Life Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of Gonadal Stage And Ploidy On Human-Pathogenic Vibrio Levels In The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica - Final Report, Corinne Audemard, Ryan Carnegie, Kimberly S. Reece

Reports

To determine whether oyster reproductive status and particularly ploidy influences levels of human-pathogenic Vibrio spp. in oyster tissues was the overall aim of this project

Our project objectives were three-fold:

1) To determine the relationship between oyster gonadal stage and levels of humanpathogenic Vibrio spp. in two separate pairs of genetically related diploid and triploid oysters through analyses of individual oysters conducted during peak Vibrio season in the York River, Virginia;

2) To determine the relationship between oyster ploidy and levels of humanpathogenic Vibrio spp. in those same oysters; and

3) To determine the degree to which farm-level marine aquaculture …

Influence Of A Suite Of Environmentally Relevant Conditions On Pbt Leaching From, And Sorption To, Marine Microplastic Debris, Robert C. Hale, Da Chen

Reports

Synthetic polymers (plastics) enter marine environments from terrestrial and marine-based sources. The manner of release, the plastic’s composition/properties and ambient marine conditions determine debris fate and its impacts on living resources. It was long assumed that all plastics were persistent and inert, possessing negligible potential for chemical impacts. However, in reality, commercial polymers exhibit a range of potentials for interactions. Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) chemicals are lipophilic and may concentrate from ambient waters by orders of magnitude on polymer surfaces (Teuten et al., 2007). The type of polymer affects the degree of PBT sorption. Indeed, plastics have been found …

Analyses Of Kings Creek Water And Watershed Runoff Samples For Bacteroidales Using Qpcr To Detect Human Fecal Contamination, Howard Kator, Kimberly S. Reece

Reports

The purpose of this work was to evaluate and analyze water samples collected from the Kings Creek watershed using a qPCR-based method to detect both total Bacteroidales and Bacteroidales reported to be associated with human fecal contamination. Quantitative real-time PCR assays were used to significantly reduce processing times and at the same time yield estimates of target concentrations. Initial efforts focused on evaluation of various Bacteroidales primer sets reported in the literature tested against human and animal fecal samples collected from the Kings Creek watershed. Most samples, both animal and human, were positive with the universal (i.e. general or total) …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2006-2008 A Summary Of The Annual Oyster Disease Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

Fall Survey sampling revealed P. marinus levels to be generally normal to high in Virginia tributaries. By 2007 P. marinus was present on every oyster reef sampled, and by the end of the 2006-2008 period the parasite was probably causing some mortality throughout Virginia waters. Data for H. nelsoni are still incomplete for 2006/7 because of funding limitations, but in 2008 H. nelsoni was observed at 17 of 31 sampled reefs, a marked expansion in distribution since 2003/4. A significant MSX disease outbreak occurred in the Great Wicomico River in 2008, as a mild winter and a long period of …

The Elizabeth River Monitoring Program 2006-2007: Association Between Mummichog Liver Histopathology And Sediment Chemical Contamination, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Michael A. Unger, David Gauthier

Reports

The Virginia Department of Environmental Quality has conducted an environmental monitoring program in the Elizabeth River, Virginia for several years. The overall aim of this monitoring program has been to develop an assessment of the rivers “health” and to develop methods that would allow DEQ to track the state of the watershed through implementation of a long-term monitoring program for water, sediment and biota. This report summarizes the results from an investigation of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) liver pathology and sediment chemical analyses.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2005 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

More normal riverflows and salinities returned in 2005 after two very wet years. Temperatures were somewhat colder than normal during the winter, and warmer during the summer. The physical environment was generally more favorable for parasite activity, and thus brought a slight increase in prevalence and intensity of the oyster diseases caused by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). Among quarterly James River Survey sites, maximum annual P. marinus prevalences returned to levels typical of the mid- 1990s, before the years of drought. P. marinus prevalence reached 92% at Wreck Shoal, 56% at Point of Shoal, 68% at Horsehead …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2004 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

2004 was the second very wet year in a row. While rainfall and streamflows were normal in winter and early spring, and just slightly above average during the summer, the fall of 2004 was nearly as wet as the year before. Salinities were again depressed throughout the lower Bay. Water temperatures were below normal during the winter, but typical otherwise. Low salinities and, in the winter, temperatures brought continued abatement in the oyster diseases caused by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). Among quarterly James River Survey sites, maximum annual P. marinus prevalences were the lowest they had been …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2003 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Ryan Carnegie, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

Low temperatures and salinities brought abatement in the oyster diseases caused by Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) for the first time since 1998. In the James River, P. marinus prevalences were the lowest they had been since 1998. In summer and fall, when P. marinus is normally most prevalent, it was found in a maximum of 72% of oysters at Wreck Shoal and in less than half the oysters at Horsehead Rock and Point of Shoals. Advanced infections were very rare. Haplosporidium nelsoni had disappeared completely from quarterly James River samples by July

Can We Predict Joint Effects Of Hypoxia And Metals On Fish Survival?, Michael C. Newman

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Fish are suddenly exposed to hypoxic conditions during diverse events such as seiche- or turnover-related water movements, bottom water release from reservoirs, ice-over of eutrophic arctic lakes, and rapid shifts in respiration: photosynthesis associated with cultural eutrophication. In each case, chemical equilibria established under hypoxic conditions that result in metal dissolution and accumulation suddenly shift toward chemical equilibria of oxic conditions. Critical changes in speciation include those determining the free ion activity that, as expressed by the Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM), is often the most bioactive form of a dissolved metal. Metal phase can also change rapidly and, in …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2002 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

Samples collected monthly from the upper James River sites from January through May showed a decline in P. marinus prevalence during the 4 winter and spring following a typical annual pattern; however, annual minimums were atypically high, particularly at Point of Shoals and Wreck Shoal (12-44%). Unusually high salinity conditions and warm winter temperatures promoted high overwintering survival of the pathogen and an early onset of the disease in the summer months. Perkinsus marinus prevalence increased to 100% at all four of the upper river stations and record high infection intensities were observed at Deepwater Shoal and Horsehead Rock. It …

Mycobacteriosis In Striped Bass Of The Chesapeake Bay: Expansion Of Studies Emphasizing Cultural And Rapid Molecular Diagnostic Methods To Evaluate Disease Prevalence: A Final Report, Ilsa Kaattari, Martha Rhodes Rhodes, Howard Kator

Reports

During 1997-99, the Aquatic Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (AADDL) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) investigated and documented an epizootic of disease in wild striped bass, Morone saxatilis, from many portions of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Some of these fish exhibited an ulcerative dermatitis initially suspected of being caused by Pfiesteria piscicida, a dinoflagellate. Skin ulcers ranged from pinpoint, pigmented spots to large, shallow hemorrhagic (bloody) wounds. This disease was determined to be due not to Pfiesteria, but to a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium spp. This disease syndrome is referred to as mycobacteriosis. Further investigations by VIMS …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2001 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

Thirty-nine oyster populations were surveyed for disease in fall 2001. Perkinsus marinus was found in all areas sampled and prevalence exceeded 90% at all but 5 sample locations. In the James River P. marinus prevalence ranged from 88-100% at Deepwater Shoal, Horsehead Rock, Point of Shoals, Wreck Shoal, Mulberry Point, Swash, Long Shoal, and Dry Shoal. A lower prevalence was observed down river at Thomas Rock, 72%, and at Nansemond Ridge, 12%. The extremely low prevalence at Nansemond Ridge is likely age and density related; the oyster population was primarily comprised of spat; few small to market oysters were present …

Aquaculture Of Triploid Crassostrea Ariakensis In The Chesapeake Bay A Symposium Report, Eric Hallerman, Merrill Leffler, Sally Mills, Standish K. Allen Jr.

Reports

A Symposium Held at the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia October 18-19, 2001

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 2000 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

As a consequence of the relatively warm temperatures, high salinities, and high oyster parasite abundances in the fall of 1999, both P. marinus and H. nelsoni were widely distributed throughout oyster populations in Virginia in 2000. Fortunately, however, we did not see severe epizootics of the diseases as observed in some areas in 1999.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1999 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

As a consequence of the relatively warm temperatures and high salinities severe epizootics of both H. nelsoni and P. marinus occurred in most tributaries in VA. In the upper James River, VA prevalences and intensities of P. marinus were the highest on record. The proportion of advanced infections (moderate and heavy intensity) in October was 60% at Wreck Shoal and 48% at Horsehead Rock suggesting that significant oyster mortalities occurred in these areas. 1 Record high levels of P. marinus were also observed in Virginia's other major tributaries. Of the 39 bay oyster populations surveyed in the fall, P. marinus …

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1998 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1997 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1996 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1995 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1994 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson

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No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1993 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1992 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Environmental Control Of Perkinsus Marinus And Elucidation Of Over Wintering Infections : Final Report, Eugene M. Burreson, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo

Reports

The role of low temperature and low salinity in controlling P. marinus was investigated under laboratory conditions which simulated typical and extreme winter and spring environmental conditions.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1991 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1990 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1989 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia Waters 1988 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program., Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.