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Articles 1 - 30 of 128
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
An Exploration Of Factors That Impact Uptake Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines, David Samuel Redd
An Exploration Of Factors That Impact Uptake Of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines, David Samuel Redd
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction The discovery and continued development of vaccines is arguably one of the most important innovations in human history. Vaccination greatly reduces the worldwide incidence and transmission of diseases, preventing permanent injury and premature death. Mass vaccination campaigns have led to the eradication or partial eradication of severe infectious such as smallpox and polio, have reduced childhood mortality, and has led to an overall increase in average health in the human population globally. Despite the documented benefits of vaccination, vaccine hesitancy is increasing, and the uptake of some vaccines is low. Vaccines have been so successful at preventing disease that …
Improving Capture Methods For Neonate Ungulates, Matthew T. Turnley
Improving Capture Methods For Neonate Ungulates, Matthew T. Turnley
Theses and Dissertations
The capture of neonate ungulates has played an integral role in studies of habitat selection, phenology, survival, and other topics of ecological interest. However, neonates can be difficult for researchers to locate and capture. Neonate ungulates are born in habitats with reduced visibility, frequently spend time in a concealed, prone position, and may display cryptic coloration. In an attempt to improve researchers' likelihood of locating and capturing neonate ungulates, multiple capture methods have been developed. Much remains unknown about biases associated with capture methods and how to further improve capture methods once biases are understood. Our objectives were to determine …
Teacher Perceptions Of School Breakfast Programs In Utah, Emily Breanne Krueger
Teacher Perceptions Of School Breakfast Programs In Utah, Emily Breanne Krueger
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to identify differences in teacher perceptions of benefits, challenges, and preferences to different School Breakfast Program (SBP) service models. A survey instrument was developed, pilot tested, and then distributed electronically to K-12 teachers throughout the state of Utah, who were part of the Utah Education Association. Demographics and factors influencing SBP models in Utah were gathered. Frequencies and ANOVA tests were performed and a significance level of <0.01 was chosen to protect for multiple comparisons. Results indicated that traditional breakfast was the most preferred model with a mean score of 2.80 and breakfast in the classroom was the least preferred model by teachers with a mean of -1.32. Children not going hungry was identified as the greatest benefit (95.4%, n=352) to SBP and food waste was identified as the greatest challenge (45.8%, n=168). This study concluded that increased awareness and education amongst teachers regarding different models of SBP service could lead to increased efficiency, increased participation in SBP, decreased costs, decreased food waste, and increased academic performance and health benefits for students.
Assessing Phosphorus Sources With A Gis-Based Phosphorus Risk Index In A Mixed-Use, Montane Watershed, Josiah A. Johns
Assessing Phosphorus Sources With A Gis-Based Phosphorus Risk Index In A Mixed-Use, Montane Watershed, Josiah A. Johns
Theses and Dissertations
Elevated phosphorus (P) loading of freshwater lakes and reservoirs often results in poor water quality and negative ecological effects. Critical source areas (CSA) of P in the watershed can be difficult to identify and control. A useful concept for identification of a CSA is the P risk index (P Index) that evaluates the P risk associated with distinct source and transport pathways. The objectives of this study were to create a GIS model that adapts the Minnesota (MN) P Index for use at the watershed scale in a mixed-use, mountain environment, and to evaluate its effectiveness relative to field-based assessment. …
Assessing Phosphorus Sources With Synoptic Sampling In The Surface Waters Of A Mixed-Use, Montane Watershed, Austin Willis Pearce
Assessing Phosphorus Sources With Synoptic Sampling In The Surface Waters Of A Mixed-Use, Montane Watershed, Austin Willis Pearce
Theses and Dissertations
Few elements in surface waters are monitored as closely as phosphorus (P) due to its role in the eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. Limiting P mobilization from source areas is, therefore, a central goal of water quality protection plans. But the work of locating sources in mixed-use watersheds is challenged by the spatial and temporal variability of critical source areas (CSAs) of P. Synoptic sampling is a proven method for capturing the spatial variation of water quality parameters in surface waters, though it's not often used to track temporal dynamics across the same study area. Phosphorus fractionation is an …
Characterization Of Five Brevibacillus Bacteriophages And Their Genomes, Michael Allen Sheflo
Characterization Of Five Brevibacillus Bacteriophages And Their Genomes, Michael Allen Sheflo
Theses and Dissertations
Brevibacillus laterosporus (B. laterosporus) is a pathogen difficult to distinguish from Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae), and contributes to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) of honeybees. To develop a biocontrol agent to limit its presence, bacteriophages were isolated from Utah County soil samples and used to infect B. laterosporus isolated from Utah County honey and larvae samples. Since CCD is prevalent in Utah beehives, bacteriophage that infect and lyse B. laterosporus may be isolated and characterized. Pathogens were isolated from soil samples, and 16S rRNA gene tests initially identified the strains as P. larvae. Bacteriophages were isolated, purified, and amplified sufficiently to …
A Study Of The American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) In Utah: An Analysis Of The Post-Denning Activities And Bear-Human Conflict, Julie Ann Miller
A Study Of The American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus) In Utah: An Analysis Of The Post-Denning Activities And Bear-Human Conflict, Julie Ann Miller
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined two different aspects of black bear (Ursus americanus) ecology in Utah. First, we determined the post-denning behaviors of female black bears in order to help management agencies protect bears from human disturbances as well as set spring hunts that minimize the taking of females with dependent young. We looked at the timing of den emergence (X = 25 March), the number of days at the den site post emergence (X = 11 days), and departure (X = 8 April) for female black bears in Utah from 2011—2013. We also analyzed the effects of cohort (lone …
Variable Palatability Of Quaking Aspen For Large Ungulate Herbivores, Patrice Alexa Nielson
Variable Palatability Of Quaking Aspen For Large Ungulate Herbivores, Patrice Alexa Nielson
Theses and Dissertations
Aspen is a key resource in the Rocky Mountain Region for wildlife forage and habitat, lumber products, scenery, and plays important roles in fire ecology and hydrological processes. There is evidence of aspen decline over much of the Intermountain West for approximately 100 years. In Dixie and Fishlake National Forests, UT, aspen distribution has decreased by nearly half. Causes of this decline are not well understood, although wildlife browsing by ungulates has been implicated as playing a major role. The objective of this research was to examine what soil or plant factors might be involved in wildlife browse choice in …
Investigation Of Potential Trapping Bias In Malaise Traps Due To Mesh Gauge, In Two Habitats, David Jensen Betts
Investigation Of Potential Trapping Bias In Malaise Traps Due To Mesh Gauge, In Two Habitats, David Jensen Betts
Theses and Dissertations
Malaise traps are a common tool for collecting insects used by many researchers. Although there have been variations in the models and materials used for Malaise traps, the potential for sampling bias due to mesh gague has been explored inadequately. This study compared coarse and fine mesh Townes model Malaise traps in two habitats on the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. The two habitats next to the Lick Wash trailhead were defined by dominant vegetation type – sagebrush and grasses or Piñon-Juniper. We collected from three sites per habitat type, over three consecutive days in June in both 2006 and 2007. …
Diet Reconstruction Of Wild Rio-Grande Turkey Of Central Utah Using Stable Isotope Analysis, Benjamin D. Stearns
Diet Reconstruction Of Wild Rio-Grande Turkey Of Central Utah Using Stable Isotope Analysis, Benjamin D. Stearns
Theses and Dissertations
The wild turkey is endemic to North America and has played a role in human cultures past and present. However, with the turkey's elusive behavior some aspects of its ecology are challenging to understand. Diet is one of these difficult aspects to study. The purpose of this study was to determine the diet selection of wild turkeys in central Utah using non invasive stable isotope technology. We hypothesize that turkey diet is highly specific, that consumption of specific plant species correlates with the needs of the individual turkey, and that stable isotope analysis will reveal patterns in annual dietary intake. …
Metabolic Effect Of Three Protein Levels In The Nutrition Of Alpacas (Lama Pacus) In The Experimental Station Of Brigham Young University, Rolando Freddy Uruña Tito
Metabolic Effect Of Three Protein Levels In The Nutrition Of Alpacas (Lama Pacus) In The Experimental Station Of Brigham Young University, Rolando Freddy Uruña Tito
Theses and Dissertations
This study had the principal objective of evaluating the metabolic effect of three protein levels in the nutrition of Alpacas (Lama pacus) in the experimental stations of Brigham Young University, located in the city of Provo, Utah, U.S.A at an altitude of 13696 m.a.s.l., and geographically located at 40°12’ north latitude, and 111°43’ west longitude. The climatic characteristics of the state of Utah, particularly in the city of Provo, during the current season registered the following: 4°C of minimum average temperature, 11.4°C of an average mean temperature, and 19°C of maximum average temperature, 55% of relative humidity, and a mean …
Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss
Forage Adaptability Trials For Forage And Seed Production In Bolivia; Effect Of 5 Herbicides On 7 Native Utah Forbs, Joshua C. Voss
Theses and Dissertations
The harsh environmental and poor economic conditions of the Bolivian Altiplano require intervention to assist many of those that live there to become economically self-sufficient. We attempted to find introduced dry season reserve forage grasses that could produce enough biomass to be useful as feed for livestock, and that could also produce enough seed to distribute to farmers. While some of the grasses produced reasonable amounts of biomass, none produced seed in quantities that would be even close to being economically viable. The most likely cause of this is that the timing of resources that the grasses need to flower …
The Level And Determinants Of Burnout Of Mormon Mothers In A Utah Suburban Town, Christina Mordock
The Level And Determinants Of Burnout Of Mormon Mothers In A Utah Suburban Town, Christina Mordock
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine burnout in Mormon mothers in a suburban Utah town. Specifically the amount and some determinants of burnout among these Mormon women was studied. A random sample of 266 Mormon mothers completed a questionnaire and a modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which consisted of three subscales, (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment), and two categories in each subscale (Frequency and Intensity). The subjects scored in the moderately burned out category in each subscale. Significant relationships were found between the amount of burnout and the following: the age of the mother, …
The Development And Failure Of Historic Agricultural Communities Of Utah: A Case Study Of Johns Valley, Utah, Wayne R. Shelley
The Development And Failure Of Historic Agricultural Communities Of Utah: A Case Study Of Johns Valley, Utah, Wayne R. Shelley
Theses and Dissertations
Many agricultural communities have developed in Utah since the first settlement, but many no longer exist today. Some of these early communities experienced a "boom and bust," while others struggled for several years and were eventually abandoned. Johns Valley is a good example of these historic communities, as it experienced rapid growth and times of success and prosperity, yet it struggled and was eventually abandoned.
The situation in Johns Valley, from its early settlement to its demise, demonstrates the hope of the people who settled there and their efforts to make Johns Valley a productive and successful area. History also …
Aspects Of Bald Eagle Winter Behavior In Rush Valley Utah: A Telemetry Study, Neil B. Sabine
Aspects Of Bald Eagle Winter Behavior In Rush Valley Utah: A Telemetry Study, Neil B. Sabine
Theses and Dissertations
The diurnal behavior and nocturnal roosting patterns of 28 bald eagles outfitted with tail-mounted radios were investigated in Rush Valley, Utah between January and March 1982-1984. Casting analysis and feeding observations indicated the principal food source was jackrabbit carrion. Jackrabbit availability declined from 1982 to 1984 and eagles responded by; 1) roosting closer to feeding sites, 2) shifting from canyon to valley roosts, 3) arriving later at and departing earlier from roosts, 4) decreasing diurnal activity, and 5) decreasing residence time. Foraging efficiency appeared to be maximized by experienced eagles using familiar feeding areas and by naive birds monitoring their …
Assessment Of Influence That The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Has On Exercise Habit Of Members Living In Utah County, Gary L. Preston
Assessment Of Influence That The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Has On Exercise Habit Of Members Living In Utah County, Gary L. Preston
Theses and Dissertations
This study identified and analyzed the influence the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had on the decision of 309 respondents to exercise. The data obtained from the questionaires were analyzed using chi-square to compare males and females. Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were justified: women were more influenced by the LDS Church to exercise than men; LDS males and females exercised more than average American adults; walking, jogging, and aerobic dance were the most popular choices of LDS exercisers; and, there is a need to improve the awareness of LDS members concerning the Physical …
Environmental Interaction In Summer Algal Communities Of Utah Lake, Mark C. Whiting
Environmental Interaction In Summer Algal Communities Of Utah Lake, Mark C. Whiting
Theses and Dissertations
Utah Lake is a shallow eutrophic lake located in central Utah. It is characterized by high nutrient and silt loads and by large algal blooms in late summer and early fall. Phytoplankton samples and environmental data were taken from June through August 1974. Phytoplankton species were identified and then quantified in a Palmer counting cell. Environmental continuum theory was employed to describe algal succession and regression analysis was used to discover interactions between algal communities and the environment. Phytoplankton communities in June were characterized by high species diversity. As the lake environment became stressed in late summer due to higher …
Certain Edaphic And Biotic Factors Affecting Vegetation In The Shadscale Community Of The Kaiparowits Area, Vane Orlan Campbell
Certain Edaphic And Biotic Factors Affecting Vegetation In The Shadscale Community Of The Kaiparowits Area, Vane Orlan Campbell
Theses and Dissertations
A study area on the southern extensions of the Great Basin cold desert (Kaiparowits Basin, Utah) was selected which has had varying amounts of disturbance. Areas with similar slope and exposure in the Shadscale community were sampled. At each site, soil samples were collected and percent sand, percent clay, percent silt, soluble salts, and hydrogen ion concentrations were measured. Cluster analysis based on percent frequency of the perennial species showed that eight groups or sub-communities were definable within the area sampled. Patterns within the vegetation were shown to be independent with the use of cluster analysis. Discriminant analysis on soil …
Effect Of Altitude On The Peripheral Degradation Of Thyroxine In The Uinta Ground Squirrel (Citellus Armatus), Stuart K. Ware
Effect Of Altitude On The Peripheral Degradation Of Thyroxine In The Uinta Ground Squirrel (Citellus Armatus), Stuart K. Ware
Theses and Dissertations
Various methods were employed to detect changes in the peripheral degradation of thyroxine (T4) in adult Uinta ground squirrels (Citellus armatus) collected at two different altitudes (5400 and 9000 feet.) Plasma half-life of injected T4-125I (tl/2) was significantly decreased with altitude, as was T4-125I distribution space (TDS) and T4 degradation and secretion rate (TSR). In vitro deiodination of T4-125I by heart homogenates was not affected, while urinary excretion of thyroxine derived iodide was increased at high altitude 44-70 hours post-injection. Both total and free serum T4 concentrations were reduced at high altitude, although not significantly. The cause of the reduced …
The Cryptogamic Flora Of Desert Soil Crusts In Southern Utah, Davic C. Anderson
The Cryptogamic Flora Of Desert Soil Crusts In Southern Utah, Davic C. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
The cryptogamic flora of several soil crusts of arid regions in southern Utah was determined. Twenty-two lichens, Six mosses and fifty-four algal species were identified and their relative abundance estimated.
The Incidence And Life Cycle Of Diplostomum Spathaceum In Utah, R. Scott Evans
The Incidence And Life Cycle Of Diplostomum Spathaceum In Utah, R. Scott Evans
Theses and Dissertations
Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolfi 1819), (Diplostomidae) the fish eye fluke which causes the disease diplostomatosis, was reported in Utah by the Division of Wildlife Resources in 1974. Previous to this date diplostomatosis was suspected to occur in three reservoirs in the state. Diplostomatosis, whi.ch is due to the presence of the metacercarial stage of this parasite, causes cataracts of the lens. The incidence of the disease in Utah has generated public and academic concern.
Modeling Studies Of Small Mammal Trapping Phenology, And Plant Succession In The Kaiparowits Region, Kane County, Utah, James A. Raines
Modeling Studies Of Small Mammal Trapping Phenology, And Plant Succession In The Kaiparowits Region, Kane County, Utah, James A. Raines
Theses and Dissertations
This study makes use of simple statistical models which may be manipulated for projection of changes in the Kaiparowits Region of Southern Utah. A method of determining habitat preferences of small rodents from capture-recapture trapping data is proposed. It is suggested that some aspects of animal behavior regarding trapping may also be explained. Timing of flowering of Oryzopsis hymenoides and Hilaria jamesii as related to enviromental conditions was investigated, and models of the requisite conditions proposed. It is suggested that similar models may be used to describe the timing of other phenological events. Succession on disturbed sites is considered to …
Ecological Investigations In Cercocarpus Ledifolius Nutt. Communities Of Utah, James Newton Davis
Ecological Investigations In Cercocarpus Ledifolius Nutt. Communities Of Utah, James Newton Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Cercocarpus ledifolius communities of Utah were sampled to determine which measured environmental characters were influential in determining community structure and dynamics. Nineteen, one-tenth acre stands were sampled by 25 equally spaced .25m2 quadrats. Plant frequency, cover, density, height, diameter, age, elevation, slope and exposure were determined for curl-leaf mahogany within the study area. Soil depth and soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH and soluble salts. Curl-leaf mahogany is found almost entirely on arid rocky slopes, canyon ledges, and plateaus at relatively high elevations on all exposures. The soils were invariably shallow and slightly acidic with sandy loam soils being …
A Revision Of The Genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) For The State Of Utah, Margaret Doherty Palmieri
A Revision Of The Genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae) For The State Of Utah, Margaret Doherty Palmieri
Theses and Dissertations
This study is a taxonomic revision of the genus Ranunculus for Utah. Twenty-five species and 4 varieties are recognized, and are separated by means of a comprehensive key. A list of pertinent synonyms and types, a morphological description, habitat preference and a discussion are presented for each species and variety. Distribution maps and photographs are included. The basis of this study has been morphological comparison of herbarium specimens and collections and observations by the author throughout Utah.
Effect Of Supplemental Food On Population Estimates And Mortality Rates Of Desert Rodents In Utah, J. Steven Thiriot
Effect Of Supplemental Food On Population Estimates And Mortality Rates Of Desert Rodents In Utah, J. Steven Thiriot
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research is to assess the effects of various quantities of supplemental food (seed) on population estimates and mortality rates of desert rodents . The supplemental food is meant to stimulate natural vegetational productivity. If food availability significantly affects the population parameters methods of population estimators previously used may be in error. Hopefully this study will aid small mannnal research by designating whether, in part, population estimates and mortality rates are in error because of high vegetational productivity. The hypothesis of this study is that supplemental food in the natural environment decreases population estimates and mortality rates …
Timpanogos Flora, Kelly W. Allred
Timpanogos Flora, Kelly W. Allred
Theses and Dissertations
A comprehensive floristic study of Mt. Timpanogos, Utah County, Utah, was undertaken. The Mt. Timpanogos area is a much used facility in recreation, biology, watershed development, livestock management, and education. It is also representative of a major segment of the overall flora of Utah. This study adds to the ever-increading knowledge of the flora of Utah, and provides a means of identifying the flora of this region, which is basic to any future management.
Chemotaxonomical Comparison Of Astragalus Megacarpus, Astragalus Beckwithii, And Astragalus Oophorus In Utah, Marzilla Wright Anderson
Chemotaxonomical Comparison Of Astragalus Megacarpus, Astragalus Beckwithii, And Astragalus Oophorus In Utah, Marzilla Wright Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
This investigation was concerned with the taxonomic relationship between Astragalus beckwithii (Torr. & Gray) var. beckwithii, Astragalus oophorus (S. Wats) var. caulescens (Jones) Jones, and Astragalus megacarpus (A. Gray). An attempt was made to relate some chemical constituents and the toxic effects on rats to the taxonomy. A number of parameters were used; rat toxicity, lipid analysis, selenium atomic absorption, various salts and glucose percentages, as well as the usual morphological measurements taken from herbarium specimens, field observations, and pollen measurements. While the weight of the data indicates that A. beckwithii is a type of intermediary or intergressory product of …
Ecology Of The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo Regalis) In Central Utah Population Dynamics And Nest Site Selection, Neil D. Woffinden
Ecology Of The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo Regalis) In Central Utah Population Dynamics And Nest Site Selection, Neil D. Woffinden
Theses and Dissertations
Research was conducted to determine the effect of prey numbers on the nesting success of the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis). Conditions associated with nest site selection were also established. Frequent visits were made to active nests to determine clutch sizes, hatching dates and fledging success. Prey remains were collected from nests and analyzed. Kilometer square transects were made throughout the study area in 1974 to determine jackrabbit densities. A drastic decline in numbers of Ferruginous Hawks occurred. The number of young fledged also declined throughout the study while nestling mortality increased. Jackrabbit numbers were high in 1972 and then declined …
Manual Of The Flora Of The East Tintic Mountains, Utah, Glen T. Nebeker
Manual Of The Flora Of The East Tintic Mountains, Utah, Glen T. Nebeker
Theses and Dissertations
The study of the East Tintic Mountains was undertaken because no extensive research concerning the plant species present has ever been done. The East Tintic Mountains are in central Utah in Juab, Utah and Tooele Counties. They are about fifty five air miles south-southwest of Salt Lake City. The range is approximately forty two miles long and from one and one-half miles to twelve miles wide. An attempt was made to collect representatives of all vascular plants found on the mountain range. This work presents two hundred and eleven species, representing fifty two families.
Use Of Selected Macroinvertebrates As Indicators Of Sedimentation Effects On Huntington River, Utah, Michael Kenneth Reichert
Use Of Selected Macroinvertebrates As Indicators Of Sedimentation Effects On Huntington River, Utah, Michael Kenneth Reichert
Theses and Dissertations
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities of Huntington River, Emery County, Utah were studied to determine effects of sedimentation from construction of Electric Lake Dam, a state highway, and two bridges. Approximately 900 benthic samples were collected from riffle areas above, in, and below the construction zone from January, 1971 to December, 1973. Two settling basins below construction sites were effective in limiting scouring of downstream communities. Heavy silt deposition was limited to a 1-km stream reach. Number of indicators, density, and biomass were reduced in the construction zone during periods of sediment input. During periods of scouring, density and biomass were reduced; …