Life Sciences Commons^™

Kc 4.2: “Principles Text” In Action In Outstanding And Ordinary Landscapes, Nora Mitchell Dr, Steve Brown Dr., Lionella Scazzosi Dr., Jane Lennon Dr., Brenda Barrett

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

In 2011, the ICOMOS-IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes (ISCCL)began a cultural project, the World Rural LandscapesInitiative, with the goal of a wide and systematic approach to cultural heritage for rural areas both outstanding and ordinary) that has not been sufficiently developed in the past. A first goal has been achieved: “Principles Concerning Rural Landscape as Heritage” was adopted as a doctrinal text by ICOMOS (Delhi 2017) and translated in English, French, Chinese, Spanish and Arabian (worldrurallandscapes.org).

This Knowledge Café will focus on methods and case studies to implement the main premises and contents …

Panel 3 Paper 3.2: Nature, Agriculture And Rural Resilience: Interdependencies Between Natural Protected Areas And Rural Landscapes In Satoyama/Satoumi In Japan, Maya N. Ishizawa

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

The Capacity Building Workshops on Nature-Culture Linkages in Heritage Conservation (CBWNCL), held at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, gather Asia-Pacific heritage professionals with the aim of creating a platform of mutual-learning and exchange between the culture and nature sectors. In the first workshop on Agricultural Landscapes, from 14 case studies, 5 showed natural protected areas in tense relations with their rural landscape surroundings. However, these agricultural landscapes are essential for protecting natural values, as they form part of their larger ecosystems. In the second workshop on Sacred Landscapes, from 16 case studies, 5 case studies were also …

Panel 1 Paper 1.3: Le Paysage Rural Patrimonial, Outil Et Projet Au Service De La Lutte Contre Le Réchauffement Climatique, Régis Ambroise

ISCCL Scientific Symposia and Annual General Meetings // Symposiums scientifiques et assemblées générales annuelles de l'ISCCL // Simposios científicos yy las Asambleas Generales Anuales

Cette intervention fait référence au paragraphe de la résolution19GA 2017/30 du Conseil International des Monuments et des Sites indiquant que « la 19° Assemblée générale de l’ICOMOS… salue l’adoption de l’accord de Paris et encourage tous les membres de l’ICOMOS à renforcer leurs efforts pour appuyer sa mise en œuvre et identifier les réponses qui s’appuient sur le patrimoine ou les paysages culturels… ». Elle prend l’exemple de la façon dont les paysages de terrasses ont été abordés ces dernières années dans trois situations différentes : en France, dans le Guizhou en Chine et dans le Priorat en Espagne.

En …

Reimagining The One-Shot - A Student-Centered Approach For Introducing First-Year Students To The Library, Alissa Link

New England Library Instruction Group

This session explored how a traditional library instruction session was adapted to give students a richer and more interactive learning experience leading to the expansion of a collaboration between an introductory biology class and the library. The session detailed the adaption of an existing lesson plan, creation of an asynchronous scavenger hunt, and addition of a student-centered, hands-on assignment.

To encourage self-driven learning, the library instruction session was redesigned to include hands-on, in-class components and an asynchronous scavenger hunt. Both changes were enthusiastically received by the course faculty.

The end result of the adapted curriculum for the introductory biology course …

Repeated Applications Of Callisto And Devrinol On Newly Planted Cranberry Vines, Hilary A. Sandler, Katherine Ghantous, Krystal Demoranville

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

To evaluate the weed control provided by various combinations of preemergence applications of Devrinol (napropamide) and postemergence applications of Callisto (mesotrione) in newly planted and 1-yr-old cranberry vines, six 2-yr experiments were conducted during 2009-2012. Three sites were treated in the year of planting plus the subsequent year (called “new plantings”) and three sites were treated in their second year of growth plus the subsequent year (called “second-year plantings”). Ten treatments, delivered in 3,735 L ha^-1 water, were administered each year: Devrinol at 3.36 kg ai ha^-1 applied once, twice, thrice or once followed by (fb) one …

Screening Of Post Herbicides For Controlling Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes Caroliana) In New Jersey Cranberry Beds, Thierry Besancon, Baylee Carr, Peter Oudemans

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract.

New Jersey produced 27 million kg of cranberries in 2015 at a farm value of $22 million (USDA 2017). Cranberry beds in New Jersey are concentrated in the Pine Barrens coastal plain where soil conditions (sandy texture, pH 4.0 to 5.0, good drainage) are optimal for cranberry production. The perennial nature of cranberry production predisposes the crop to a diversity of weed species ranging from herbaceous weeds to woody perennial species. Among perennial weed species, Carolina redroot has been an increasing source of concern for New Jersey cranberry growers regarding the lack of sufficient control from their current management …

Biocontrol Of Moss With Sodium Bicarbonate, Jocelyn Moreau

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Cranberry growers struggle with controlling the presence of moss of different species in their fields. Few chemical treatments have been tested in the past with mixed results. In organic production, no solution is available for such control. A few web references mention the use of baking soda on driveways and other structures in order to eradicate mosse. The aim of this project was to assess the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate to control moss in productive cranberry bogs without damaging the plants.

Many sources of information on the Web refer to a dose of 30 g / liter (4oz / …

Moss As An Emerging Weed Problem In Cranberry, Katherine Ghantous, Hilary A. Sandler

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Moss is an emerging weed issue in Massachusetts and other cranberry growing regions. Although present in cranberry for decades as a minor weed, growers have recently begun to perceive it as becoming more widespread and difficult to control despite practices, such as improved drainage and water management, that should discourage moss growth. Of growers surveyed at the 2016 UMass Cranberry Management Update Meeting, 67% reported having moss on their farms (n=100), 41 % said they felt it was more common than it was 5 years ago (n=85), and 41% said they considered moss to be a problematic weed (n=96). …

Cranberry Institute Update, Terry Humfeld

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Terry Humfeld, Executive Director of the Cranberry Institute was invited to present an update to the NACREW17 attendees.

Predictive Models Of Moth Development, Elissa Chasen, Shawn Steffan

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Degree-day models link ambient temperature to insect life-stages, making such models valuable tools in integrated pest management. These models increase management efficacy by predicting pest phenology. In Wisconsin, the top insect pest of cranberry production is the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Control of this species is often complicated by the fact that the larvae feed entirely within the fruit. Timing of control tactics is therefore critical and generally targets the adult and egg stages. The first part of this research was conducted in the laboratory to determine the upper and lower temperature-mediated growth thresholds of this …

Progress In The Mechanization Of Mating Disruption Deployment, Natalie Eisner, Elissa Chasen, Brian Luck, Shawn Steffan

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

The American Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae) is the most significant fruit crop in Wisconsin, accounting for almost 85% of the states total value of fruit production. A challenge faced by cranberry growers is managing for insect pests that cause economic damage. Presently, growers use insecticides to manage insect pest populations. However, insecticides also cause mortality in beneficial insects - including pollinators and natural enemies. An alternative for reducing insect populations in cranberry marshes is Mating Disruption (MD), which uses pheromones to prevent and delay mating. MD systems function by sending out false plumes of the insect’s sex pheromones …

Managing Surface Water Inputs To Reduce Phosphorus Losses From Cranberry Farms, Casey Kennedy, Peter Kleinman, Carolyn J. Demoranville, Kyle Elkin, Ray Bryant, Anthony Buda

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

In Massachusetts, cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production accounts for one-fourth of US cranberry supply, but water quality concerns, water use, and wetland protection laws threaten the sustainability and future viability of the state’s cranberry industry. Pond water used for harvest and winter flooding accounts for up to two-thirds of phosphorus (P) losses in drainage waters. Consequently, use of P sorbing salts to treat pond water holds promise in the mitigation of P losses from cranberry farms. Laboratory evaluation of aluminum (Al)-, iron (Fe)-, and calcium (Ca)-based salts was conducted to determine the application rate required for reducing P …

Regional And Temporal Parasite Loads In Bumble Bees Associated With Cranberry Landscapes, Noel Hahn, Andrea Couto, Anne Averill

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract.

There are concerns that the fitness of bumble bees that provide pollination services to cranberry could suffer within intensively managed agricultural lands. In the cranberry region of Massachusetts, the crop occurs within urbanized coastal and sand plains that generally lack floral resources. Additional stressors that compromise the health of bumble bee colonies could be the reduction of habitat and infections by parasites. In contrast to the lack of floral resources in the region, the mass bloom of managed cranberry provides abundant floral resources around July. We examined the prevalence and intensity of pathogen infection in bumble bees collected across …

Impact Of Fertilization On The Firmness Of Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon Ait.), S.M. Reza Jamaly, Sebastien Marchand, Serge-Etienne Parent, Silvio Jose Gumiere, Jean-Pierre Deland, Leon-Etienne Parent

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract.

Québec is one of the leading cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) or called ‘Atoka’ in the Iroquoian language, producers in the world. Fertilization is a key management tool to reach high fruit yield and good quality. For example, in blueberries, rates and application methods of fertilizers can affect fruit firmness. N showed the greatest effect on the development, flowering, and productivity of the cranberry plant. On the other side, hand harvesting is preferred for marketing of fresh fruit since the physical abuse of mechanical harvesting reduces fruit firmness and substantially reduces market life. The objective of this research was …

Control Of Carolina Redroot (Lachnanthes Caroliana) In Cranberry With Preemergence Herbicides, Baylee Carr, Thierry Besancon, Dan Schiffhauer

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract.

New Jersey produced 27 million kg of cranberries in 2015 at a farm value of $22 million (USDA 2017). Cranberry beds in New Jersey are concentrated in the Pine Barrens coastal plain where soil conditions (sandy texture, pH 4.0 to 5.0, good drainage) are optimal for cranberry production. The perennial nature of cranberry production predisposes the crop to a diversity of weed species ranging from herbaceous weeds to woody perennial species. Among perennial weed species, Carolina redroot has been an increasing source of concern for New Jersey cranberry growers regarding the lack of sufficient control from their current management …

Population Densities Of Lepidopteran Pests In Selected Cranberry Cultivars In Wisconsin, Erin Mcmahan, Shawn Steffan, Christelle Guedot

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Host plant resistance, an important strategy of integrated pest management, was examined in the American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae). Despite the pressure on cranberry growers to reduce pesticide usage, host plant resistance is not used to help manage insect populations. This study measured field population densities of the three most economically important pest insects in Wisconsin, namely, cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis vaccinii Riley), sparganothis fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana Clemens), and blackheaded fireworm (Rhopobota naevana Hu¨bner), in five different cranberry cultivars, i.e., ‘Stevens’, ‘Ben Lear’, ‘GH1’, ‘Mullica Queen’, and ‘HyRed’.

Population densities of male moths of all three …

Soil Moisture Management And Variability In Cranberry Beds, Peter Jeranyama, Casey Kennedy, Carolyn Demoranville, Rebecca Brennan

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract.

Summer irrigation is a major management input in cranberry production, and traditionally, cranberry beds have received 25 mm of water per week from either rain, capillary action from groundwater, irrigation , or some combination of these from late spring through the summer. However, environmental conditions and drainage characteristics can vary from bog to bog, meaning that the 25-mm rule does not always result in ideal soil moisture conditions. Measurement of cranberry soil water status has been based on two technologies; (i) measuring the amount of water in the soil using volumetric water sensors or measuring the depth of the …

New Brunswick Cranberry Industry Update, Gavin Graham

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

New Brunswick growers produced cranberries on over 900 acres in 2016 and had a record harvest of 13,780 barrels last season. Growers are having difficulty navigating the low price concerns, and have begun to limit expenses and treatments as best they can. They are monitoring for pesticide application more than ever and have moved towards more effective use of irrigation in recent years. Weeds are beginning to be more problematic in fields, but this could also be from a mild winter. Other pest pressures have been low in 2017. One grower had extensive early leaf drop in the spring, …

Cranberry Toad Bugs: What Are They?, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Vera Kyryczenko-Roth, Robert Holdcraft

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been an increased concern among New Jersey cranberry growers for the potential increase in secondary pests, such as the cranberry toad bug Phylloscelis atra (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae), because of changes in pest management strategies (e.g., adoption of new reduced-risk products and decreased applications of broad-spectrum insecticides). In 2013, we observed damage in cranberry bogs caused by the cranberry toad bug in New Jersey. Here we report results from studies being conducted to: 1) determine the life cycle of cranberry toad bugs in New Jersey cranberries; 2) determine the impact of toad bug feeding damage on …

The Usda Cranberry Entomology Lab: Highlights From 2011-2016, Shawn Steffan

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Biological, chemical, and cultural control methods have been investigated as part of the cranberry crop protection program pursued in the USDA Cranberry Entomology Laboratory. Surveys of native entomopathogenic nematodes in Wisconsin have produced a new bio-insecticide agent (Oscheius onirici subsp. wisconsinensis), which shows high virulence against flea beetles, cranberry fruitworm, and sparganothis fruitworm. Other biological control studies have examined spider densities in flooded vs. sprayed cranberry beds, showing that flooding conserves hyper-abundant beneficial arthropod populations, such as spiders and springtails. Flooding also appears to directly reduce populations of black-headed fireworm and sparganothis fruitworm, while having no negative …

Spring Frost Prediction Models In Cranberry, Peter Jeranyama

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

The cranberry industry in MA has long been served by predictive formulas for cranberry frost protection, diligently created by Dr. Franklin in the 1940s. Recently, climate patterns and grower winter management practices have changed, and in several of the last few years, a need for frost prediction as early as the last week of March has emerged. Likewise, in the fall, late harvesting has become a more regular practice, so that prediction for the first two weeks of November is also needed. Because the Franklin formulas were developed for specific seasonal periods, their use outside of these intervals yields …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Cranberry Fresh Fruit Keeping Quality, Jean-Pierre Deland, Reza Jamaly, Leon-Etienne Parent, David Bellamy

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

In this research project we compared the keeping quality of fruits harvested in plots fertilized during the last three years with 0, 13, 27, 40 and 54 lbs of nitrogen/acre. The nitrogen treatments were applied on small plots of 10 X 13 feet and split into four applications during bloom. The treatments were replicated two times per site in each of one organic and three conventional sites. The nitrogen fertilization had an effect on the keeping quality in both conventional and organic sites, with the best keeping quality obtained with a nitrogen fertilization of 0 or 13 lbs/acre (10% …

Cranberry Field Rot, Storage Rot, Fresh Fruit Keeping Quality And Yield In Washington As A Function Of Variety, Type Of Fungicide(S) Applied, And The Number And Timing Of Applications, Kim Patten, Chase Metzger, David Bellamy

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Replicated trials were conducted on cranberry beds with high levels of fruit rotting pathogens to assess fungicide effects on field rot, storage rot and yield. There was considerable variability between years, experiments and fungicide treatments. A few patterns emerged. Chlorothalonil applied early to mid-bloom consistently increased yield of marketable fruit (22 ± 9%) and reduced fruit rot (46 ± 8.6%). Similar patterns in fruit rot reduction were noted with combinations of azoxystrobin and prothioconazole and other combinations of groups 11 and 3 fungicides applied during bloom, but the effects on yield were less consistent. In multiple trials comparing the …

Overview Of Tobacco Streak Virus And Blueberry Shock Virus In Cranberry, Lindsay Wells-Hansen, Sara Thomas-Sharma, Patricia Mcmanus

North American Cranberry Researcher and Extension Workers Conference

Abstract:

Tobacco streak virus (TSV) and Blueberry shock virus (BlShV) are associated with berry scarring symptoms in cranberries in several growing regions. The scarring symptoms associated with TSV and BlShV are identical, and the cause can only be distinguished when samples are tested for these viruses. Cranberry plants infected with TSV or BlShV recovered from symptoms the year after berry scarring occurred, but continued to test positive for the respective virus. Fruit set and berry weight were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in symptomatic, virus-positive cranberry plants, but recovered plants yielded comparably to healthy plants. Both viruses are systemic and can be detected in all plant parts. However, both viruses are unevenly distributed in plants, which can affect virus detection and transmission. BlShV is detected in cranberry pollen and seedlings, while TSV is detected only in pollen and not seedlings. Detection of these viruses in pollen suggests that pollen is a potential source of inoculum for the spread of these viruses. However, artificial inoculation of cranberry flowers by pollination did not result in disease transmission of either virus. Unlike BlShV, which is found only on one other host (i.e., blueberry), TSV has a wide host range. Phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein of isolates of TSV revealed variability among strains both within and between growing regions. BlShV on cranberry was relatively less variable, but did not indicate grouping by growing regions. Additionally, the coat protein of BlShV from cranberry shared only 90% identity compared to BlShV on blueberry, suggesting different strains on the two hosts. Although the immediate effect(s) of TSV and BlShV on cranberry seem to be minimal, the potential long-term effect(s) of these viruses, alone or in mixed infections with other viruses, remain unknown.

Session C9: Cle Elum Dam Fish Passage: Novel, Research Driven Designs To Allow Downstream Passage For Juvenile Salmonids, Jason Wagner

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

When Cle Elum Dam (Washington, USA) was constructed, a highly productive sockeye salmon fishery was lost. As part of the proposed Yakima Basin Integrated Plan, fish passage will be restored at this site. For the migrating adults, a trap and haul fish collection facility will be constructed. For downstream juvenile salmon passage, a selective level outlet works, helical fish slide, and outfall will be constructed. The juvenile passage features groundbreaking research; primarily that of the helical fish slide. The presentation will cover aspects of the history of the project, the research driven designs, and the final designs (to be …

Session E9: Function Control Of Fish Migration Facilities At The Hydro Power Plant Kostheim At River Main, Dr. Jörg Schneider

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

Applying various conventional and modern monitoring methods a function control of downstream migration facilities and turbine passage related mortality was conducted at the Kostheim Hydro Plant (4,9 MW; two Kaplan turbines; Δh max. 3,74 m, at MQ 2,36 m) at the river Main (km 3,2). Furthermore, the perceptibility and passability of a nature-like bypass for upstream migration was examined. Results showed a size selectivity of the bypass caused by an unsuitable entrance position 40 m downstream of the outlet of the turbines. The effectiveness of the downstream migration facilities proved to be low, leading to high mortalities at the …

Session A9: To Fill Or Not To Fill: Stream Simulation And Embedded Aquatic Organism Passage Structures, Robert Gubernick, Dan Cenderelli, Mark Weinhold, Dale Higgins, Jessica Kozarek, Sara Mielke

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

Throughout North America stream simulation and embedded / recessed culverts are used to facilitate the passage of aquatic organisms thru road stream crossings. Although the concept of naturelike streambeds inside these structures is widely embraced, the design methodology and construction practice varies widely between state and federal agencies. Much debate has occurred with one specific requirement, whether or not to place stream bed material inside these structures. Not placing bed material inside structures assumes on going sediment transport processes will fill the structure’s interior with streambed materials. This is assumed to be a cost saving measure from both a …

Session C9: Priest Rapids Fish Bypass: A Case Study From Start To Finish, Curtis Dotson

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

Priest Rapids Dam is a large (955 MW) hydroelectric dam on the Columbia River in Washington State, USA. As part of regulatory requirements associated with its FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) license and other agreements, the Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, WA was required to design and install non-turbine fish passage for downstream migrating juvenile salmonids at the dam, for the purpose to help meet its pre-establish survival standards for salmonid smolts passing through the Priest Rapids Hydroelectric Project during their downstream migration. This presentation is a case study highlighting the numerous steps that went into …

Session A9: Maintaining Agency Capacity For Ongoing And Future Road-Stream Crossing Challenges, Kurt Gernerd

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

The USDA Forest Service is dedicated to managing the habitat, watersheds and terrestrial and aquatic organisms that live and migrate through the National Forest lands and waters throughout the United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. To achieve our mission and advance sound stewardship of all natural and manmade resources, we work closely with tribes, local, state and federal agencies, our stakeholders, and partners to find sciencebased solutions to complex ecological issues. Within our National Forests there is a large transportation network that is vital to communities and the economy, and this network also includes many road‐stream crossings, which …

Session B9: How Fish Use And Process Flow Information, Joachim Mogdans, Horst Bleckmann

International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage

Abstract:

Fish use the mechanosensory lateral line and the acoustic system for the processing of hydrodynamic information. With their lateral line fish perceive the amplitude, direction and frequency content of water motions relative to their body and tail fin surface as well as local pressure gradients across their head and trunk. With the acoustic system fish detect the particle displacement component and the pressure amplitude of a sound wave. Both, the lateral line and acoustic system, play an important role in many fish behaviors, including schooling, predator avoidance, intraspecific communication and prey detection. With the acoustic system fish not only …