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Articles 1 - 30 of 123
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Bivalve Molluscs: Barometers Of Climate Change In Arctic Marine Systems, Roger Mann, Daphne M. Munroe, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hoffmann, John M. Klinck
Bivalve Molluscs: Barometers Of Climate Change In Arctic Marine Systems, Roger Mann, Daphne M. Munroe, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hoffmann, John M. Klinck
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Bivalve mollusks store a complete history of their life in the growth lines in their valves. Through sclerochronology, in combination with isotope signatures, it is possible to reconstruct both post-recruitment growth history at the individual level and commensurate environmental records of temperature and salinity. Growth patterns are integrators of local primary productivity; spatial and temporal changes in growth illustrate commensurate patterns of food availability. Mactrid clams are long-lived, benthic dominant species found on inner continental shelves throughout the Northern Hemisphere where they variously support major fisheries (Spisula solidissima in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Mactromeris polynyma in eastern Canada, Spisula sachalinensis …
Ecological Role Of Blue Catfish In Chesapeake Bay Communities And Implications For Management, Ryan W. Schloesser, Mary C. Fabrizio, Robert J. Latour, Greg C. Garman, Bob Greenlee, Mary Groves, James Gartland
Ecological Role Of Blue Catfish In Chesapeake Bay Communities And Implications For Management, Ryan W. Schloesser, Mary C. Fabrizio, Robert J. Latour, Greg C. Garman, Bob Greenlee, Mary Groves, James Gartland
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Rapid increase in abundance and expanded distribution of introduced blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus populations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have raised regional management concerns. This study uses information from multiple surveys to examine expansion of blue catfish populations and document their role in tidal river communities. Originally stocked in the James, York, and Rappahannock River systems for development of commercial and recreational fisheries, blue catfish have now been documented in adjacent rivers and have expanded their within-river distribution to oligo- and mesohaline environments. Range expansions coincided with periods of peak abundance in 1996 and 2003 and with the concurrent decline …
Six Fish And 600,000 Thirsty Folks—A Fishing Moratorium On American Shad Thwarts A Controversial Municipal Reservoir Project In Virginia, Usa, J. E. Olney, Donna M. Bilkovic, Carl Hershner, Lyle M. Varnell, Harry V. Wang, Roger L. Mann
Six Fish And 600,000 Thirsty Folks—A Fishing Moratorium On American Shad Thwarts A Controversial Municipal Reservoir Project In Virginia, Usa, J. E. Olney, Donna M. Bilkovic, Carl Hershner, Lyle M. Varnell, Harry V. Wang, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Moratoria on fishing directly impact fishers, distributors and marketers of product and can have serious socio-economic implications. Moratoria can impact communities but usually populations closely linked to the banned activity. In an unprecedented example, a moratorium on fishing in Virginia has directly impacted a nonfishing citizenry by thwarting plans for a public utility. In May 2003, a panel empowered to regulate marine resources denied permission to withdraw raw water from a pristine freshwater river, the Mattaponi. The controversial action spoiled a multi-million dollar plan to establish the King William Reservoir, a water source considered essential to future growth and development …
Landscape-Level Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Chesapeake Bay Benthos And Their Predators, Rochelle D. Seitz, Amanda S. Lawless
Landscape-Level Impacts Of Shoreline Development On Chesapeake Bay Benthos And Their Predators, Rochelle D. Seitz, Amanda S. Lawless
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Within the coastal zone, waterfront development has caused severe loss of shallow-water habitats such as salt marshes and seagrass beds. Little is known about the impact of habitat degradation and ecological value of subtidal shallow-water habitats, despite their prevalence. In coastal habitats, bivalves are dominant benthic organisms that can comprise over 50% of benthic prey biomass and are indicative of benthic production. We examined the effects of shoreline alteration in shallow habitats by contrasting the benthos of the subtidal areas adjacent to natural marsh, riprap, and bulkhead shorelines in three Chesapeake Bay subestuaries that differ in the level of shoreline …
Mycobacterial Infections In Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Delaware Bay, Christopher A. Ottinger, J. Jed Brown, Et Al, Martha Rhodes, Howard Kator, David T. Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Mycobacterial Infections In Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Delaware Bay, Christopher A. Ottinger, J. Jed Brown, Et Al, Martha Rhodes, Howard Kator, David T. Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Much of what is known of mycobacteriosis in wild striped bass from the mid-Atlantic region of the United States is based on our observations from Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, where high infection prevalence and lesioned fish are frequently observed. Comparatively, the occurrence and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass from watersheds adjacent to Chesapeake Bay are relatively unknown. This study represents the first report on mycobacterial infection in striped bass harvested from two sites in Delaware Bay.
Epizootic Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass: What Is The Fate Of Infected Fish?, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, John M. Hoenig, David T. Gauthier
Epizootic Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass: What Is The Fate Of Infected Fish?, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, John M. Hoenig, David T. Gauthier
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay, USA, are currently experiencing an epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Visceral disease prevalence in resident fish exceeds 50% and prevalence of skin ulcers can exceed 30% in some areas. Two primary hypotheses regarding emergence of this chronic bacterial disease propose that anthropogenic stressors constitute important underlying modulating factors
The Ecology Of Mycobacteria Infecting Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In Chesapeake Bay: A Research Plan, Howard Kator, Martha Rhodes, David Gauthier
The Ecology Of Mycobacteria Infecting Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In Chesapeake Bay: A Research Plan, Howard Kator, Martha Rhodes, David Gauthier
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The ecology of mycobacteria in estuarine and marine waters remains poorly understood. The current epizootic in Chesapeake Bay striped bass and newly described pathogens Mycobacterium shottsii and M. pseudoshottsii raise ecological questions that if answered can improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of mycobacteriosis in this fish species.
Epizootiology Of Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis): Large-Scale Field Survey, David T. Gauthier, Robert Latour, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Epizootiology Of Mycobacteriosis In Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis): Large-Scale Field Survey, David T. Gauthier, Robert Latour, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Striped bass in Virginia and Maryland waters of Chesapeake Bay are experiencing an ongoing epizootic of mycobacteriosis. Visceral disease prevalence exceeding 50% has been reported in several locations by various authors, and skin lesion prevalence exceeding 30% has been observed. The high prevalence of skin lesions observed in Chesapeake Bay striped bass is unusual and has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously in wild fishes.
Introduction: Management Of Sharks And Their Relatives (Elasmobranchii), John A. Musick
Introduction: Management Of Sharks And Their Relatives (Elasmobranchii), John A. Musick
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
This publication describes the scientific principles and techniques used for resource management of elasrnobranch fisheries with emphasis on the particular context of elasmobranchs. The management characteristics of these fishes are described - their common bycatch character and their biological constraints on productivity (low growth rate, late maturity and Tow fecundity). Stock assessment of elasrnobranchs is described in the context of rnanagement objectives in a wide management context. Special attention is given to accurate species identification given the prevalent aggregating of landings data across species, genera and often families in this group. Techniques and experiences for tagging elasmobranchs for population estimation …
Shark Utilization, John A. Musick
Shark Utilization, John A. Musick
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Sharks and their relatives provide a multitude of usable products including: meat, fins, liver, skin, cartilage and jaws and teeth. Unfortunately, tens of millions of sharks taken in fisheries each year have their fins removed and their carcasses discarded overboard (Fowler and Musick, 2002). This practice, called finning, represents a considerable waste as the fins on average make up only about 5 % of the total weight of a shark (Vannuccini, 1999). Such waste is contrary to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (Article 7.2.2 (g)) which stresses the importance of avoiding …
Mortality Estimation, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Ramon Bonfil, Robert J. Latour
Mortality Estimation, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Ramon Bonfil, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Mortality is an essential parameter in understanding the dynamics of any population and sharks are no exception. Without knowledge of how fast individuals are removed from a population it is impossible to model the population dynamics or estimate sustainable rates of exploitation or other useful management parameters.
Tagging Methods And Associated Data Analysis, Robert J. Latour
Tagging Methods And Associated Data Analysis, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Tagging methods have a long history of use as tools to study animal populations. Although the first attempts to mark an animal occurred sometime between 218 and 201 B.C. (a Roman officer tied a note describing plans for military action to the leg of a swallow and when the bird was released it returned to its nest, which was in close proxiD?ity to the military outpost in need of the information), it is uncertain when fish :"ere first marked (McFarlane, Wydoski and Prince, 1990). An early report published 1? The_ Comp/eat Angler in 1653 by Isaak Walton described how private …
Constraints On Sustainable Marine Fisheries In The United States: A Look At The Record, John A. Musick, Julia K. Ellis
Constraints On Sustainable Marine Fisheries In The United States: A Look At The Record, John A. Musick, Julia K. Ellis
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The factors that may either constrain or contribute to sustainable marine fisheries were examined by reviewing and analyzing the history and current status of several U.S. fisheries. Among major factors under consideration are inherent vulnerability (vulnerability in some species is high because of low intrinsic rates of increase and/or naturally infrequent recruitment); environmental degradation (fisheries may collapse because of anthropogenic habitat destruction); availability of data (information necessary co conduce accurate stock assessments may be inadequate for some species); quality of the scientific advice (inappropriate models or scientifically inaccurate assessments may be used); and effectiveness of management decisions (managers may disregard …
Tradeable Property Rights And Overcapacity: The Case Of The Fishery, Dale Squires, Yongil Jeon, R. Quentin Grafton, James E. Kirkley
Tradeable Property Rights And Overcapacity: The Case Of The Fishery, Dale Squires, Yongil Jeon, R. Quentin Grafton, James E. Kirkley
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
In fisheries, overcapacity is a critical problem that reduces rents and jeopardizes the sustainability of stocks. Using data from the British Columbia (BC) halibut fishery, before and after tradeable property rights were adopted in the harvesting sector, the paper tests for the effects of private rights on capacity and capacity utilization. The results indicate that tradeable property rights can be effective, even in the short-term, at reducing capacity per vessel per day and provide incentives to help overcome the "Tragedy of the Commons".
Capacity And Capacity Utilization In Fishing Industries, James E. Kirkley, Dale Squires
Capacity And Capacity Utilization In Fishing Industries, James E. Kirkley, Dale Squires
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The definition and measurement of capacity in fishing and other natural resource industries possess unique problems because of the stock-flow production technology, in which inputs are applied to the natural resource stock to produce a flow of output. In addition, there are often multiple resource stocks, corresponding to different species, with a mobile stock of capital that can exploit one or more of these stocks. In turn, this leads to three unique issues: (1) multiple stocks of capital and the resource; (2) that of aggregation or how to define the industry and resource stocks to consider; and (3), that of …
Measures Of Capacity In A Multispecies Danish Fishery, Neils Vestergaard, Dale Squires, James E. Kirkley
Measures Of Capacity In A Multispecies Danish Fishery, Neils Vestergaard, Dale Squires, James E. Kirkley
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Different measures of capacity utilization (CU) are applied to the Danish Gillnet fleet using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The potential capacity output is found using the output-orientated measure. The CU measures are the partial capacity utilization measure and the Ray measure (DEA measure). The average CU of the Danish Gillnet fleet was found to be between 0.85 and 0.95 depending on the measure used. Since the Danish Gillnet fleet participates in a multispecies fishery regulated by TACs (output) the excess capacity was also found for each species. The results show higher excess capacity for cod and sole than …
Capacity And Offshore Fisheries Development: The Malaysian Purse Seine Fishery, James E. Kirkley, Dale Squires, Mohammad Ferdous Alam, Ishak Haji Omar
Capacity And Offshore Fisheries Development: The Malaysian Purse Seine Fishery, James E. Kirkley, Dale Squires, Mohammad Ferdous Alam, Ishak Haji Omar
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Many developing countries pursue offshore fisheries development strategies to increase protein supply, expand employment, earn foreign exchange, and militate the conflict between large- and small-scale fisheries over the inshore resource stocks. This study evaluates the economic success of Peninsular Malaysia's offshore fisheries development policy for the west coast purse seine fleet, finding it has largely succeeded on economic grounds
Assessing Capacity And Capacity Utilization In Fisheries When Data Are Limited, James E. Kirkley, Rolf Fare, Shawna Grosskopf, Kenneth Mcconnell, Dale E. Squires, Ivar Strand
Assessing Capacity And Capacity Utilization In Fisheries When Data Are Limited, James E. Kirkley, Rolf Fare, Shawna Grosskopf, Kenneth Mcconnell, Dale E. Squires, Ivar Strand
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Excess capacity is globally recognized by resource managers as a major problem for fisheries. Yet, the concept of capacity remains vague, ill-defined, and often ambiguous. Presently, measuring capacity and capacity utilization in fisheries has become more important or of greater public concern than ever because of various national and international agreements or policies to reduce capacity in fisheries throughout the world. In this study, we propose data envelopment analysis (DEA) as one method that may be used to calculate a production-oriented measure of capacity. We conclude that although the DEA approach is limited and does not provide measures of capacity …
The Seagrasses Of The Mid-Atlantic Coast Of The United States, E. W. Koch, R. J. Orth
The Seagrasses Of The Mid-Atlantic Coast Of The United States, E. W. Koch, R. J. Orth
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The mid-Atlantic region of the United States includes four states: Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina. It is characterized by numerous estuaries and barrier- island coastal lagoons with expansive salt marshes and seagrass beds in most shallow-water areas. There are no rocky shores . Hard substrates are either man-made [rock jetties and riprap or wood pilings) or biogeniclly generated [oyster and worm reefs). Sediments are predominantly quartz sand in shallow exposed areas with finer grain sediments in deeper or well-protected areas . Marsh peat outcroppings or cohesive sediments are sometimes found in the subtidal areas adjacent to eroding marshes. Climatic …
Hsp70 Levels In Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Exposed To Cadmium Sorbed To Algal Food And Suspended Clay Particles, Luis A. Cruz-Rodriguez, Fu-Lin E. Chu
Hsp70 Levels In Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Exposed To Cadmium Sorbed To Algal Food And Suspended Clay Particles, Luis A. Cruz-Rodriguez, Fu-Lin E. Chu
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Sea Turtles, John A. Musick
Sea Turtles, John A. Musick
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution of sea turtles.
Tapertails, John E. Olney
Tapertails, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Ribbonfishes, John E. Olney
Ribbonfishes, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Pearlfishes, John E. Olney
Pearlfishes, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Tubefishes, John E. Olney
Tubefishes, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Crestfishes, John E. Olney
Crestfishes, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Oarfishes, John E. Olney
Oarfishes, John E. Olney
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Description, keys, habitat and distribution.
Infection And Mortality Studies With Hematodinium Perezi In Blue Crabs, Jeffrey D. Schields
Infection And Mortality Studies With Hematodinium Perezi In Blue Crabs, Jeffrey D. Schields
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, from the Delmarva Peninsula experience recurring epizootics of a pathogenic dinoflag ellate. The parasite, Hematodinium perezi , fulminates in late summer and autumn causing significant mortalities in high salinity embayments and estuaries. Mortality rates during epizootics a re difficult to estimate because dead crabs quickly deteriorate. Host mortality was investigated in naturally- and experimentally-infected crabs. Detection of the parasite, its proliferation in the hemolymph, and distribution in lower Chesapeake Bay were also examined. The dinoflagellate was highly pathogenic, killing 100% of naturally infected crabs, and 86% of inoculated crabs over 35 and 4 0 days, respectively. …
Efficacy Of Blue Crab Spawning Sanctuaries In Chesapeake Bay, Rochelle D. Seitz, Romauld N. Lipcius, William T. Stockhausen, Marcel M. Montane
Efficacy Of Blue Crab Spawning Sanctuaries In Chesapeake Bay, Rochelle D. Seitz, Romauld N. Lipcius, William T. Stockhausen, Marcel M. Montane
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Sanctuaries can potentially protect a significant fraction of the spawning stock, and thereby sustain heavily exploited populations. Despite the worldwide use of marine and estuarine spawning sanctuaries, the effectiveness of such sanctuaries remains untested. We therefore attempted to quantify the effectiveness of the spawning sanctuaries for adult female blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in Chesapeake Bay. We used baywide winter dredge survey data to estimate the potential spawning stock prior to the major exploitation period, and summer trawl survey data to estimate spawning stock abundance within the Lower Bay Spawning Sanctuary and adjacent Bayside Eastern Shore Sanctuary during the reproductive period. …
A Deepwater Dispersal Corridor For Adult Female Blue Crabs In Chesapeake Bay, Romuald N. Lipcius, Rochelle D. Seitz, William J. Goldsborough, Marcel M. Montane, William T. Stockhausen
A Deepwater Dispersal Corridor For Adult Female Blue Crabs In Chesapeake Bay, Romuald N. Lipcius, Rochelle D. Seitz, William J. Goldsborough, Marcel M. Montane, William T. Stockhausen
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
In marine ecosystems, there is no empirical evidence for the utility of dispersal corridors in conservation, despite widespread migrations by mammals, fish, and invertebrates. We investigated the potential for a deepwater dispersal corridor (> 13 m depths) in protecting adult females of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, en route from shallow-water nursery and mating areas to the spawning sanctuary in lower Chesapeake Bay.