Life Sciences Commons^™

Phylogenetics And The Future Of Helminth Systematics, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Phylogenetic systematics is a relatively new formal technique that increases the precision with which one can make direct estimates of the history of phylogenetic descent. These estimates are made in the form of phylogenetic trees, or cladograms. Cladograms may be converted directly into classifications or they may be used to test various hypotheses about the evolutionary process. More than 20 phylogenetic analyses of helminth groups have been published already, and these have been used to investigate evolutionary questions in developmental biology, biogeography, speciation, coevolution, and evolutionary ecology.

Nebraska Bird Review (December 1985) 53(4), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

1985 Fall Field Day … 70

Supplement to 1985 Spring Occurrence Report … 70

Black-necked Stilts Nesting in Nebraska … 72

A Red Phalarope in Pierce County, Nebraska … 72

The Red-naped Sapsucker in Nebraska … 73

Nesting Observations of the Piping Plover near Sioux City … 74

Notes … 76

“Notes” From Nebraska Bird Review (December 1985) 53(4)

Nebraska Bird Review

FILLMORE COUNTY. On 23 June 1985, while I was atlasing block #IF01 in Fillmore County, just north of Shickley, I saw a Common Moorhen in Weis Lagoon and found a nest with 11 eggs. There was also a very large colony of Black-crowned Night-Herons [and] also a colony of Great-tailed Grackles.—William C. Garthright, Lincoln

RED-NECKED GREBE. On 16 June 1985 1 was wading through some cattails at the edge of a small open area in a pond at the North 27th Street marsh when I came upon a grebe sitting in the open on the water.—William C. Garthright, Lincoln

IBIS …

Nesting Observations Of The Piping Plover Near Sioux City, Randall D. Williams

Nebraska Bird Review

From mid-April to early August 1985 members of the Loess Hills Audubon Society monitored the nesting of Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) on fly-ash settling ponds of the IPS Port Neal Generating Station, on the Missouri River near Salix, Iowa. Declining regional and national populations (Barie, 1985; Kaufman, 1984; and Evans, 1985) make the discovery of nesting individuals quite exciting. Piping Plovers were first found at this site in 1984.

The ash ponds appear to be very good nesting habitat (Evans, 1985). There are large areas of gravel-like substrate with little to no vegetation, minimal human disturbance, and an …

The Red-Naped Sapsucker In Nebraska, Tanya E. Bray, Barbara K. Padelford, W. Ross Silcock

Nebraska Bird Review

The Red-naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) was for many years accorded subspecific status within Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyapicus varius), but the American Ornithologists’ Union recently revised this opinion, and now regards nuchalis as a “good” species (Auk 102:680). Red-naped Sapsucker can be added to the Nebraska (species) list on the basis of three specimens in the collection of the University of Nebraska State Museum (UNSM).

The breeding range of Red-naped Sapsucker includes the Rocky Mountains east of the Cascades from southwest Canada south to central Arizona and it winters in much of northern Mexico, north as far …

A Red Phalarope In Pierce County, Nebraska, Mark A. Brogie, Ed M. Brogie

Nebraska Bird Review

The Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicaria) is seen yearly in the central portion of the United States, from the Great Lakes to Texas. More than 85% of these sightings are from fall, with 75% of the total from September to November (Dinsmore et al., 1984). This species is, however, considered a very rare or accidental migrant through the Plains States (Johnsgard 1980). A single specimen, taken on 15 October 1921 at Dad’s Lake, near Wood Lake in Cherry County (Conover 1934) represents the only previous record of this species in Nebraska. The following represents the first record for this …

Supplement To 1985 Spring Occurrence Report

Nebraska Bird Review

The following records were overlooked until it was too late to include them in the original report (NBR 53:50). They are either earlier, later, or new records for the localities listed, most recorded by Rick Wright, but also by Glen Kramer and the Werthmans. April is A, May is M. Four species and a hybrid, all marked +, were not in the first report, so that the total for the state is 296 rather than 292. The Douglas-Sarpy count is increased by two; no attempt was made to get similar figures for the other columns since they would affect …

1985 Fall Field Day

Nebraska Bird Review

Pleasant weather greeted the 70 people who attended part or all of the 1985 Fall Field Day, at the 4-H Camp at Halsey National Forest, 5 and 6 October. There was a slide show Friday night and the official tally Sunday noon, but other than the scheduled meals, the rest of the time was free for individual birding. The committee on a records committee completed its work and presented its report to the directors. The report was accepted and Tanya Bray, Ruth Green, and Wayne Mollhoff were appointed to 3-year terms on the committee, Alice Kenitz and Barbara Padelford for …

Masthead From Nebraska Bird Review (December 1985) 53(4)

Nebraska Bird Review

Published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc., as its official journal and sent to all members who are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions (on calendar year basis only) are $10.00 per year in the United States, $12.00 per year in Canada and Mexico, and $12.50 per year in all other countries, payable in advance. Single copies are $3.00 each, postpaid, in the United States; $3.50 elsewhere.

Memberships (on a calendar year basis only): Student, $3.00; Active, $7.00; Sustaining, $15.00; Family Active, $10.00; Family Sustaining, $20.00; Life, $100.00.

All dues and subscriptions should …

Black-Necked Stilts Nesting In Nebraska, Mark J. Helsinger

Nebraska Bird Review

On 7 May 1985 I saw two adult Black-necked Stilts on Lower Harrison Lake, Crescent Lake NWR, Garden County. In the middle of June photographers Charlie and Rita Summers saw two on Martin Lake. On 11 July I saw two adults. and four young on Martin Lake. The whitish/gray-colored young had long grayish/green legs (3–4") and a black bill, about 2" long. They appeared to be feeding by probing soft mud. The two adults were exhibiting aggressive behavior. One adult dived and screamed at a Blue-winged Teal hen with eight ducklings until they moved from the area, and also chased …

Index To Volume 53

Nebraska Bird Review

Accipiter sp. 19

Adcock, Cash and Dorothy 63

Albino 41, 54

Alexander, George and Irene 22

Alfred, Norris 6, 17, 46, 60

Ani, Groove-billed 78

Avocet, American 9, 39(2), 46, 48, 55, 71, 72, 77, 78

. . .

Wright, Rick 3, 18, 22, 41, 42, 44, 57, 68, 70, 82

Wyman, Howard and Wilma 70

Wilma 22

Yellowlegs, Greater 9, 55, 70

Lesser 10, 39, 41, 55

sp. 9, 39

Yellowthroat, Common 15, 39, 46, 63

Zendeh, Scheil 41(2), 43, 82

Sexual Selection In Lekking Sage Grouse: Phenotypic Correlates Of Male Mating Success, Robert M. Gibson, Jack W. Bradbury

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mate choice cues in sage grouse were reinvestigated by analyzing relationships between male mating success and a range of suggested cues. Display cues were implicated by significant relationships between mating status (whether or not a male mated) and lek attendance, display rate (corrected for effects of female proximity and time of day) and an acoustic component related to temporal and frequency measures of a whistle emitted during the strut display. Although display rate and the acoustic component were intercorrelated, both exerted significant partial effects on mating success in multivariate analyses. These display measures also differed significantly between males. In contrast, …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 17, No. 4. December 1985

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE OF MALE RUFFED GROUSE IN THE TURTLE MOUNTAINS, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ E. L. Bakke and J. W. Schulz

THE BIRDS OF KONZA PRAIRIE RESEARCH NATURAL AREA, KANSAS ▪ J. L. Zimmerman

VASCULAR FLORA OF RANSOM, RICHLAND, AND SARGENT COUNTIES, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ G. J. Seder and W. T. Barker

NORTH DAKOTA FLEAS. IX. SIPHONAPTERANS OF MAMMALS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ O. R. Larson, M. G. McKenna, and N. R. Fellows

NOTES

Breakup and Sibling Dispersal of Two …

Eimerians From Different Karyotypes Of The Japanese Wood Mouse (Apodemus Spp.), With Descriptions Of Two New Species And A Redescription Of Eimeria Montgomeryae Lewis And Ball, 1983, Constance D. Wash, Donald W. Duszynski, Terry L. Yates

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Examination of 131 wood mice (Apodemus spp.) representing 2 species and 6 subspecies collected from the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Tsushima showed that 70 mice (53%) had coccidian oocysts in their feces. These included 21 of 42 (50%) Apodemus argenteus argenteus; 7 of 14 (50%) Apodemus argenteus hokkaidi; 2 of 3 (67%) Apodemus argenteus sagax; 3 of 9 (33%) Apodemus speciosus ainu; 36 of 61 (59%) Apodemus speciosus speciosus; and 1 of 2 (50%) Apodemus speciosus tusimaensis. Four distinct coccidians were identified: Eimeria argenteus n. sp. from A. a. argenteus …

Population Dynamics Of Sugar Beets, Rhizoctonia Solani, And Laetisaria Arvalis: Responses Of A Host, Plant Pathogen, And Hyperparasite To Perturbation In The Field, Michael F. Allen, Michael G. Boosalis, Eric D. Kerr, Anne E. Muldoon, Harold J. Larsen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Rhizoctonia solani causes crown rot of sugar beets, a severe disease that has destroyed up to 60% of the plants in a test field in western Nebraska. Laetisaria arvalis, a natural hyperparasite of Rhizoctonia spp., was isolated from fields in western Nebraska. To test for the potential for biological control of R. solani, in November 1980 (following harvest) we applied various combinations of a nematicide (Telone II; Dow Chemical Co.), a nutrition source (sugar beet pulp), and an inoculum of L. arvalis in a randomized block design. Populations of R. solani, L. arvalis, and sugar beets were …

Stability Of The Larvicidal Activity Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Israelensis: Amino Acid Modification And Denaturants, Mary Ann Pfannenstiel, Graham A. Couche, Ganapathy Muthukumar, Kenneth Nickerson

Papers in Microbiology

The Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis mosquito larvicidal toxin is not a sulfhydryl-activated toxin. The protein disulfide bonds were cleaved and blocked without loss of toxicity. In contrast, modification of the lysine side chains eliminated toxicity. Additionally, the toxin was resistant to high concentrations of salt (8 M NaBr), organic solvents (40% methanol), denaturants (4 M urea), and neutral detergents (10% Triton X-100). However, it was inactivated by both positively and negatively charged detergents and by guanidine hydrochloride.

Selection Practices And Genetic And Phenotypic Trends Estimated From Nebraska Spf Swine Field Records, P. J. David, R. K. Johnson, T. E. Socha

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records collected during 1971 through 1979 from 101,606 pigs raised in 18 herds that were members of the Nebraska SPF Swine Accrediting Association were evaluated for phenotypic trends and predicted and observed genetic trends. Traits considered were backfat at 100 kg (BF) and weight at 140 d of age (WT). Phenotypic change on average was beneficial for BF (-.05 mm/yr) but undesirable for WT (-.2 kg/yr). However, the average observed genetic trend was nil for BF and .6 kg/yr for WT. An average, predicted response based on observed selection differentials and estimates of within herd-sex genetic parameters was in good …

American Society Of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal Acceptance Speech, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Transcript of American Society of Parasitologists Henry Baldwin Ward Medal acceptance speech, by Daniel R. Brooks, in 1985.

Use Of Double Sample Plans In Insect Sampling With Reference To The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Jan P. Nyrop, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

When used in a pest control decision-making context, protocols for obtaining sample information on insect numbers can be evaluated via three properties: the operating characteristic (OC), the average sample number (ASN), and the availability of methods for calculating the OC and ASN. On the average, sequential sample plans have lower ASN's, and OC's are comparable to fixed sample-size procedures. The two most commonly used sequential procedures for insect sampling are Wald's probability ratio test and a test proposed by Iwao. Each of these methods has limitations. An alternative to sequential procedures is double sampling. Double sample plans developed for the …

Comparison Of Vacuum And Carbon Dioxide-Cone Sampling Devices For Arthropods In Flooded Rice, Merle Shepard, G. Aquino, E. R. Ferrer, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leafhoppers (Nepholett.ix spp.), whitebacked planthoppers, [Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)]. brown planthoppers [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)], ripple bugs (Micrvuelia atrolineala Bergoth), a predatory myrid (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter) and spiders were sampled from flooded rice using a vacuum sampling device (FARMCOP) and a cone sampler (C0₂NE). The vacuum sampler was a modified automobile vacuum cleaner powered by batteries and the cone sampler required carbon dioxide gas and aluminum cones. The FARMCOP sampler yielded significantly higher mean numbers of most arthropods except spiders. However, the coefficients of variation for the two techniques were approximately equal and the C0 …

Galactose Transport In Streptococcus Thermophilus, Robert W. Hutkins, Howard A. Morris, Larry L. Mckay

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Although Streptococcus thermophilus accumulated [¹⁴C]lactose in the absence of an endogenous energy source, galactose-fermenting (Gal⁺) cells were unable to accumulate [¹⁴C]galactose unless an additional energy source was added to the test system. Both Gal⁺ and galactose-nonfermenting (Gal^-) strains transported galactose when preincubated with sucrose. Accumulation was inhibited 50 or 95% when 10 niM sodium fluoride or 1.0 mM iodoacetic acid, respectively, was added to sucrose-treated cells, indicating that ATP was required for galactose transport activity. Proton-conducting ionophores also inhibited galactose uptake, although N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide had no effect. The results suggest …

Galactokinase Activity In Streptococcus Thermophilus, Robert W. Hutkins, Howard A. Morris, Larry L. Mckay

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

ATP-dependent phosphorylation of [¹⁴Cigalactose by 11 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus indicated that these organisms possessed the Leloir enzyme, galactokinase (galK). Activities were 10 times higher in fully induced, galactose-fermenting (Gal⁺) strains than in galactose-nonfermenting (Gal-) strains. Lactose-grown, Gal^- cells released free galactose into the medium and were unable to utilize residual galactose or to induce galK above basal levels. Gal⁺ S. thermophilus 19258 also released galactose into the medium, but when lactose was depleted growth on galactose commenced, and galK increased from 0.025 to 0.22 μmol of galactose phosphorylated per min per mg of …

Eimeria Species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Infecting Peromyscus Rodents In The Southwestern United States And Northern Mexico With Description Of A New Species, David W. Reducker, Lynn Ann Hertel, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp.) collected from various localities in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of 54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21 (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis, Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; …

“Notes” From Nebraska Bird Review (September 1985) 53(3)

Nebraska Bird Review

RE SWAN GEESE IN KEITH COUNTY. A recent account (NBR 53:4) of Chinese Geese (domestic forms of the Swan Goose are called Chinese Geese –Ed.) in Keith County seems to suggest that the birds were of natural occurrence. No wild individuals of this species have ever been reported in North America, however, and it may in fact be declining in its native range. It is exceedingly common, though, in zoos and parks as well as on farms, where it is often only nominally a captive; birds are readily available and are not typically afforded the close watch given more valuable …

Relationship Between Planthoppers (Nilaparvata Lugens And Sogatella Furcifera) And Rice Diseases, S. C. Lee, D. M. Matias, T. W. Mew, J. S. Sorino, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens

(Still) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on …

Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate Of Tall Fescue-Leaf Area Vs. Leaf Weight Basis, Wallace Wilhelm, C. J. Nelson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The basis used for expression of carbon dioxide exchange rate (CER) of single leaves may alter the relative ranking of genotypes being selected for a breeding program. Therefore, field and growth chamber experiments were conducted on 16 genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to determine the relative merit of expressing CER data on a leaf area or leaf weight basis. Genotypes were grown in plots in the field and in pots in the growth chamber. The CER was measured using an infrared gas analyzer. Herbage yield was determined. Significant genotypic variation within experiments was found for CER when …

Nebraska Bird Review (September 1985) 53(3), Whole Issue

Nebraska Bird Review

1984 Nebraska Nesting Survey … 46

1985 (Sixtieth) Spring Occurrence Report … 50

Hybrid Bluebirds in the Pine Ridge … 67

Notes … 67

Book Review … 68

Hybrid Bluebirds In The Pine Ridge, Barbara L. Wilson, Jim Minyard, Hope Minyard, Tanya Bray

Nebraska Bird Review

A hybrid pair of bluebirds is raising young in Dawes County, Nebraska, in the yard of Jim and Hope Minyard, approximately 8 miles south of Crawford. The female of the pair is a Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides). She is basically a dull gray bluebird, with little contrast between upperparts and underparts. There is no rusty or tan on her breast, and no sharp demarcation between the gray breast and the lighter belly. Her rump and the bases of her outer tail feathers are a light, bright blue, while the other tail feathers and the primaries are blackish. When …

1985 (Sixtieth) Spring Occurrence Report

Nebraska Bird Review

Two hundred ninety-two species, plus Clark’s Nutcracker, for which no specific dates were reported, and Lapland Longspur, which was not recorded, are listed in this report, from 22 locations. The comparable figures for 1984 are 293 and one possible, from 13 locations; 1983 288 and 2 possibles from 13; and 1982 287 from 15 locations.

Masthead From Nebraska Bird Review (September 1985) 53(3)

Nebraska Bird Review

Published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc., as its official journal and sent to all members who are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions (on calendar year basis only) are $10.00 per year in the United States, $12.00 per year in Canada and Mexico, and $12.50 per year in all other countries, payable in advance. Single copies are $3.00 each, postpaid, in the United States; $3.50 elsewhere.

Memberships (on a calendar year basis only): Students, $.3.00; Active, $7.00; Sustaining, $15.00; Family Sustaining, $20.00; Life, $100.00.

All dues and subscriptions should be remitted to …