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Articles 1 - 30 of 465
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Forest Schools, Ecofeminism, The Gender Binary, And Androcentrism, Jana Elizabeth Schwai
Forest Schools, Ecofeminism, The Gender Binary, And Androcentrism, Jana Elizabeth Schwai
Theses and Dissertations
Gender in forest schools is a topic that should be at the forefront of discussion when creating a forest school, its pedagogy, curriculum, and principles. Gender is a large part of who we are as humans and having teachers aware of its complexities, presentation, and presence in the forest school setting is imperative. This study consists of interviews and focus group data collected at a midwest United States public forest preschool and an eastern United States private forest preschool. The teachers at these schools were cisgender, as were the students ages three through five who were observed. This paper analyzes …
Walk Or Swim: The Substrate For Movement Affects Mate Choice Behaviors In Females Gray Treefrogs (Hyla Versicolor), Hannah Warner
Walk Or Swim: The Substrate For Movement Affects Mate Choice Behaviors In Females Gray Treefrogs (Hyla Versicolor), Hannah Warner
Theses and Dissertations
Semiaquatic animals breed in environments with a mix of aquatic and terrestrial features, each requiring appropriate types of locomotion with differential energetic demands and containing different suits of predators. We surveyed calling locations of male Eastern Gray Treefrogs (Hyla versicolor) at our study pond to assess average composition of land/water substrates available to females during mate choice. We also conducted acoustic playback trials to examine whether the mate choice behavior of females was affected by approach substrate; i.e., whether females had to swim or walk towards a potential mate. We found that mate preferences were not strongly affected by the …
Investigating An Optimal Motor Learning Protocol That Leads To Better Savings And Long-Term Retention Of Visuomotor Adaptation, Reshma James
Investigating An Optimal Motor Learning Protocol That Leads To Better Savings And Long-Term Retention Of Visuomotor Adaptation, Reshma James
Theses and Dissertations
Visuomotor adaptation is fundamental to everyday activities, from the simple act of reaching for a cup to complex athletic maneuvers. The concept of savings is particularly interesting as it sheds light on how motor skills are acquired, retained, and relearned over time. Savings refers to the phenomenon where motor skills that have been previously learned are reacquired or relearned more rapidly after a period of inactivity or after the individual has undergone de-adaptation. While it was initially believed that savings in motor adaptation stemmed from implicit learning mechanisms, recent research indicates that it is primarily attributed to explicit recall of …
Which Vole Is Which: Dna-Based Species Identification For Wisconsin’S Three Microtus Species, Madeline Noel Opie
Which Vole Is Which: Dna-Based Species Identification For Wisconsin’S Three Microtus Species, Madeline Noel Opie
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate species identification is necessary to implement conservation strategies in the wild. When traditional morphology-based species identification is challenging due to phenotypic plasticity, overlapping characteristics, or the species are otherwise cryptic, DNA-based species identification may be more suitable. Of the three species of Microtus in Wisconsin, two are listed as threatened at the state level. Both M. ochrogaster and M. pinetorum have stable population levels at the national level but are along the northern edge of their ranges in Wisconsin. Small and vulnerable populations of M. ochrogaster and M. pinetorum are limited to isolated patches in the southwestern portion of …
Quantifying Nutrients At Wisconsin Freshwater Beaches And Determining The Molecular Response Of E. Coli To Nutrient Limitation, Sophia Ward
Theses and Dissertations
Escherichia coli (E. coli) are popular fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) used by many beach management programs in Wisconsin to evaluate the health risks posed by beaches. Prolonged survival of E. coli in beach sand undermines beach management practices that rely on FIB enumeration in surface water because sand and water are routinely mixed through wave action. Studies have shown that sand is a favorable environment for E. coli due to temperature, moisture, nutrient content, and protection from UV radiation. In addition, some sources of E. coli pose significantly less of a threat to human health than human fecal waste, but …
Accuracy And Precision Of Wearable Camera Media Annotations To Estimate Dimensions Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Julian Martinez
Accuracy And Precision Of Wearable Camera Media Annotations To Estimate Dimensions Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior, Julian Martinez
Theses and Dissertations
Physical activity (PA) is a complex behavior to measure given its sporadic nature and its all-encompassing definition as bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in increased energy expenditure. Sedentary behavior (SB) is another complex health behavior to measure as it is more exactly defined as sitting, reclining, or lying while having an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs). For both PA and SB, it is important to measure the dimensions of frequency, intensity, duration and type of activity being performed when associating the volume of PA and SB with different health outcomes. However, commonly used measurement tools …
The Complexity Of Female Treefrog Mate Choice: Choosiness And Preferences Are Independent Behaviors And Each Are Prone To Separate Sources Of Variation, Olivia S. Feagles
The Complexity Of Female Treefrog Mate Choice: Choosiness And Preferences Are Independent Behaviors And Each Are Prone To Separate Sources Of Variation, Olivia S. Feagles
Theses and Dissertations
Mate choice is an important cause of natural and sexual selection, driving the evolution of ornaments and promoting diversification and speciation. Mate choice decisions arise from the interaction of several components, and knowledge of whether they interact, and how, is crucial for understanding their contributions to selection. There are multiple components of mate choice theoretically proposed, and here I focus specifically on preference functions (attractiveness ranking of prospective mates) and/or choosiness (willingness to invest effort in obtaining the preferred mate). Objective 1 (addressed in Chapter I) of this dissertation focuses specifically on the relationship between preferences and choosiness, testing the …
Quantifying Within-Population Variation In Mate Choice; Discrimination, Mate Sampling Rules, Multivariate Preference & Consequences For Sexual Selection, Kane David Stratman
Quantifying Within-Population Variation In Mate Choice; Discrimination, Mate Sampling Rules, Multivariate Preference & Consequences For Sexual Selection, Kane David Stratman
Theses and Dissertations
Mate choice is foundational to the evolution of elaborate, conspicuous, and often energetically costly displays. Modelling sexual selection in any mating system is a complicated task on two fronts; we typically confront variation in both i) the strategies of signalers and ii) how choosers assess and sample among them. As selection on mate choice behaviors emerges from the relationship between these sources of variation, it is essential that they be measured in detail. Population-level measures of chooser behaviors (i.e. pooling the single responses of a sample of choosers) have long dominated the literature on mate choice, leaving open the possibility …
Implementing Fret Spectrometry Using Time Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy For Determination Of Protein Oligomer Size And Geometry In Live Cells, Aliyah Sephrah Khan
Implementing Fret Spectrometry Using Time Resolved Fluorescence Microscopy For Determination Of Protein Oligomer Size And Geometry In Live Cells, Aliyah Sephrah Khan
Theses and Dissertations
Fӧrster or Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a biological phenomenon that occurs when energy is transferred non-radiatively from an excited donor molecule to an unexcited acceptor molecule when they are a certain distance from each other. One method of conducting FRET experiments is using FRET spectrometry which was previously introduced by the Raicu Lab. This method generates histograms of FRET efficiencies at pixel level called FRET spectrograms, that are fitted with models to determine the quaternary structure of protein oligomers as opposed to traditional FRET experiments which average over all FRET efficiencies. Currently, FRET spectrometry is implemented with spectrally …
Dexterous Manipulation Capabilities Are Associated With Change In Discharge Rate Properties Of Motor Neurons With Age, Mukta N. Joshi
Dexterous Manipulation Capabilities Are Associated With Change In Discharge Rate Properties Of Motor Neurons With Age, Mukta N. Joshi
Theses and Dissertations
Aging is accompanied by declines in manual dexterity and fine motor control. The purpose of this research was to compare hand motor control in young and older adults and examine the neuromuscular mechanisms responsible for enabling these interactions. We test force variability during isometric and dynamic contractions, manual dexterity and track motor unit activity to identify the neuromuscular mechanisms responsible for changes in dexterity with age. 26 older adults (66-86 years) and 28 young adults (19 – 38 years) participated in the study. Research participants performed force matching tasks during index finger abduction, precision pinch, static pressing and hybrid force/ …
Biomolecular Function From Structural Snapshots, Roshanak Etemadpour
Biomolecular Function From Structural Snapshots, Roshanak Etemadpour
Theses and Dissertations
Biological molecules can assume a continuous range of conformations during function. Near equilibrium, the Boltzmann relation connects a particular conformation's free energy to the conformation's occupation probability, thus giving rise to one or more energy landscapes. Biomolecular function proceeds along minimum-energy pathways on such landscapes. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of biomolecular function often involves the determination of the free-energy landscapes and the identification of functionally relevant minimum-energy conformational paths on these landscapes. Specific techniques are necessary to determine continuous conformational spectra and identify functionally relevant conformational trajectories from a collection of raw single-particle snapshots from, e.g. cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) …
Methodology To Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions Of Jun During Neuronal Differentiation Of Pc12 Cells, Heather L. Leskinen
Methodology To Investigate Protein-Protein Interactions Of Jun During Neuronal Differentiation Of Pc12 Cells, Heather L. Leskinen
Theses and Dissertations
In humans and other mammals, injury to the central nervous system (CNS) can cause a permanent loss of neuronal function, leading to cognitive defects, limb paralysis, and other neurological disabilities. In contrast, studies have shown that some non-mammalian vertebrates like zebrafish, have the remarkable ability to functionally regenerate axons after CNS injury by reactivating and sustaining the expression of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). Some RAGs encode transcriptional regulators that dimerize to control downstream gene expression necessary for functional axonal recovery. Our lab has previously identified Jun as an important transcriptional regulator of regeneration after optic nerve injury in zebrafish. After axon …
Potential Moderating Impact Of Circulating Endocannabinoids On Resting State Networks And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Emily Anne Albertina
Potential Moderating Impact Of Circulating Endocannabinoids On Resting State Networks And Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Emily Anne Albertina
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Traumatic injury increases risk for long-term adverse outcomes such as the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research has found that risk for the development of PTSD after such an injury varies depending on individuals’ race/ethnic group and sex. Although prior work has explored relationships between injury and PTSD in these groups utilizing imaging paradigms (e.g., resting state functional connectivity) and biological paradigms (e.g., the endocannabinoid system), the relationship between these factors has been understudied. The present study explored the potential moderating effect circulating endocannabinoids may have on the relationship between resting state functional connectivity and post traumatic stress …
Elucidating Aposematic Patterns In North American Hylids, Joseph S. Cannizzaro Iv
Elucidating Aposematic Patterns In North American Hylids, Joseph S. Cannizzaro Iv
Theses and Dissertations
Recognizing form and function of animal defenses is paramount to understanding the ecological and evolutionary forces behind predator and prey dynamics. Color patterns are strongly related to defensive strategies in animals. Some rely on camouflage to avoid detection, while others are brightly colored and conspicuously signal their noxiousness to potential predators. Still others combine cryptic dorsal coloration with colorful patches that are concealed in resting position but are facultatively unveiled by special behavior or simply during activity. Such hidden conspicuous color patches may be an intermediate stage in the evolution from camouflage to aposematism. We investigated whether conspicuously colored thighs …
Nutrient Dynamics Of Freshwater Estuarine Sediments Disturbed By Dredging, Ryan Allan John Roekle
Nutrient Dynamics Of Freshwater Estuarine Sediments Disturbed By Dredging, Ryan Allan John Roekle
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the nutrient environment of sediments in the Milwaukee River estuary and the dynamics of those nutrients during simulated disturbance experiments within the context of large-scale dredging remediation. Surface sediments were collected from throughout the Milwaukee estuary (including river, harbor, and nearshore stations) by PONAR, centrifuged to separate porewater (interstitial water) from solid material, and filtered to further isolate and stabilize dissolved material. Porewaters were analyzed for dissolved nutrients including ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), nitrate, nitrite, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Surface sediment porewaters within the estuary were often highly enriched in AN and SRP, which were often 10-2000x …
Investigation Of The Role Of The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor In Memory Consolidation In Gonadectomized Male Mice, Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado
Investigation Of The Role Of The G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor In Memory Consolidation In Gonadectomized Male Mice, Gustavo Dalto Barroso Machado
Theses and Dissertations
Estrogens are cholesterol-derived hormones that play crucial physiological and pathological roles in both sexes and across the lifespan. Many research groups have replicated the beneficial roles of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), the most potent estrogen, in memory consolidation in the past decades, even though some mechanisms are still unclear. The rapid effects of E2 in memory formation are attributed to its binding to different estrogen receptors (ER), notably the intracellular receptors ER and ER, as well as the membrane ER called G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that acute post-training infusion of E2 into the dorsal hippocampus …
The Impact Of A Body Self-Compassion Program On Body Image And Experiences Of Exercise, Gretchen Paulson
The Impact Of A Body Self-Compassion Program On Body Image And Experiences Of Exercise, Gretchen Paulson
Theses and Dissertations
Body image concerns are a prevalent and pervasive issue among young adult women and are associated with a host of physical and psychological consequences including disordered eating, depression, and anxiety. Body image concerns play a role in physical activity and exercise behavior, where negative body image is related to lower levels of exercise engagement. Self-compassion is a way of relating to oneself with kindness and understanding, particularly in the presence of suffering or feelings of inadequacy. Self-compassion consists of three interrelated components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, and has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing body image concerns, while fostering positive body …
Using Music To Modify Step-Rate And Running Biomechanics In Healthy Runners, Erin Marie Lally
Using Music To Modify Step-Rate And Running Biomechanics In Healthy Runners, Erin Marie Lally
Theses and Dissertations
Context: Running-related injury (RRI) is a significant public health issue that may be caused by injurious running biomechanics. Increasing step-rate (SR) using gait retraining may prevent and treat RRI. The Optimizing Performance Through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning (OPTIMAL) theory indicates enhanced expectancies, autonomy, and external focus of attention will optimize motor learning. Music has been shown to create enhanced expectancies, can provide incidental choices (autonomy), directs attention externally, and may increase compliance. No studies have investigated if music can be used to alter SR and running biomechanics or strategies that may improve compliance to gait retraining. Objective: The …
The Biological Bases Of Political Attachment: Neurobiological Correlates Of Ideology And Partisanship, Carisa Bergner
The Biological Bases Of Political Attachment: Neurobiological Correlates Of Ideology And Partisanship, Carisa Bergner
Theses and Dissertations
To fully understand the foundations of political attachments in an increasingly polarized environment, political scientists must reconcile traditional theories of political attitudes and behavior with insight gained from neurobiological approaches. The purpose of this research is to investigate the neurobiological correlates of strength of political ideology and partisanship, as well as the neurobiological correlates of ideological and partisan orientation. To do so, both structural and functional neuroimaging analyses were conducted on a diverse sample of patients at a Level 1 Trauma Center. Results indicate that strong ideological attachment is significantly associated with decreased volume in the left insula, though partisan …
The Effects Of Task Complexity On Knee Mechanics And Joint Coordination Variability During A Side-Step Cutting Task, Carter Michael Schmitz
The Effects Of Task Complexity On Knee Mechanics And Joint Coordination Variability During A Side-Step Cutting Task, Carter Michael Schmitz
Theses and Dissertations
Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very common and debilitating injury suffered by athletes of all ages, genders, and abilities. Practitioners attempt to minimize risks by implementing ACL prevention programs designed to physically prepare athletes for the demands of sport, however, the success of these programs is very inconsistent. The majority of past ACL prevention programs prioritize constrained run and cut activities, the removal of motor variability - attempting to “idealize” mechanics - and limited task complexity. Due to the inherent complexities that exist within sport, it is possible that more task complexity and motor variability is …
Exploring The Perceived Psychosocial Experiences Of Recreational Runners With Patellofemoral Pain: A Grounded Theory Approach, Kenneth Ildefonso
Exploring The Perceived Psychosocial Experiences Of Recreational Runners With Patellofemoral Pain: A Grounded Theory Approach, Kenneth Ildefonso
Theses and Dissertations
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a specific type of patellar or retropatellar pain aggravated by at least one physical activity that loads the patellofemoral joint during weight bearing on a flexed knee such as running (Crossley et al., 2016). Previous PFP research has highlighted the importance of psychosocial variables among PFP populations including recreational runners (Vicenzino et al., 2022). Upon reviewing the existing literature, much of it appears to be atheoretical and lack construct clarity. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the perceived psychosocial experiences of recreational runners with PFP. This dissertation aimed to (1) document recreational runners’ perceived …
Estimating Energy Cost Of Physical Activities From Video Using 3d-Cnn Networks, Pragya Shrestha Chansi
Estimating Energy Cost Of Physical Activities From Video Using 3d-Cnn Networks, Pragya Shrestha Chansi
Theses and Dissertations
This research proposes a machine learning model that can estimate the energy cost of physical activities from video input. Currently, wearable sensors are commonly used for this purpose, but they have limitations in terms of practicality and accuracy. A deep learning model using three dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) architecture was used to process the video data and predict the energy cost in terms of metabolic equivalents (METs). The proposed model was evaluated on a dataset of physical activity videos and achieved an average accuracy of 71% on energy category prediction task and an root mean squared error (RMSE) of …
Body Bound, Rachel Allison
Body Bound, Rachel Allison
Theses and Dissertations
Body Bound is an exhibition catalog that corresponds to an exhibition of objects on display in the Emile Mathis Gallery that opened on February 23, 2023. The Exhibition traces the historically grounded and long-standing tradition of using bodily material as the basis for bookmaking. This practice has not subsided entirely in its traditional form but has also branched off and informed contemporary book-making practices. Contemporary books, specifically artist books, are a part of a longer history of using and presenting bodies with books. This exhibition includes historical books and contemporary artist books from the UWM special collections as well as …
Leveraging Biomedical Ontological Knowledge To Improve Clinical Term Embeddings, Fuad Hatem Abuzahra
Leveraging Biomedical Ontological Knowledge To Improve Clinical Term Embeddings, Fuad Hatem Abuzahra
Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT Leveraging Biomedical Ontological Knowledge to Improve Clinical Term Embeddings by Fuad Abu Zahra The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2023 Under the Supervision of Dr. Rohit J. Kate This research is on obtaining and using word embeddings for natural language processing tasks in the biomedical domain. Word embeddings are vector representations of words commonly obtained from large text corpora. This research leverages the biomedical ontology of SNOMED CT as an alternate source for obtaining embeddings for clinical terms. The existing graph-based methods can only give embeddings for concepts (i.e., nodes of the graph) of an ontology, hence we developed a novel …
Impact Of The Pre-A Motif On Truncated Hemoglobin N Activity, Alexander Shayne Drena
Impact Of The Pre-A Motif On Truncated Hemoglobin N Activity, Alexander Shayne Drena
Theses and Dissertations
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death by an infectious agent and therefore a global health crisis, according to the most recent report by the World Health Organization. This is due, in part, to Mycobacterium tuberculosis’ impressive defensive mechanisms against immune response, as well as the rise of Multi-Drug Resistant strains that have recently developed. Towards the turn of the century, a small heme protein called truncated hemoglobin N (trHbN) was discovered to protect the bacteria against reactive nitrogen species by converting nitric oxide (NO) to nitrate at rates far exceeding those of myoglobin and closer to those of …
Does State Of Mind Predict Prototype-Based Category Learning In Older Adults?, Kana Kimura
Does State Of Mind Predict Prototype-Based Category Learning In Older Adults?, Kana Kimura
Theses and Dissertations
Category learning plays an important role in day-to-day lives across all ages, allowing us to organize related experiences, develop expectations, and determine how we behave given those expectations. Despite its importance, the current body of literature on category learning in older adults is much smaller than that of other memory domains. Thus, little is known about how well older adults learn new concepts and what factors best promote learning novel categories. One factor that may affect category learning abilities is an individual’s state of mind. A number of studies demonstrate the effects of sleep, stress, affect, and motivation on cognition, …
Structural And Functional Characterization Of Pyridoxal-5’-Phosphate-Dependent L-Arginine Desaturases, Trevor Robert Melkonian
Structural And Functional Characterization Of Pyridoxal-5’-Phosphate-Dependent L-Arginine Desaturases, Trevor Robert Melkonian
Theses and Dissertations
Pyridoxal-5’-Phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes are ubiquitous throughout nature with over 140 unique activities characterized. This diverse reactivity has been attributed to PLP’s ability to act as an “electron sink” during catalysis. In recent years, a novel oxidase activity was characterized with the discovery of MppP, an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of mannopeptimycin, that catalyzes the first step in the production of the non-proteinogenic amino acid L-enduracididine. MppP catalyzes the four-electron oxidation of L-arginine to 4-hydroxy-(2,3)-dehydroarginine, using only the PLP cofactor and molecular oxygen, with no assistance from metals or other organic cofactors. Shortly after MppP was reported, Ind4 was characterized. …
Can Alfalfa Nutrient Concentrate Serve As A Feed Ingredient For Feeding Juvenile Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens)?, William J. Sullivan
Can Alfalfa Nutrient Concentrate Serve As A Feed Ingredient For Feeding Juvenile Yellow Perch (Perca Flavescens)?, William J. Sullivan
Theses and Dissertations
This study evaluated the potential of alfalfa nutrient concentrate (ANC) used in feed for yellow perch. We assessed the quality of ANC based on pellet functionality, digestibility, and growth performance of perch fed with diets including various levels of ANC (0-20 g/100 g diet) to replace fishmeal protein in a control diet based on a 9-week feeding with three replications per diet. Pellet bulk density, durability, water stability, and oil retention capacity increased with fishmeal replacement. Growth rate, feed conversion ratio, satiation feed intake, and protein retention were similar for fish fed different diets (P>0.05). Fish fed ANC-20 had …
Educational Environments And Children's Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviors, Nathan R. Tokarek
Educational Environments And Children's Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviors, Nathan R. Tokarek
Theses and Dissertations
Children and adolescents spend the majority of their day engaged in sedentary behaviors (SB), while also not meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations. The failure to develop and maintain health enhancing behaviors from a young age may impact an individual throughout their life. With children and adolescents spending a large proportion of their waking hours in a school setting, the educational environment presents an opportunity in which children and adolescents’ PA and SB can be positively influenced. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to explore how children and adolescent’s school time PA and SB are associated with the educational setting, …
Monitoring Welfare In Captive Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) Using Individual Positional Behavior And Substrate Use Profiles, Joseph Lara
Theses and Dissertations
The welfare of captive chimpanzees partly depends on the structural features present in their enclosure. An individual’s manner of expressing positional behaviors depends on these environmental characteristics and may be reflective of their physical and mental health. This thesis seeks to further the scientific understanding of the relationships between positional behavior, substrate use and captive chimpanzee welfare. In pursuit of this goal, I designed and installed a novel vertical climbing aid onto a climbable platform structure within an enclosure at the chimpanzee sanctuary, Chimp Haven, in an effort to encourage mobility and vertical space use in the enclosure’s residents. Additionally, …