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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Length Of Exercise History And Depressive Symptoms In Community Dwelling Older Adults, Kelly M. (Kelly Mcgrorey) Broderick
Length Of Exercise History And Depressive Symptoms In Community Dwelling Older Adults, Kelly M. (Kelly Mcgrorey) Broderick
WWU Graduate School Collection
Depression is a serious illness that causes suffering in all aspects of one's life. Exercise has previously shown to decrease depressive symptoms in adults. This study investigated the length of exercise history and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. Subjects were grouped, according to length of exercise history, into five groups: non-exercisers; started exercise within the past year; exercise history between one and five years; exercise history between five and ten years; exercise history longer than ten years. Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), the UCLA Loneliness Scale, …
The Relationship Between Bat Velocity, Upper And Lower Extremity Power And The Rotational Kinetic Chain In Ncaa Division Ii Softball Players, Liza S. Teichler
The Relationship Between Bat Velocity, Upper And Lower Extremity Power And The Rotational Kinetic Chain In Ncaa Division Ii Softball Players, Liza S. Teichler
WWU Graduate School Collection
Fastpitch softball has undergone a relative resurgence in popularity in the NCAA in recent years as marked by a greater than two fold increase in participating teams and athletes. This trend has coincided with rises in NCAA employment of strength and conditioning professionals as well as attention paid to the generation of maximal bat velocity. The development of bat velocity positively affects the hitter's decision-making time, ability to make solid contact with the ball, increase hit distance and velocity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant correlations between lower extremity power, upper extremity power …
Polyunsaturated Aldehyde Production By A Temporally Varying Field Assemblage Of Diatoms In The San Juan Island Archipelago: Can Diatom Metabolites Affect Microzooplankton Grazing?, Blair M. (Blair Michael) Paul
Polyunsaturated Aldehyde Production By A Temporally Varying Field Assemblage Of Diatoms In The San Juan Island Archipelago: Can Diatom Metabolites Affect Microzooplankton Grazing?, Blair M. (Blair Michael) Paul
WWU Graduate School Collection
The success of diatoms in a wide range of global habitats, together with common observations of the post-bloom sinking of diatom biomass, indicates that this taxon has evolved a mechanism to reduce the largest loss process for phytoplankton in the ocean, microzooplankton grazing. Recent research has shown that polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), lipid oxidation products generated by various species of diatoms, can reduce copepod fecundity and egg hatching success. This leads to the question of whether PUAs adversely affect the major global consumers of phytoplankton, microzooplankton. In the late spring to early fall 2007, I used the seawater dilution technique to …
The Effects Of Training Status And Exercise Intensity On Plyometric Exercise Volume, Kevin J. (Kevin James) Cronin
The Effects Of Training Status And Exercise Intensity On Plyometric Exercise Volume, Kevin J. (Kevin James) Cronin
WWU Graduate School Collection
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of training status and exercise intensity on the volume of repetitions completed before propulsive force output decreases below 90 percent of maximum force output. We also examined the effect of training status and exercise intensity on the change in eccentric rate of force development (E-RFD) and contact time (CT) across exercise repetitions (depicted as the slope of the regression line relating the E-RFD and repetitions, and the slope relating CT for each repetition completed). Thirty subjects were recruited from the university population (15 plyometrically trained and 15 recreationally trained). …
The Interrater And Intrarater Reliability Of The Functional Movement Screen, Jason Dudley
The Interrater And Intrarater Reliability Of The Functional Movement Screen, Jason Dudley
WWU Graduate School Collection
The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). Forty]Four Western Washington University athletes from various athletic teams volunteered. Twenty]one of the athletes tested volunteered to participate in a second testing session. Each athlete performed the seven components of the FMS while being evaluated by two separate testing teams. Each testing team was comprised of two members, with one member assigned to assess the sagittal plane, and the other, the frontal plane. The scores of the two members of each testing team were combined to form the total score given …
Comparing The Effects Of Inspiratory Muscle Training And Core Training On Core Muscle Function, Teresa J. Hahn
Comparing The Effects Of Inspiratory Muscle Training And Core Training On Core Muscle Function, Teresa J. Hahn
WWU Graduate School Collection
This study was designed to test the effects of inspiratory muscle training on core function compared to a typical core training program. One group performed inspiratory muscle training for six weeks while another performed a core training program of the same duration. A third group served as controls. Core function was assessed pre and post training using a side bridge, prone extension and Stabilizer test of transversus abdominis contraction. Maximal inspiratory pressure was also assessed before and after the six week training period. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of inspiratory muscle …
Predicting Cyanobacteria Blooms In 50 Lakes Of Northwest Washington, Chandra T. (Chandra Terezina) Llewellyn
Predicting Cyanobacteria Blooms In 50 Lakes Of Northwest Washington, Chandra T. (Chandra Terezina) Llewellyn
WWU Graduate School Collection
Eutrophication is one of the foremost problems affecting our freshwater resources. Excessive nutrient loading impacts freshwater lakes by altering ecosystem processes and degrading water quality, often resulting in human-induced eutrophication. Worldwide, cyanobacteria blooms occur in many anthropogenically eutrophic lakes. Such blooms are of increasing concern in the Pacific Northwest because they negatively affect lake system and function. A major concern is their unpredictable production of toxins, which can be deadly to animals, including humans. Therefore, an improved understanding of the incidence and persistence of cyanobacteria blooms is a critical aspect of protecting our water supply. The goal of this thesis …
The Relationship Between Native Richness And Exotic Success Depends On The Index Of Exotic Success And Environmental Gradients, Daniel Slakey
The Relationship Between Native Richness And Exotic Success Depends On The Index Of Exotic Success And Environmental Gradients, Daniel Slakey
WWU Graduate School Collection
The theory of resource use pre-emption suggests that diverse communities may be more resistant to invasion than simple communities due to lack of niche space for invaders. Studies examining the relationship of native species richness to exotic success have provided mixed support for this idea. To test this theory, I measured plant diversity and cover across topographic gradients differing in resource availability in a California serpentine grassland, and measured exotic success as either species richness, absolute cover, or dominance of exotic species. I then evaluated models predicting these different measures of exotic success, using either native richness alone or in …
Effect Of Resistance Training On Body Composition Of Persons With Type Ii Diabetes, Eric R. Spickler
Effect Of Resistance Training On Body Composition Of Persons With Type Ii Diabetes, Eric R. Spickler
WWU Graduate School Collection
The current study was designed to measure the effect of an eight week resistance training program on the body composition of persons with type II diabetes. To assess the effectiveness of the program, body composition was measured before and immediately following the training period. Forty-one subjects (female = 25, male = 16) participated in the study. Seventeen were randomly assigned to the resistance training group and eighteen were assigned to the control group. Resistance training was performed under supervision three days a week for eight weeks on eleven different exercises (triceps press, bicep curl, lat row, bench press, hip flexion, …
The Effects Of Anoxic Conditions On Thermal Tolerance And Stress Protein Levels In Four Local Bivalves, Rachel Allee
The Effects Of Anoxic Conditions On Thermal Tolerance And Stress Protein Levels In Four Local Bivalves, Rachel Allee
WWU Graduate School Collection
Areas of oxygen depletion in the world's oceans have been on the rise, with the main culprits being anthropogenic causes such as eutrophication and pollution. Coastal marine areas, such as estuaries, are some of the more impacted ecosystems and they have been the focus of recent studies. This study focused on the effects of anoxia and the interactions it has with thermal tolerance in four local intertidal bivalves: Nuttallia obscurata, Venerupis phillipinarum, Leukoma staminea, and Mytilus trossulus. Nuttallia obscurata is a recent invader on which little physiological research has been conducted. Both V. phillipinarum and L. staminea are commercially important …
Broad Physiological Tolerances Of The Invasive Clam Nuttallia Obscurata, Zachary C. Siegrist
Broad Physiological Tolerances Of The Invasive Clam Nuttallia Obscurata, Zachary C. Siegrist
WWU Graduate School Collection
Nuttallia obscurata, or the purple varnish clam, is a non-native species that has spread recently and rapidly in the coastal Northeastern Pacific. Attempts at commercial marketing have largely failed. This is in contrast to Venerupis philippinarum, the Manila clam, which was accidentally introduced to the region in the 1930s but is now very important to commercial shellfish industry. Finally, Leukoma staminea is the local littleneck clam, another popular edible bivalve. These three ecologically important species were studied and their physiological tolerances were compared to help determine why N. obscurata is succeeding as an invasive species. To study physiological tolerances, specimens …
The Effects Of Season And Microhabitat On The Distribution And Nutritional Contributions Of Two Algal Symbionts In The Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura Xanthogrammica, Michael R. (Michael Rory) Levine
The Effects Of Season And Microhabitat On The Distribution And Nutritional Contributions Of Two Algal Symbionts In The Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura Xanthogrammica, Michael R. (Michael Rory) Levine
WWU Graduate School Collection
The intertidal sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica is distributed widely along the Pacific coast, from Baja California Mexico (~30ºN) to southern Alaska (57ºN). In much of its range, A. xanthogrammica has the ability to co-host algal symbionts from two distinct taxa known as zoochlorellae (the chlorophyte Elliptochloris marina) and zooxanthellae (brown dinophytes in the genus Symbiodinium). Laboratory studies and field distributions have demonstrated that zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae represent "cool" and "warm" symbionts respectively, based on their relative temperature tolerances and intertidal distributions. This study examined the effects of two intertidal microhabitats on the seasonal distribution, density, and mitotic index of zoochlorellae …
Heavy Elastic Vs. White Tape: The Effect Of Ankle Taping On Ankle Range Of Motion, Laura B. Grambo
Heavy Elastic Vs. White Tape: The Effect Of Ankle Taping On Ankle Range Of Motion, Laura B. Grambo
WWU Graduate School Collection
Previous research has found that with exercise, athletic tape loses some of its restricting properties. Different kinds of tape have been developed in order to decrease this change in restriction. The effects of heavy elastic tape were compared with white tape after fifteen minutes of multi-directional exercise. Twenty-seven volunteers participated in the study. Subject's ankle range of motion (ROM) was measured and a manual goniometer before the application of the tape, immediately after application of tape and after 15 minutes of multi-directional exercise. Range of motion was measured in four directions: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, and inversion. Data collected was …
How Does Spatial Variation In Climate Cause Spatiotemporal Patterns In Lizard Energetics?, Sean D. Powers
How Does Spatial Variation In Climate Cause Spatiotemporal Patterns In Lizard Energetics?, Sean D. Powers
WWU Graduate School Collection
Sceloporus occidentalis occurs in two locales near the northern end of its geographic range that contrast markedly in climate. Both locales are in Washington state; one is cool, moist coastal temperate forest and the other is warm, dry pine-oak woodland in the state's interior. The focus of this thesis was to investigate differences in lizard production and population structure between these locales by correlating daily and seasonal patterns of temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover with the measured and estimated patterns of lizard activity, energy expenditure, feeding rates and food availability. Based on air temperature records, the estimated activity season length …
Alien Vs. Predator: Effects Of A Native Predator On Two Invasive Oyster Drills And Oysters In Washington State, Emily W. Grason
Alien Vs. Predator: Effects Of A Native Predator On Two Invasive Oyster Drills And Oysters In Washington State, Emily W. Grason
WWU Graduate School Collection
I investigated the consumptive (CEs) and non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of a native crab predator (the red rock crab, Cancer productus) on a system of two invasive oyster drills (the Atlantic drill, Urosalpinx cinerea, and the Japanese drill, Ocinebrina inornata), a native oyster (the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida), and an introduced but commercially valuable oyster (the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas). In the presence of chemical effluent from crabs eating conspecifics, drills increased hiding behavior by 2 to 6 times, and reduced the number of oysters consumed by 50 to 67%. This is consistent with an adaptive behavioral response and has the …
The Behavioral Response Of Harbor Seals To Seasonal Prey Pulses Of Spawning Pacific Herring, Austen C. Thomas
The Behavioral Response Of Harbor Seals To Seasonal Prey Pulses Of Spawning Pacific Herring, Austen C. Thomas
WWU Graduate School Collection
The Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) is a noteworthy omission from the list of predators that aggregate at herring spawning sites, despite strong suggestive evidence that they are likely to respond to herring pulses. Working with the hypothesis that spawning herring aggregations are seasonally important prey for harbor seals, we tested several predictions using an analysis of harbor seal prey remains, GPS telemetry, and satellite-linked time/depth recorder data. Contrary to predictions, herring in harbor seal diet was comprised of 77% juveniles and 23% adults in the spawn season, versus 33% juveniles and 67% adults in the post-spawn season. Seal diving …
The Effects Of A Widespread, Showy Invasive Plant (Rubus Armeniacus) On Pollinator Visitation Rates, Pollen Deposition, And Seed Set In A Rare Native Wildflower (Sidalcea Hendersonii), Natasha S. Johnson
WWU Graduate School Collection
The relentless spread of invasive plant species has illuminated their capacity for disrupting essential ecosystem services, including the pollination of native flowers. Invaders that are particularly showy, resource-laden and widespread appear to be the most likely to create pollinator competition. Native plants that are most likely to be impacted by the encroachment of such invaders are those that are sensitive to disturbance, locally rare and obligate-outcrossers. This study examined the effects of a widespread showy invader of the Pacific Northwest, Rubus armeniacus, on an imperiled endemic wildflower, Sidalcea hendersonii. These species are sympatric, have overlapping flowering phenologies and provide pollinators …
Age Determination Of The Sixgill Shark From Hard Parts Using A Series Of Traditional And Novel Approaches, S. Jeffrey (Steven Jeffrey) Campbell
Age Determination Of The Sixgill Shark From Hard Parts Using A Series Of Traditional And Novel Approaches, S. Jeffrey (Steven Jeffrey) Campbell
WWU Graduate School Collection
Necessary to the management of any species of fish is the ability to determine age in individuals. Age information is used to establish growth rates, longevity, age at maturity, and population age structure, and to predict how population demographics will change over time. For most species of fish, reliable aging techniques have been in use since the early 20th century. Most boney fish are aged by counting bands of calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite that form over time in skeletal hard parts such as otoliths, fin-spines, and scales, which can be used as proxies for age in years. Fishes in the Class …
Effects Of Fatigue On Muscle Activation And Shock Attenuation During Barefoot Running, Carl Q. (Carl Quinn) Newton
Effects Of Fatigue On Muscle Activation And Shock Attenuation During Barefoot Running, Carl Q. (Carl Quinn) Newton
WWU Graduate School Collection
Lately, barefoot running has received attention from many acknowledged researchers and athletes alike. If alterations in running mechanics related to fatigue are found to be different while running barefoot, it may help to identify the practicality and efficacy of barefoot running in terms of injury prevention. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of global fatigue on muscle activation and the rate of shock attenuation during barefoot (BFT) and shod (SHD) running in habitually shod runners. METHODS: Eleven well-trained runners were recruited from the community to complete protocols in two different footwear conditions (BFT and SHD). …
Effects Of Inspiratory Muscle Training On Heart Rate Variability, Anuja Choudhari
Effects Of Inspiratory Muscle Training On Heart Rate Variability, Anuja Choudhari
WWU Graduate School Collection
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in young and older adults. Twelve young (age 22.25 + 2.13 years) and 14 older adults (age 72.5 + 6.44 years) participated in the study. The training protocol included using IMT device set at a resistance equivalent to 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), five days per week. HRV data were obtained by electrocardiogram prior to and following six weeks of IMT, along with pulmonary function measures (vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal ventilatory …
The Effects Of Imagery And Positive Self-Review On The Performance Of Intercollegiate Basketball Players, Jonathan Rylaarsdam
The Effects Of Imagery And Positive Self-Review On The Performance Of Intercollegiate Basketball Players, Jonathan Rylaarsdam
WWU Graduate School Collection
Coaches frequently seek new methods to improve performance. The mental skills training of imagery combined with positive self-review has emerged as a possible device to improve athletic performance. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of imagery and positive self-review on basketball game performance. Four male intercollegiate basketball players were chosen to participate in a single-subject, multiple baseline across subjects design. Baseline percentages of correct performance were compared to post-intervention percentages. Evidence indicated that the intervention was effective across all four participants. Results indicated a mean Win Score (Berri, Schmidt, & Brooks, 2006) increase of .74 across the four …
Grazing Interactions Between Oxyrrhis Marina And Synechococcus Strains Grown In Single Nitrogen Sources, Virginia. Selz
Grazing Interactions Between Oxyrrhis Marina And Synechococcus Strains Grown In Single Nitrogen Sources, Virginia. Selz
WWU Graduate School Collection
The goal of this study was to assess the interaction between abiotic and biotic factors on diverse Synechococcus strains isolated from the coastal California Current (CC9311, CC9605, CC9902) and the oceanic Sargasso Sea (WH8102 and mutants: JMS40 and SIO7B). Previous research has demonstrated that abiotic factors, such as nutrient source or concentration, can alter cellular structure and chemistry. These cell characteristics in turn influence biotic factors such as predation by protozoan grazers. Synechococcus strains isolated from coastal and open ocean waters were grown to nitrogen (N) depletion in N-reduced medium. After reaching stationary phase, strains were transferred to media containing …
Comparison Of Linear And Daily Undulating Periodization In Resistance Training Using Simple Measures Of Overreaching, Matt Sweeny
Comparison Of Linear And Daily Undulating Periodization In Resistance Training Using Simple Measures Of Overreaching, Matt Sweeny
WWU Graduate School Collection
This study was conducted in an effort to determine if a linear or nonlinear periodized resistance training program had a greater tendency to contribute to a state of overreaching over 8 weeks. Simple outcome measures were used in an effort to determine the onset of overreaching. These measures included average sleeping heart rate, standing broad jump, 10- yard dash, seated medicine ball throw, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, and 1RM bench press. The participants were 25 (18 female and 7 male) college students in the Kinesiology major at Western Washington University. Subjects were separated …