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Articles 1 - 30 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Using Plant Functional Attributes To Quantify Site Productivity And Growth Patterns In Mixed Forests, Jerome K. Vanclay, A N. Gillison, Rod J. Keenan
Using Plant Functional Attributes To Quantify Site Productivity And Growth Patterns In Mixed Forests, Jerome K. Vanclay, A N. Gillison, Rod J. Keenan
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Forest growth models are one of several important prerequisites for sustainable management. The complexity of tropical moist forest means that there is often little objective information to classify sites and species for growth modelling and yield prediction. Classification based on observable morphological characteristics may be a useful surrogate for, or supplement to other alternatives. This study investigated the utility of plant functional attributes (PFAs) for site and species classification. PFAs describe a plant in terms of its photosynthetic and vascular support system, and the sum of individual PFAs for all species on a plot provides an efficient summary of vegetation …
Mixed Species Plantations: Prospects And Challenges, J Doland Nichols, Mila Bristow, Jerome K. Vanclay
Mixed Species Plantations: Prospects And Challenges, J Doland Nichols, Mila Bristow, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
About 2% of English-language literature on plantations deals with mixed-species plantations, but only a tiny proportion (<0.1%) of industrial plantations are polycultures. Small landholders are more innovative, with 12% of Australia’s farm forestry plantations under mixed-species plantings, and 80% of Queensland’s farm forestry as polycultures. We examine reasons for this discrepancy, and explore the history, silviculture and economics of polycultures. Financial analyses suggest that a yield stimulus of 10%, depending on product and rotation length, may be sufficient to offset increased costs associated with planting and managing a mixed-species plantation, a stimulus that has been demonstrated in many field …
Improving Productivity In Mixed-Species Plantations, Mila Bristow, J Doland Nichols, Jerome K. Vanclay
Improving Productivity In Mixed-Species Plantations, Mila Bristow, J Doland Nichols, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Mixed species plantations are often promoted as being environmentally preferable to monocultures, but are rarely considered operationally viable by commercial forest growers. Despite many publications documenting benefits demonstrated in research studies (e.g., Kelty 2006; Forrester et al. 2006b; Wood and Vanclay 1995), and despite continuing calls from a wide range of advocates for mixed-species plantations, polyculture remains the exception rather than the rule in industrial plantation forestry (Nichols et al 2006)...
Calibrating The Self-Thinning Frontier, Jerome K. Vanclay, Peter J. Sands
Calibrating The Self-Thinning Frontier, Jerome K. Vanclay, Peter J. Sands
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Calibration of the self-thinning frontier in even-aged monocultures is hampered by scarce data and by subjective decisions about the proximity of data to the frontier. We present a simple model that applies to observations of the full trajectory of stand mean diameter across a range of densities not necessarily close to the frontier. Development of the model is based on a consideration of the slope s = ln(Nt/Nt−1)/ln(Dt/Dt−1) of a log-transformed plot of stocking Nt and mean stem diameter Dt at time t. This avoids the need for subjective decisions about limiting density and allows the use of abundant data …
Lessons From The Queensland Rainforests: Steps Towards Sustainability, Jerome K. Vanclay
Lessons From The Queensland Rainforests: Steps Towards Sustainability, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Commercial timber harvesting commenced in the tropical rainforests of north Queensland in 1873 and ceased in 1988 following their inclusion on the World Heritage List. The evolution of forest policy, management and research is reviewed, and strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. Between 1950-85, eight estimates of the sustainable yield varied ten-fold. Discrepancies were due to different assumptions regarding management, and to errors in estimating net productive areas and growth rates. During 1950-85, the allowable cut (130,000-207,000 m3/ann) exceeded sustained yield estimates (60,000-180,000 m3/ann), but the actual harvest (90,000-205,000 m3/ann) remained less than the allowable cut. The allowable cut was reduced …
Bias In The Journal Impact Factor, Jerome K. Vanclay
Bias In The Journal Impact Factor, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
The ISI journal impact factor (JIF) is based on a sample that may represent half the whole-of-life citations to some journals, but a small fraction (<10%) of the citations accruing to other journals. This disproportionate sampling means that the JIF provides a misleading indication of the true impact of journals, biased in favour of journals that have a rapid rather than a prolonged impact. Many journals exhibit a consistent pattern of citation accrual from year to year, so it may be possible to adjust the JIF to provide a more reliable indication of a journal’s impact.
Participation And Model-Building: Lessons Learned From The Bukittinggi Workshop, Jerome K. Vanclay, Mandy Haggith, Carol J. Pierce Colfer
Participation And Model-Building: Lessons Learned From The Bukittinggi Workshop, Jerome K. Vanclay, Mandy Haggith, Carol J. Pierce Colfer
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
FLORES (the Forest Land Oriented Resource Envisioning System) was initially constructed by 50 people during a multidisciplinary workshop in Bukittinggi, Sumatra, in 1999. It proved that a model of a complex system could be constructed in a participatory way by a diverse team; that it could be done with a graphically-based package such as Simile; and that the resulting model could remain reasonably accessible to all participants, and could run on an ordinary notebook computer. Many useful insights can be gained through building such a model, and subsequent experience has demonstrated that modelling in this way can foster continuing interdisciplinary …
Zimflores: A Model To Advise Co-Management Of The Mafungautsi Forest In Zimbabwe, Ravi Prabhu, Mandy Haggith, Happyson Mudavanhu, Robert Muetzelfeldt, Wavell Standa-Gunda, Jerome K. Vanclay
Zimflores: A Model To Advise Co-Management Of The Mafungautsi Forest In Zimbabwe, Ravi Prabhu, Mandy Haggith, Happyson Mudavanhu, Robert Muetzelfeldt, Wavell Standa-Gunda, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
ZimFlores (version 4) is the outcome of a participatory modelling process and seeks to provide a shared factual basis for exploring land-use options for the communal lands surrounding the Mafungautsi forest. The ZimFlores experience underscores the importance of a sharing a common problem and a common location in which all participants have an interest. Participatory modelling has proved an effective way to consolidate a diverse body of knowledge and make it accessible. Results demonstrate the importance of model outputs that are diagnostic, and which offer insights into the issues under consideration.
Modelling Interactions Amongst People And Forest Resources At The Landscape Scale, Jerome K. Vanclay, Fergus L. Sinclair, Ravi Prabhu
Modelling Interactions Amongst People And Forest Resources At The Landscape Scale, Jerome K. Vanclay, Fergus L. Sinclair, Ravi Prabhu
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
FLORES, the Forest Land Oriented Resource Envisioning System, is a framework to facilitate quantitative modelling of ecological, economic and social issues at the landscape scale. This issue of Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy describes the evolution of FLORES from a concept to a series of models calibrated for diverse locations, and documents the lessons learned.....
Multi-Agent Simulation Of Alternative Scenarios Of Collaborative Forest Management, Herry Purnomo, Yurdi Yasmi, Ravi Prabhu, Linda Yuliani, Hari Priyadi, Jerome K. Vanclay
Multi-Agent Simulation Of Alternative Scenarios Of Collaborative Forest Management, Herry Purnomo, Yurdi Yasmi, Ravi Prabhu, Linda Yuliani, Hari Priyadi, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
International calls for sustainable development advocate that forest management should be carried out in a multi-stakeholder environment. The importance of community participation is acknowledged in theIndonesian Act No. 41 on Forestry (1999). However, it is not clear how to achieve this in areas already allocated to a concession holder. Current regulations offer little flexibility for concessionaires to develop site-specific management, or to involve local communities in forest management. The research reported here examines the application of simulation techniques to explore scenarios of sustainable forest management addressing those limitations. Several scenarios have been developed using multi-agent simulation to examine social and …
Participatory Modelling To Enhance Social Learning, Collective Action And Mobilization Among Users Of The Mafungautsi Forest, Zimbabwe, Wavell Standa-Gunda, Tendayi Mutimukuru, Richard Nyirenda, Ravi Prabhu, Mandy Haggith, Jerome K. Vanclay
Participatory Modelling To Enhance Social Learning, Collective Action And Mobilization Among Users Of The Mafungautsi Forest, Zimbabwe, Wavell Standa-Gunda, Tendayi Mutimukuru, Richard Nyirenda, Ravi Prabhu, Mandy Haggith, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Participatory modelling can be a useful process to encourage critical examination of livelihood options and foster sustainable natural resource use through enhanced social learning, collective action and mobilization. The broom-grass group in the Mafungautsi Forest Reserve serves as a case study of the process and outcomes of such participatory modelling. Innovative group facilitation methods enhanced participation in the modelling process. The modelling process complements broader efforts to achieve higher levels of adaptive collaborative management.
Assessing The Sustainability Of Timber Harvests From Natural Forests: Limitations Of Indices Based On Successive Harvests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Assessing The Sustainability Of Timber Harvests From Natural Forests: Limitations Of Indices Based On Successive Harvests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
The concepts of sustainable original harvest (SOH) and sustainable disturbance harvest (SDH), and simple indices such as the ratio of successive harvests do not provide a reliable indication of the sustainability of a harvest. Some limitations of these concepts are illustrated in the context of selection harvesting of timber from natural forests. Four models are used to demonstrate that maintaining an SOH or SDH indicates little about the long-term sustainability of a timber harvest. The concepts may offer greater utility in evenaged systems harvested by clear-felling, but still suffer the limitation that many factors may mask any change in site …
Ecological Sensitivity Of Australian Rainforests To Selective Logging, Jerome K. Vanclay
Ecological Sensitivity Of Australian Rainforests To Selective Logging, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Horne and Hickey (1991) raised some matters which may warrant further clarification. Although about 50% of the rainforest between Cooktown and Ingham in north Queensland is reserved as State Forest or Timber Reserve, it should not be assumed that all of this area is managed for timber production. In 1988 most of this area was inscribed on the World Heritage List and further logging was banned. Prior to this, a gross area of about 20% (of total rainforest area or 40% of SF & TR) was selectively logged. Within this gross area, about 4% (of the total or 20% of …
Sustainable Harvesting Of Tropical Rainforests: Reply To Keto, Scott And Olsen, Jerome K. Vanclay, E J. Rudder, Glenn Dale, G A. Blake
Sustainable Harvesting Of Tropical Rainforests: Reply To Keto, Scott And Olsen, Jerome K. Vanclay, E J. Rudder, Glenn Dale, G A. Blake
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
This paper refutes the Keto et al. proposition that the Queensland selection logging system is neither ecologically nor economically sustainable. The key requirements of this system are: (1) that logging guidelines are sympathetic to the silvicultural characteristics of the forest, ensuring adequate regeneration of commercial species and discouraging invasion by weeds; (2) tree-marking by trained staff specifies trees to be retained, trees to be removed and the direction of felling to ensure minimal damage to the residual stand; (3) logging equipment is appropriate and driven by trained operators to ensure minimal damage and soil disturbance, compaction and erosion; (4) prescriptions …
Seed Orchard Designs By Computer, Jerome K. Vanclay
Seed Orchard Designs By Computer, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
A computer program creates permuted neighbourhood designs for second generation seed orchards which may include a high proportion of related clones. It maximizes panmixis, and ensures isolation of all related clones. It is fast, efficient and easy to use. Copies of the program are available from the author.
Enhancing A Permanent Sample Plot System In Natural Forests, Trevor Beetson, Marks Nester, Jerome K. Vanclay
Enhancing A Permanent Sample Plot System In Natural Forests, Trevor Beetson, Marks Nester, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Permanent sample plots (PSPs) provide the basis for growth models and thus determine the quality of inferences made from decision support systems for forest management. Existing plots may have been adequate in the past, but changing needs and possibilities may have made data suboptimal for present demands. Funds for the establishment of additional plots are generally limited, so supplementary sampling should be based on an optimal sampling strategy employing prior information. This case study in south-east Queensland used topoclimatic strata and existing inventory data to identify where additional PSPs should be established, so as to increase the geographical and silvicultural …
Aggregating Tree Species To Develop Diameter Increment Equations For Tropical Rainforests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Aggregating Tree Species To Develop Diameter Increment Equations For Tropical Rainforests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Pairwise F-tests provided an efficient approach for aggregating large numbers of species into a manageable number of groups for developing diameter increment functions. The first stage of the two-stage procedure identified the number of groups required and the species defining these groups; the second stage aggregated all the remaining species into the most appropriate group. Although there is no guarantee that this leads to an optimal solution, empirical results suggest that the outcome is near optimal. This approach is readily automated and computationally efficient. An analysis of diameter increments of 237 species from the rainforests of north Queensland indicated 41 …
Stand Biomass Dynamics Of Pine Plantations And Natural Forests On Dry Steppe In Kazakhstan, V A. Usoltsev, Jerome K. Vanclay
Stand Biomass Dynamics Of Pine Plantations And Natural Forests On Dry Steppe In Kazakhstan, V A. Usoltsev, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Biomass dynamics were studied in isolated relict stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the dry steppe of Kazakhstan (53-54° N), where potential evaporation is 500-600 mm yr-1 and the rainfall is 250-260 mm yr-1. Samples were taken from seven plots in natural stands on sandy forest soils (aged 13-110 yrs) and ten plots in plantations on dark-chestnut-coloured soils (aged 5-50 yrs). Nine or ten sample trees were taken from each plot, giving a total of 68 and 96 sample trees in natural and plantation stands respectively. Root systems were excavated and fractionated in 11 plots. Analyses indicated that …
Growth Models For Tropical Forests: A Synthesis Of Models And Methods, Jerome K. Vanclay
Growth Models For Tropical Forests: A Synthesis Of Models And Methods, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Tropical forests may have many species, indeterminate ages, and a wide range of growth habits and stem sizes and thus require special modeling techniques. But technique contributes only part of model quality, and much depends on the calibration data and access to the model. Whole stand models have limited utility in these forests, as it is hard to describe the forest adequately with few stand-level variables. Stand table projection and matrix models may be useful where summarized data are available and computer resources are limited, but the many classes required detract from the method. Tree list models offer greater flexibility, …
Assessing Site Productivity In Tropical Moist Forests: A Review, Jerome K. Vanclay
Assessing Site Productivity In Tropical Moist Forests: A Review, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Reliable estimates of site productivity are essential for improved predictions of timber yields and for meaningful simulation studies. Few suitable techniques exist for tropical moist forests. Conventional indices such as site index cannot be estimated reliably for stands with many species or indeterminate ages. Emerging techniques require two steps: calibration and validation with permanent sample plots, and correlation with easily measured stand parameters. One promising index for the tropical moist forest is based on the expected diameter increment of individual trees adjusted for tree size and competition. Measures of stand height such as maximum stand height, canopy height and the …
Sustainable Timber Harvesting: Simulation Studies In The Tropical Rainforests Of North Queensland, Jerome K. Vanclay
Sustainable Timber Harvesting: Simulation Studies In The Tropical Rainforests Of North Queensland, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Although logging ceased in the tropical rainforests of north Queensland following their World Heritage Listing in 1988, they provide a good basis for simulation studies on sustainability of timber harvesting as reliable logging records, inventory and growth data are available. A growth model for these forests has been developed and published. The growth model is dynamic, responding to changes in stand density, composition and management history. A harvesting simulator predicts the trees removed by selection logging, and predicts changes on the residual stand. Simulation studies employ cutting cycle analysis and yield scheduling to demonstrate the sustainability of harvesting. These studies …
Modelling Forest Growth And Yield : Applications To Mixed Tropical Forests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Modelling Forest Growth And Yield : Applications To Mixed Tropical Forests, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Whole Stand Models -- 3. Size Class Models -- 4. Single-tree and Tree List Models -- 5. Data Requirements -- 6. Constructing Growth Models -- 7. Forest Site Evaluation -- 8. Diameter Increment -- 9. Mortality and Merchantability -- 10. Regeneration and Recruitment -- 11. Model Evaluation and Re-calibration -- 12. Implementation and Use -- 13. Future Directions.
Assessing The Quality Of Permanent Sample Plot Databases For Growth Modelling In Forest Plantations, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard, C Pilegaard Hansen
Assessing The Quality Of Permanent Sample Plot Databases For Growth Modelling In Forest Plantations, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard, C Pilegaard Hansen
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Informed plantation management requires a good database, since the quality of information depends on the quality of data, growth models and other planning tools. There are several important questions concerning permanent plots: how many plots, where to put them, and how to manage them. Plot measurement procedures are also important. This paper illustrates graphical procedures to evaluate existing databases, to identify areas of weakness, and to plan remedial sampling. Two graphs, one of site index versus age, another with stocking versus tree size, may provide a good summary of the site and stand conditions represented in the database. However, it …
Growth And Yield Of A Tropical Rain Forest In The Brazilian Amazon 13 Years After Logging, J Nm Silva, J Op De Carvalho, J Do Ca Lopes, B F. De Almeida, D Hm Costa, L C. De Oliveira, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard
Growth And Yield Of A Tropical Rain Forest In The Brazilian Amazon 13 Years After Logging, J Nm Silva, J Op De Carvalho, J Do Ca Lopes, B F. De Almeida, D Hm Costa, L C. De Oliveira, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Successive inventories of a silvicultural experiment in terra firme rain forest within the Tapajós National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon are examined to provide guidelines for operational forest management on a sustainable basis. The experiment was logged in 1979 without additional silvicultural treatment, but included protection from further logging and encroachment (‘log and leave’). Thirty-six permanent plots established in 1981 were remeasured in 1987 and 1992. Logging changed the canopy structure and altered the composition of the stand, reducing the number of shade tolerant species and stimulating light demanding species. There was a net increase in stem number and stand …
Evaluating Forest Growth Models, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard
Evaluating Forest Growth Models, Jerome K. Vanclay, J P. Skovsgaard
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Effective model evaluation is not a single, simple procedure, but comprises several interrelated steps that cannot be separated from each other or from the purpose and process of model construction. We draw attention to several statistical and graphical procedures that may assist in model calibration and evaluation, with special emphasis on those useful in forest growth modelling. We propose a five-step framework to examine logic and bio-logic, statistical properties, characteristics of errors, residuals, and sensitivity analyses. Empirical evaluations may be made with data used in fitting the model, and with additional data not previously used. We emphasize that the validity …
Mobilizing Expert Knowledge Of Tree Growth With The Plantgro And Infer Systems, C Hackett, Jerome K. Vanclay
Mobilizing Expert Knowledge Of Tree Growth With The Plantgro And Infer Systems, C Hackett, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
PLANTGRO can provide estimates of plant and tree growth under a wide range of conditions by evaluating responses to some environmental variables ranging from day length to soil pH and determining the limiting factor. Although intended only to indicate the suitability of a given sitespecies combination, empirical trials suggest that the suitability index provides a reasonable indication of growth potential, offering correlations with height growth as high as 80%. PLANTGRO can be calibrated for new situations by providing appropriate soil, climate and species files. These can be compiled from plot-based data, casual observations, or expert knowledge. INFER is an expert …
Flores: For Exploring Land Use Options In Forested Landscapes, Jerome K. Vanclay
Flores: For Exploring Land Use Options In Forested Landscapes, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Incentives intended to stimulate better land use practices often don't work as intended, and can have undesirable side effects that were not foreseen. How can we better equip policy makers and their advisors to envisage fully the efficacy and consequences of initiatives? One way is to provide a decision support system. The formulation and construction of such a system offers other benefits: it would make existing information more accessible, facilitate hypotheses testing, and foster collaboration between researchers working on these issues. FLORES is such a system being developed through a partnership co-ordinated by the Center for International Forestry Research.
Accuracy And Precision Of Two Laser Dendrometers, J P. Skovsgaard, V K. Johannsen, Jerome K. Vanclay
Accuracy And Precision Of Two Laser Dendrometers, J P. Skovsgaard, V K. Johannsen, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Two commercial laser dendrometers were tested under controlled and field conditions, and contrasted with alternative instruments. Testing focused on height measurement, but also considered distance and remote diameter measurements. Both laser instruments gave very precise estimates, but showed some bias. Users of these and other ‘high-tech’ instruments are reminded that precision is not synonymous with accuracy. Users should not become complacent about the submillimetre readout, but should calibrate instruments to examine if users' accuracy requirements are satisfied. Instruments may need to be re-calibrated each measurement season and after any mishandling.
Estimating Sapling Vitality For Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) In Russian Karelia, D G. Oreshkin, J P. Skovsgaard, Jerome K. Vanclay
Estimating Sapling Vitality For Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) In Russian Karelia, D G. Oreshkin, J P. Skovsgaard, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
A new method is proposed for estimating vitality or growth potential for saplings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), based on height, diameter and height increment. A two-stage process was used to establish the vitality index. The logarithms of height, diameter and height increment were regressed against age, to adjust for the wide range of ages present in our data (c. 10,000 saplings with ages spanning 4–50 years). Then principal component analysis was used to obtain coefficients, which were, in turn, standardized on each axis to provide a vitality index scaled in standard deviations. This standardized scale allows the rank …
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial En La Amazonía Peruana: I. El Bosque Alto, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Henning Christensen, Luis Freitas, Juan Ruiz
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial En La Amazonía Peruana: I. El Bosque Alto, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Henning Christensen, Luis Freitas, Juan Ruiz
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Three peruvian flood plain forests adjacent to the Ucayali river were sampled using nine one hectare permanent sample plots in which stems exceeding 10 cm DBH were identified and measured. These plots have been measured 4 times during 1993- 1997, and provide the basis for the results reported here. Three plots were established in each of the three forest types high restinga, low restinga, and tahuampa, characterized in part by and annual inundation of 1, 2 and 4 months per year, respectively. Stem density varies from 446 to 601 per ha, and the basal area ranges between 20-29 m2/ha. A …