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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Short-Term Hooking Mortality Of Summer Flounder In New York And Virginia, Mark H. Malchoff, Jon A. Lucy
Short-Term Hooking Mortality Of Summer Flounder In New York And Virginia, Mark H. Malchoff, Jon A. Lucy
Reports
No abstract provided.
Organic Carbon Partitioning During Spring Phytoplankton Blooms In The Ross Sea Polynya And The Sargasso Sea, C.A. Carlson, Hugh Ducklow, Da Hansell, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Organic Carbon Partitioning During Spring Phytoplankton Blooms In The Ross Sea Polynya And The Sargasso Sea, C.A. Carlson, Hugh Ducklow, Da Hansell, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
In this study we evaluate the partitioning of organic carbon between the particulate and dissolved pools during spring phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and the Sargasso Sea. As part of a multidisciplinary project in the Ross Sea polynya we investigated the dynamics of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool and the role it played in the carbon cycle during the 1994 spring phytoplankton bloom. Phytoplankton biomass during the bloom was dominated by an Antarctic Phaeocystis sp. We determined primary productivity (PP; via H14CO3, incubations), particulate organic carbon (POC), bacterial productivity (BP; via [3H]thymidine incorporation), and DOC during two …
Application Of A Tidal Prism Water Quality Model To Virginia Small Coastal Basins: Poquoson River, Piankatank River, Cherrystone Inlet And Hungars Creek, Albert Y. Kuo, Arthur J. Butt, Sung-Chan Kim, Jing Lin
Application Of A Tidal Prism Water Quality Model To Virginia Small Coastal Basins: Poquoson River, Piankatank River, Cherrystone Inlet And Hungars Creek, Albert Y. Kuo, Arthur J. Butt, Sung-Chan Kim, Jing Lin
Reports
No abstract provided.
A Comparison Of Size Selectivity And Relative Efficiency Of Sea Scallop Trawls And Dredges, David Rudders, William D. Dupaul, James E. Kirkley
A Comparison Of Size Selectivity And Relative Efficiency Of Sea Scallop Trawls And Dredges, David Rudders, William D. Dupaul, James E. Kirkley
Reports
No abstract provided.
On The Frequency Of Eusociality In Snapping Shrimps (Decapoda : Alpheidae), With Description Of A Second Eusocial Species, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
Recently, the Caribbean snapping shrimp Synalpheus regalis was shown to be eusocial by the criteria historically used for honeybees, ants, and termites, i.e., colonies contain a single reproducing female and a large number of non-breeding "workers." This finding prompted a reexamination of several previously puzzling reports of unusual population structures in other Synalpheus species. New collections, and observations made by students of this genus over the last century, suggest that several sponge-dwelling Synalpheus species similarly exhibit overlapping generations and monopolization of reproduction by a few individuals, and thus that these species may also be eusocial according to classical entomological criteria. …
Perkinsus Marinus Tissue Distribution And Seasonal Variation In Oysters Crassostrea Virginica From Florida, Virginia And New York, Lm Oliver, Ws Fisher, Se Ford, Lm Ragone Calvo, Em Burreson, Et Al
Perkinsus Marinus Tissue Distribution And Seasonal Variation In Oysters Crassostrea Virginica From Florida, Virginia And New York, Lm Oliver, Ws Fisher, Se Ford, Lm Ragone Calvo, Em Burreson, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Perkinsus marinus infection intensity was measured in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica collected in October and December 1993, and March, May, and July 1994 from 3 U.S. sites: Apalachicola Bay (FL), Chesapeake Bay (VA), and Oyster Bay (Mr'). Gill, mantle, digestive gland. adductor muscle, hemolymph, and remaining tissue (including gonadal material and rectum) were dissected from 20 oysters from each site at each collection time. Samples were separately diagnosed for P. marin us infections by incubation in Ray's Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (RFTM) and subsequent microscopic quantification of purified enlarged hypnospores. At all sampling times and sites, average P. marinus infection intensity …
Molecular Insights Into The Population Structures Of Cosmopolitan Marine Fishes, John Graves
Molecular Insights Into The Population Structures Of Cosmopolitan Marine Fishes, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Many marine fishes are cosmopolitan, occurring in continuous (e.g., circumtropical) or discontinuous (e.g., antitropical) distributions. Little is known of the genetic basis of population structure of these species, even though several support extensive fisheries. To develop a database that would facilitate comparison of the population structures among cosmopolitan fishes we consistently included restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a common approach to our investigations of these species. This article presents a review of those analyses. Considerable intra`specific genetic variation was revealed within all cosmopolitan marine species. Continuously distributed species displayed population structures ranging from a …
Histopathological Alterations Associated With Perkinsus Spp. Infection In The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
Histopathological Alterations Associated With Perkinsus Spp. Infection In The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) collected from the Chester River in the upper Chesapeake Bay showed the presence of Perkinsus spp, in similar to 12 % (28/240) Of clams examined. The infection seems to run a mild course with the host prevailing in encapsulating invading parasites. The gills appear to be the major site of infection, however, the parasite was also found in the digestive gland, gonads, and kidneys and occasionally in the tissue and sinuses of adductor muscles. Typically, clusters of protozoal cells were embedded in on amorphous PAS-positive substrate and were surrounded by one or more layers of granulocytes. …
Prevalence And Distribution Of Qpx, Quahog Parasite Unknown, In Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria In Virginia, Usa, Lm Ragone Calvo, Jg Walker, Em Burreson
Prevalence And Distribution Of Qpx, Quahog Parasite Unknown, In Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria In Virginia, Usa, Lm Ragone Calvo, Jg Walker, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
In July 1996, the Virginia Institute of Marine Science initiated a sampling program to examine wild and cultured hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria for QPX, Quahog Parasite Unknown, a protistan parasite associated with severe mortalities of hard clams in localized areas in maritime Canada and Massachusetts, USA. The sampling program set out to seasonally monitor wild clams from one site, James River, Virginia, and cultured clams from 2 sites, Chincoteague Bay and Mattawoman Creek, Virginia. Histological examination of initial samples revealed 8% prevalence of the parasite in 1-2 yr old cultured clams in Chincoteague Bay. This is the first documentation of …
Eastern Shore Laboratory, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, College Of William And Mary, Mark Luckenbach
Eastern Shore Laboratory, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, College Of William And Mary, Mark Luckenbach
VIMS Articles
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) Eastern Shore Laboratory (ESL) is located in the coastal village of Wachapreague, Virginia, on the landward margin of a mid-Atlantic barrier island-salt marsh-la goon system. The facility serves as both a field station in support of re search and teaching activities and as a site for resident research in coastal ecology and aquaculture. By virtue of its access to the unique coastal habi tats, excellent water quality, and an extensive seawater laboratory, the fa cility affords educational and re search opportunities not available elsewhere within the region.
Ontogenetic Diet Shifts In Nassau Grouper: Trophic Linkages And Predatory Impact, Db Eggleson, Jj Grover, Rom Lipcius
Ontogenetic Diet Shifts In Nassau Grouper: Trophic Linkages And Predatory Impact, Db Eggleson, Jj Grover, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Understanding which fauna and flora from seagrass beds serve as primary food for reef-based commuters is critical in defining trophic linkages between shallow-water habitats of tropical oceanic regions. Although numerous studies have documented the relative importance of crustaceans in the diet of reef fishes associated with tropical seagrass meadows, it is unknown if trophic importance corresponds to a significant effect on prey distribution and abundance patterns. We quantified size-specific diet of juvenile Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) inhabiting natural and artificial patch reefs, and manipulated the density of artificial patch reefs (0, 8, and 16 patch reefs per ha) to examine …
Continuing Trophic Studies On Constructed “Restored” Oyster Reefs, Roger Mann, Juliana M. Harding
Continuing Trophic Studies On Constructed “Restored” Oyster Reefs, Roger Mann, Juliana M. Harding
Reports
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Wind Speed And Particulate Matter Source On Surface Microlayer Characteristics And Enrichment Of Organic Matter In Southern Chesapeake Bay, Kewen Liu, Rebecca M. Dickhut
Effects Of Wind Speed And Particulate Matter Source On Surface Microlayer Characteristics And Enrichment Of Organic Matter In Southern Chesapeake Bay, Kewen Liu, Rebecca M. Dickhut
VIMS Articles
Surface microlayer (SM) samples were collected with a rotating cylinder sampler from the York and Elizabeth River estuaries of lower Chesapeake Bay bimonthly from May 1994 through June 1995. Two intensive samplings were also conducted in the York River during different seasons: one in December 1994 and another during June 1995. Four SM samples were collected during each intensive sampling within 4 days. All the samples were analyzed for total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate nitrogen (PN), particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC). The thickness of the SM was observed to decrease linearly with increased wind speed. TSP and …
Meadow Beauty Rhexia Mariana L., Gene Silberhorn
Meadow Beauty Rhexia Mariana L., Gene Silberhorn
Reports
The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen ident
Juvenile Finfish And Blue Crab Stock Assessment Program Bottom Trawl Survey Annual Data Summary Report Series Volume 1997, Patrick J. Geer
Juvenile Finfish And Blue Crab Stock Assessment Program Bottom Trawl Survey Annual Data Summary Report Series Volume 1997, Patrick J. Geer
Reports
The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) has conducted a trawl survey dating back to 1955. Over the years methods and objectives have varied according to funding sources and state and/or federal mandates. The present thrust of the program is to provide juvenile indices of relative abundance for recreationally, commercially, and ecologically important fish and invertebrates. These measures of juvenile abundance are widely used as a key element in the management of the Atlantic States' coastal fishery resources. Estimates of juveniles ( age-0) have proven to be a reliable and early indicator of future year-class strength. A review of previously …
Rde Model: A Program For Simulating Water Wave Transformation For Harbor Planning, Jerome P.Y. Maa, T. W. Hsu, H. H. Hwung
Rde Model: A Program For Simulating Water Wave Transformation For Harbor Planning, Jerome P.Y. Maa, T. W. Hsu, H. H. Hwung
Reports
No abstract provided.
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1997 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia 1997 A Summary Of The Annual Monitoring Program, Lisa M. Ragone Calvo, Eugene M. Burreson
Reports
No abstract provided.
Development And Implementation Of A Catch And Effort Data Collection System For Monitoring Trends In Fishing Success On Virginia's Artificial Fishing Reefs, 1987-1988, John A. Lucy, Charles L. Barr, William D. Dupaul
Development And Implementation Of A Catch And Effort Data Collection System For Monitoring Trends In Fishing Success On Virginia's Artificial Fishing Reefs, 1987-1988, John A. Lucy, Charles L. Barr, William D. Dupaul
Reports
The basic objective of the study was to identify a core population of recreational fishermen owning private boats and fishing one or more Virginia artificial reef sites (Fig. 1) with some degree of regularity (making a minim4m of two to three reef trips per season). This developing and expanding population of fishing boat comers was to be sampled randomly, by either telephone or fishing log books, to determine fishing effort and catch rates characterizing trips made to specific reef sites during the 1987 fishing season. Examination of the resulting data would provide a basis for determining whether all, or only …
Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) S-60 And S-70 Sites Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, December 1995 - March 1996, L. D. Wright, D. A. Hepworth, S. C. Kim, R. A. Gammisch
Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) S-60 And S-70 Sites Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, December 1995 - March 1996, L. D. Wright, D. A. Hepworth, S. C. Kim, R. A. Gammisch
Reports
No abstract provided.
1997 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
1997 Annual Awards, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
The Annual Awards ceremony is an occasion in which new employees and volunteers are introduced, employee service is recognized and student and faculty awards are presented.
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Virginia Institute Of Marine Science Programs And Services, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Programs and faculty, education and Institute support resources are described.
Aquaculture Genetics And Breeding Technology Center, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Aquaculture Genetics And Breeding Technology Center, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science
Miscellaneous
Brochure describing the activities, facilities and researchers of the Center.
In Vitro Propagation Of Two Perkinsus Species From The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
In Vitro Propagation Of Two Perkinsus Species From The Softshell Clam Mya Arenaria, Sm Mclaughlin, M Faisal
VIMS Articles
Two continuous, axenic cultures of Perkinsus spp. (H49 and G117)were obtained from the softshell clam Mya arenaria collected from Swan Point in the Chester River, Chesapeake Bay (Maryland).
Isolate H49 was obtained from the hemolymph of a heavily infected clam. Except for their larger size, H49 trophozoites and schizonts exhibited the characteristic morphology of Perkinsus marinus and divided by schizogony. Isolate G117 was obtained from a combined gill/palp sample of a moderately infected clam. Unlike H49, vegetative forms (trophozoites and schizonts) of G117 were present along with prezoosporulation stages in the same culture. In culture, G117 cells multiplied by both …
Application Of Molecular Genetic Markers To Conservation Of Freshwater Bivalves, Margaret Mulvey, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Karen Kandl
Application Of Molecular Genetic Markers To Conservation Of Freshwater Bivalves, Margaret Mulvey, Hsiu-Ping Liu, Karen Kandl
VIMS Articles
Freshwater bivalves (Unionacea) are among the most endangered faunal elements in North America. Molecular genetic studies have much to offer conservation efforts directed to this declining fauna. Molecular genetic data can provide information needed to identify evolutionarily significant units, resolve taxonomic ambiguities, describe population structure, evaluate impacts of habitat fragmentation and reduced gene flow among populations, reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, clarify fish host-glochidia relationships, and provide evidence in legal actions. Molecular genetic techniques and their application to freshwater bivalves are reviewed.
Novel Optical Remote Sensing And Ground-Truthing Of Benthic Habitat Using The Burrow-Cutter-Diaz Plowing Sediment Profile Camera System (Bcd Sled), Gr Cutter Jr., Robert J. Diaz
Novel Optical Remote Sensing And Ground-Truthing Of Benthic Habitat Using The Burrow-Cutter-Diaz Plowing Sediment Profile Camera System (Bcd Sled), Gr Cutter Jr., Robert J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
The Jefferson Benthic Sled provides video sediment profile imagery of continuous cross-sectional data. Subsurface imaging is achieved by attaching a profile camera prism behind an agricultural plow that extends beneath the plane of the sled skids, slicing through the top 10 to 20 cm of sediment. The plowing video profile provides a high-resolution, real-time: remotely controlled view of the flat side of the plow furrow. Successful continuous profiles of up to 100 m have been collected. The equipment allows immediate characterization of benthic habitats, transition zones, sediment types, sediment oxidation layering, biological resources, and fisheries impact.
Microencapsulation As A Potential Control Technique Against Sabellid Worms In Abalone Culture, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ma Buchal, Cs Friedman
Microencapsulation As A Potential Control Technique Against Sabellid Worms In Abalone Culture, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ma Buchal, Cs Friedman
VIMS Articles
We have developed a novel application for lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) in the potential control of sabellid infestations in abalone aquaculture. The use of LWMs takes advantage of the filter-feeding nature of the worms, versus the herbivory of the host abalone. Initial observations indicated that the pest was capable of feeding on particles ranging from 3-30 mu m in size. Lipid-walled microcapsules were prepared using different combinations of lipids (tristearin, tripalmitin, and fish oil) to encapsulate water-based solutions. Feeding experiments using worm-infested shells indicated that in a relatively short time (30-60 min) most of the worms (80-95%) fed on the LWMs …
Estimation Of Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Standing Stock, Larval Production And Advective Loss In Relation To Observed Recruitment In The James River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, David A. Evans
Estimation Of Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Standing Stock, Larval Production And Advective Loss In Relation To Observed Recruitment In The James River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, David A. Evans
VIMS Articles
Standing stock and demographic data for oysters, Crassostrea virginica, in the James River, Virginia are used to generate spatial estimates of egg production on a reef-specific basis. Subsequent estimates are made of losses related to density-dependent fertilization, natural mortality in the plankton, advective loss related to estuarine circulation, availability of substrate (both absolute amounts and after occlusion by fouling organisms), limited competency of pediveligers to metamorphose, and post settlement mortality to an age of 4 wk post metamorphosis. Reef-specific egg production is highly variable on a per unit basis within the James. In all reef systems fertilization losses approach two …
Effects Of Periodic Environmental Hypoxia On Predation Of A Tethered Polychaete, Glycera Americana: Implications For Trophic Dynamics, Ja Nestlerode, R. J. Diaz
Effects Of Periodic Environmental Hypoxia On Predation Of A Tethered Polychaete, Glycera Americana: Implications For Trophic Dynamics, Ja Nestlerode, R. J. Diaz
VIMS Articles
Hypoxia and anoxia have significant deleterious ecological effects on living resources throughout many estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. Brief periods of low oxygen have the potential to facilitate transfer of benthic production to higher trophic levels as many benthic infaunal species have shallower sediment depth distributions during hypoxic events. In August-September 1994, a time-lapse camera equipped with a water quality datalogger was used to document in situ exploitation of a tethered prey organism (Glycera americana Leidy) by mobile fish and crustacean predators during alternating normoxia-hypoxia cycles in the York River, Virginia, USA. Based on photographic and diver observations, this hypoxia-induced …
Growth Dynamics Of Phaeocystis Antarctica-Dominated Plankton Assemblages From The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Ca Carlson, Hw Ducklow, Da Hansell
Growth Dynamics Of Phaeocystis Antarctica-Dominated Plankton Assemblages From The Ross Sea, Walker O. Smith Jr., Ca Carlson, Hw Ducklow, Da Hansell
VIMS Articles
Large-volume experiments were conducted using natural seawater assemblages collected in the southern Ross Sea during austral spring 1994 and summer 1995 to assess the carbon and nitrogen exchanges among phytoplankton, bacteria and dissolved organic carbon pools, and to compare the elemental partitioning in these experimental enclosures with those observed in situ. Large concentrations of particulate matter were produced in these enclosures, which were at all times dominated by the colonial haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica. Particulate organic carbon concentrations exceeded 200 mu mol l(-1) at the end of the experiment. Bacterial carbon comprised only a small (%) fraction of the particulate carbon, …
Using Metal-Ligand Binding Characteristics To Predict Metal Toxicity: Quantitative Ion Character-Activity Relationships (Qicars), Michael C. Newman, John T. Mccloskey, Christopher Tatara
Using Metal-Ligand Binding Characteristics To Predict Metal Toxicity: Quantitative Ion Character-Activity Relationships (Qicars), Michael C. Newman, John T. Mccloskey, Christopher Tatara
VIMS Articles
Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied widely in quantitative ecotoxicology. Intermetal vends in toxicity were successfully modeled with ion characteristics reflecting metal binding to ligands for a wide range of effects. Most models were useful for predictive purposes based on an F-ratio criterion and cross-validation, but anomalous predictions did occur in speciation was ignored in general, models for metals with …