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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Crop/Livestock Integration Effects On Soil Quality, Crop Production, And Soil Nitrogen Dynamics, Ellen B. Mallory
Crop/Livestock Integration Effects On Soil Quality, Crop Production, And Soil Nitrogen Dynamics, Ellen B. Mallory
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Regional integration of potato and dairy farms has developed in Maine through arrangements where manure, feed, and sometimes land, are exchanged between neighboring farms. The effects of integration on soil quality, crop production, nitrogen (N) cycling, and N loss were investigated in field and laboratory studies of contrasting amended (manure, compost, green manure, and supplemental fertilizer) and nonamended (fertilizer only) soil management systems within 2-year potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotations in the Maine Potato Cropping Systems Project (MPEP). Additionally, soil quality of 48 integrated and nonintegrated Maine potato and dairy farm fields was assessed. The MPEP’s amended soil system enhanced …
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Daily Oral Supplementation With 800 Iu Cholecalciferol In Premenopausal Women Living In Maine, Monica Nelson
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Daily Oral Supplementation With 800 Iu Cholecalciferol In Premenopausal Women Living In Maine, Monica Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] response to daily supplementation with 800 IU vitamin D3 during winter in premenopausal women living in Maine, and to examine the effects of body composition and hormonal contraceptive use on baseline serum 25(OH)D levels and the response to supplementation. One hundred twelve women (22.2±3.7 years old) received placebo from March 2005 until September 2005 when they were randomized to receive either placebo or 800 IU vitamin D3 through February 2006. Eighty-six women completed the study. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Actual vitamin D3 content …
Mechanics Of Burrowing In Muddy Sediments, Kelly M. Dorgan
Mechanics Of Burrowing In Muddy Sediments, Kelly M. Dorgan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Marine muds are elastic solids through which animals move by propagating a crack-shaped burrow. Dilations previously considered anchors serve to exert dorsoventral compressive stresses on the burrow walls that, through elastic behavior of the medium, focus strongly at the tip of the burrow. This focused stress breaks adhesive or cohesive bonds, propagating a crack for the animal to follow. The force exerted by the polychaete, Nereis virens, to propagate a crack has been measured in gelatin, an analogue of muddy sediment, through photoelastic stress analysis. Finite element analysis was used to convert measured forces to those exerted in natural sediments …
Development Of A Soy-Blueberry Burger And The Changes In Anthocyanins And Phenolics During Storage And Broiling, Pamela Beth Small
Development Of A Soy-Blueberry Burger And The Changes In Anthocyanins And Phenolics During Storage And Broiling, Pamela Beth Small
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Blueberries are high in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which make them one of the leading sources of antioxidants. When added to foods, antioxidants can increase shelf life, maintain nutritional quality, and retard production of heterocyclic amines in meats during cooking thus having the potential to be of great significance to the food industry. Soy and soy-based foods have been gaining in popularity as a functional food for specific health conditions. Increased media coverage touting the health benefits of soy has generated a rise in consumer awareness. Two soy-blueberry burgers were prepared using 10 and 15% blueberry puree. A soy burger …
The Long-Term Effects Of A Group-Selection Timber Harvest On The Bird Community Of An Oak-Pine Forest In Maine, Stephen P. Campbell
The Long-Term Effects Of A Group-Selection Timber Harvest On The Bird Community Of An Oak-Pine Forest In Maine, Stephen P. Campbell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bird populations have been monitored at the Holt Research Forest in Arrowsic, Maine since 1983 as part of a long-term forest ecosystem study. In the winter of 1987-1988, 10 ha of the 40-ha study area were subjected to a group-selection timber harvest (i.e., a harvest that creates canopy gaps by removing small groups of trees). I analyzed the first 20 years of these data (5 years of pre-harvest data and 15 years of post-harvest data) for changes in abundance and spatial distribution of birds in response to the harvest. Although species’ responses to the group-selection harvest were idiosyncratic, two general …
Assessing The Sustainability Of Agricultural Systems, Laura L. Kramar
Assessing The Sustainability Of Agricultural Systems, Laura L. Kramar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work constructs and tests a comparative technique that can be used to determine the ability of agricultural systems to meet multiple objectives of sustainability. Assessments are based on an agricultural system's ability to maintain five system stocks that represent environmental capital, social capital, human capital, physical capital, and financial capital. The capital stocks are measured as stock objectives, which are decomposed as indicators to calculate agricultural system scores. An examination of the complexity of agro-ecosystems and the multiple equilibria produced by balancing multiple objectives is used to explain the alternative criteria used in this comparative technique to evaluate agricultural …
Assessment Of The Flame Angelfish (Centropyge Loriculus) As A Model Species In Studies On Egg And Larval Quality In Marine Fishes, Chatham K. Callan
Assessment Of The Flame Angelfish (Centropyge Loriculus) As A Model Species In Studies On Egg And Larval Quality In Marine Fishes, Chatham K. Callan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This project sought to determine if flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) could serve as models in examination of environmental and dietary effects on egg quality in marine fishes. Evaluation of 21 marine ornamental species identified flame angelfish as being amenable to egg quality research, due to their rapid conditioning and frequency of spawning. At the onset of this project, accidental copper introduction to broodstock systems required assays to determine the effects of copper exposure on survival and reproduction. Flame angelfish exhibited accute sensitivity to copper, as 60% of fish exposed to 0.25mg/L died within 12 hours of exposure. Likewise, fish exposed …
The Effects Of Forest Practices On A Maine Amphibian Community, David A. Patrick
The Effects Of Forest Practices On A Maine Amphibian Community, David A. Patrick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Changes in forest habitat have been linked to global declines in amphibian populations, but little research has been conducted into the mechanisms causing these declines. This study evaluated the effects of changes in forest habitat on the spatial distribution of a Maine amphibian community, focusing on juvenile wood frogs, Rana sylvatica. Juvenile wood frogs emerging from artificial ponds did not orient towards preferred habitat and a significant number of animals maintained the same directionality documented at the site from which larval individuals were collected. Abundance and habitat use differed among adults of 9 species of amphibians in a replicated …
The Effects Of Clearcutting And Glyphosate Herbicide Use On Parasitic Wasps In Maine Forests, Kristopher J. Abell
The Effects Of Clearcutting And Glyphosate Herbicide Use On Parasitic Wasps In Maine Forests, Kristopher J. Abell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Parasitic wasps (parasitoids) play an important role as natural enemies of insects and contribute substantially to world biodiversity (May, 1988), yet they have received relatively little attention outside of agricultural settings. Clearcut harvesting and herbicide (glyphosate) application are frequent and widespread disturbances in Maine forests that drastically alter the local environment. Parasitoids are particularly susceptible to disturbance for several reasons: 1) they are vulnerable to small changes in environmental conditions, 2) they occupy a high trophic level, and 3) many are host specific. However, there may be potential benefits of disturbance such as increased food resources (floral nectaries) and increased …
Systematics Of The Lobulomycetales, A New Order Within The Chytridiomycota, David Rabern Simmons
Systematics Of The Lobulomycetales, A New Order Within The Chytridiomycota, David Rabern Simmons
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, the polyphyletic order Chytridiales, one of the four orders in the Chytridiomycota, contains several well-supported clades. One species, Chytriomyces angularis, however, does not group within the robust clades of the Chytridiales or any other chytrid order. The light-level morphology and zoospore ultrastructure of this aquatic species also differ from those of the type species of the genus Chytriomyces. I amassed nine additional pure culture isolates of soil-inhabiting chytrids with morphologies or rDNA sequences similar to C. angularis, including two isolates of C. poculatus, and studied the molecular phylogeny of these ten …
Gelation Of Previously Cooked Jonah Crab (Cancer Borealis) Minced Meat In New Food Product Development, Shari R. Baxter
Gelation Of Previously Cooked Jonah Crab (Cancer Borealis) Minced Meat In New Food Product Development, Shari R. Baxter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gelation of meat products plays an important role in utilization of by-products. Low-value muscle tissue that may go to waste can be reformed into new products that consumers find acceptable and want to purchase. In the crab industry, the need for byproduct utilization is great. Crab processing typically involves cooking whole crabs and picking the claw meat. A lower grade minced meat can then be extracted mechanically from the walking legs and carapace of the crab. Traditional protein chemistry indicates that only raw muscle proteins can form gels. However, by using a modified surimi processing technique, previously cooked Jonah crab …
Notch Regulation Of Human Breat Cancer Progression: Contrasting Roles For Notch Signaling, Christine F. O'Neill
Notch Regulation Of Human Breat Cancer Progression: Contrasting Roles For Notch Signaling, Christine F. O'Neill
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Notch signaling is associated with activation of either oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities. The human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-231, was characterized in vitro and in xenografts in vivo to test the hypothesis that activation of Notch signaling regulates mammary tumor phenotype. Notch 1, Notch2, and Notch4 signaling was compared by stable expression of their constitutively active intracellular domains (ICD). Notch4 activation led to enhanced tumorigenicity, in addition to increased cell proliferation and survival in vitro, whereas the activation of Notch 1 or Notch2 decreased cell proliferation and survival, in which Notch2 increased apoptosis. Stably transfected cell lines were …
Effects Of Forest Management On Click Beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Assemblages In The Acadian Forest Of Maine, Shelly L. Thomas
Effects Of Forest Management On Click Beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Assemblages In The Acadian Forest Of Maine, Shelly L. Thomas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) assemblages were examined in three experiments in the Acadian forest of Maine. First, I used flight intercept traps to compare Elaterid assemblages in stands that developed after clearcut, shelterwood, and selection harvests. Click beetle richness was highest in stands managed under a selection system and lowest in stands regenerated using the clearcut method. The abundance of click beetle species was lower in stands managed by clearcutting than in stands managed using the shelterwood and selection methods. Hardwood basal area was the best environmental predictor for both species richness and species abundance. Second, I examined whether Elaterid …
Myriophyllum Heterophyllum Michx. (Haloragaceae): Control And Vegetative Reproduction In Southwestern Maine, Jacolyn E. Bailey
Myriophyllum Heterophyllum Michx. (Haloragaceae): Control And Vegetative Reproduction In Southwestern Maine, Jacolyn E. Bailey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Native to the southeastern United States, variable-leaf watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) is an invasive species in the Northeast and has been documented in Maine lakes for twenty years. Variable-leaf watermilfoil is targeted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection as a species of grave concern as it has aggressively colonized twenty-six water bodies in Maine. This aquatic invasive plant grows in dense mats and outcompetes native vegetation. It is causing both ecological and economic disruption to Maine's lakes and ponds. The plants clog boat motors and deter people from swimming and other water related activities. Allofragmentation and autofragmentation occur …
Substrate Availability And Regeneration Microsites Of Tolerant Conifers In Mixed-Species Stands In Maine, Jamie K. Weaver
Substrate Availability And Regeneration Microsites Of Tolerant Conifers In Mixed-Species Stands In Maine, Jamie K. Weaver
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates regeneration in mixed-species stands in the Acadian Forest of Maine. We examined the effect of silvicultural intensity on available regeneration substrates and how seedling-substrate relationships may be impacted by management activities. Silvicultural treatments studied include two replicates each of 5-year selection, 20-year selection, commercial clearcutting (unregulated harvesting), and three replicates of no management (defined as no harvesting for at least 50 years). We focused on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea L. Mill), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.); all four species are common within the Acadian region. …
Early Life Stage Characteristics Of Six Acadian Conifer Species: Germination And Seedling Development In A Changing Climate, Jason D. Schatz
Early Life Stage Characteristics Of Six Acadian Conifer Species: Germination And Seedling Development In A Changing Climate, Jason D. Schatz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Global climate change will drastically alter regional climates. The influence of these changes on the distribution and relative abundance of forest trees is both critically important and subject to substantial uncertainty. It will be particularly important to understand the effects of different climate scenarios on the early life stages of major tree species, because: 1) Early life stage performance and survival strongly influence the abundance of mature trees of a given species, 2) Trees are most sensitive to environmental variation during their early life stages, and 3) Our knowledge of the response of Acadian Forest tree species to environmental variation …
The Impact Of The Strawberry Bud Weevil (Anthonomus Signatus) On Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus) In Maine, Christina S. Howard
The Impact Of The Strawberry Bud Weevil (Anthonomus Signatus) On Raspberry (Rubus Idaeus) In Maine, Christina S. Howard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The response of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) plants to the loss of flower buds through the feeding and oviposition activities of the strawberry bud weevil (Anthonomus signatus), and the potential impact of this bud loss on fruit yield and quality, was studied through greenhouse and field experiments. With two cultivars of raspberry (‘Killarney’ and ‘Encore’) grown in a greenhouse, manual clipping of flower buds to simulate strawberry bud weevil (SBW) damage demonstrated that the impact on yield is dependent upon the number of buds lost, their position on the inflorescence and cultivar. In a 2006 greenhouse study, removal of primary …