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Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Carbohydrate And Polyhydroxylated Non-Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Ester And Ether Derivatives, Aoife Smith, Patricia Nobmann, Gary Henehan, Paula Bourke, Julie Dunne
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Carbohydrate And Polyhydroxylated Non-Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Ester And Ether Derivatives, Aoife Smith, Patricia Nobmann, Gary Henehan, Paula Bourke, Julie Dunne
Articles
A series of fatty acid ester and ether derivatives have been chemically synthesised based on carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate polyhydroxylated scaffolds. The synthesised compounds, along with their corresponding fatty acid monoglyceride antimicrobials, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Of the derivatives synthesised several of the carbohydrate based compounds have antimicrobial efficacy comparable with commercially available antimicrobials. The results suggest that the nature of the carbohydrate core plays a role in the efficacy of carbohydrate fatty acid derivatives as antimicrobials.
Design And Synthesis Of Carbohydrate Based Derivatives As Antimicrobial Compounds, Aoife Smith
Design And Synthesis Of Carbohydrate Based Derivatives As Antimicrobial Compounds, Aoife Smith
Doctoral
Investigations into the design of analogues of GlcNAc-Ins, the substrate for the enzyme GlcNAc-Ins deacetylase (mshB), a therapeutic target on the pathway to mycothiol biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are described. Initial studies directed towards the design of a substrate analogue were based on the 3-D structure and a proposed mechanism of action of mshB (deduced by Dr. Andrew McCarthy, EMBL). The compounds were designed with the aim to produce an analogue which could better mimic the natural substrate for mshB (GlcNAc-Ins) for crystallisation and mechanistic studies to further improve the knowledge of this enzyme. A series of fatty acid ester …
Inhibition Of Adhesion Of Streptococcus Mutans To Hydroxylapatite By Commercial Dairy Powders And Individual Milk Proteins, Rachel Halpin, Maeve O'Connor, Dolores O'Riordan, Michael O'Sullivan, Damien Brady
Inhibition Of Adhesion Of Streptococcus Mutans To Hydroxylapatite By Commercial Dairy Powders And Individual Milk Proteins, Rachel Halpin, Maeve O'Connor, Dolores O'Riordan, Michael O'Sullivan, Damien Brady
Articles
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of various dairy powders and milk constituents on the adhesion of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxylapatite (HA), an analogue of tooth enamel. Adhesion of a microorganism to a cell surface such as epithelial cells or tooth enamel is considered to be the first step in pathogenesis. Inhibiting this process may have therapeutic effects in vivo. The adherence assays were performed by incubating S. mutans with HA in the presence of each test material for 45 min, followed by centrifugal separation of the HA. Unbound bacteria were …
Dietary Intakes Of Swedish Children And Adolescents: The European Heart Study, Emma Patterson
Dietary Intakes Of Swedish Children And Adolescents: The European Heart Study, Emma Patterson
Masters
What children eat is important both for their health now and for their risk of chronic non communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, in the future. The diets of 1,121 children (aged 9 y, n=552) and adolescents (aged 15 y, n=569) were assessed by an interviewer mediated 24-hour recall, as part of the European Youth Heart Study. Group macronutrient intakes and their food sources were described, and dietary energy density (ED) and breakfast habits were employed as markers of dietary quality. The effect of socioeconomic status on these markers was investigated. The adequacy of energy-reporting in this population was also …
Assessing The Effect Of Product Variability On The Management Of The Quality Of Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus), Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Leixuri Aguirre, Helen Grogan
Assessing The Effect Of Product Variability On The Management Of The Quality Of Mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus), Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Leixuri Aguirre, Helen Grogan
Articles
To study the shelf-life of mushrooms, over 25 batches were subjected to three storage temperatures (T) (5, 15 and 25 ◦ C) and three storage relative humidity (RH) levels (70, 80 and 90%). The effect of T and the RH on the kinetics of quality attributes of the batches was studied by measuring water activity, turgor, colour (L, a* and b* in the Hunter Scale) and weight loss of three different tissues (cap, gills and stipe) of the mushroom. Linear mixed effect models, comprising polynomial models to describe quality kinetics and allowing for batch-to-batch and inside-batch nested variabilitystructure, were built. …
Recent Applications Of Chemical Imaging To Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring And Quality Control, A. A. Gowen, Colm O'Donnell, Patrick Cullen, S. Bell
Recent Applications Of Chemical Imaging To Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring And Quality Control, A. A. Gowen, Colm O'Donnell, Patrick Cullen, S. Bell
Articles
Chemical Imaging (CI) is an emerging platform technology that integrates conventional imaging and spectroscopy to attain both spatial and spectral information from an object. Vibrational spectroscopic methods, such as Near Infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy, combined with imaging are particularly useful for analysis of biological/pharmaceutical forms. The rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive features of CI mark its potential suitability as a process analytical tool for the pharmaceutical industry, for both process monitoring and quality control in the many stages of drug production. This paper provides an overview of CI principles, instrumentation and analysis. Recent applications of Raman and NIR-CI to pharmaceutical …
The Anti-Microbial Efficacy Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations And Interactions With Food Ingredients, Jorge Gutierrez, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Paula Bourke
The Anti-Microbial Efficacy Of Plant Essential Oil Combinations And Interactions With Food Ingredients, Jorge Gutierrez, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Paula Bourke
Articles
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant essential oils (EOs) in combination and to investigate the effect of food ingredients on their efficacy. The EOs assessed in combination included basil, lemon balm, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, sage and thyme. Combinations of EOs were initially screened against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the spot-on-agar test. The influence of varying concentrations of EO combinations on efficacy was also monitored using E. coli. These preliminary studies showed promising results for oregano in combination with basil, thyme or marjoram. The checkerboard method was then used …
An Investigation Of The Diets Of Infants Born In Ireland During The First Six Months Of Life, Roslyn Tarrant
An Investigation Of The Diets Of Infants Born In Ireland During The First Six Months Of Life, Roslyn Tarrant
Doctoral
Appropriate infant feeding practices play a crucial part in achieving optimal health outcomes. It is well established that the protection, promotion and support of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6-months of life would decrease the health inequalities experienced by mothers and infants (WHO/UNICEF, 2003c). Optimal weaning practices also have significant implications for infant health, notably in relation to normal development, mineral balance and the development of obesity (Department of Health, 1994). Historically, Ireland has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe. Furthermore, prior Irish-based research indicates significant deficiencies relating to weaning practices among mothers during the first year of …
Treg Depletion Inhibits Efficacy Of Cancer Immunotherapy: Implications For Clinical Trials., James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Tamer Fakhouri, Chunyan Liu, Anderson Alden, Matthew Edwards, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Treg Depletion Inhibits Efficacy Of Cancer Immunotherapy: Implications For Clinical Trials., James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Tamer Fakhouri, Chunyan Liu, Anderson Alden, Matthew Edwards, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
BACKGROUND: Regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) infiltrate human glioblastoma (GBM); are involved in tumor progression and correlate with tumor grade. Transient elimination of Tregs using CD25 depleting antibodies (PC61) has been found to mediate GBM regression in preclinical models of brain tumors. Clinical trials that combine Treg depletion with tumor vaccination are underway to determine whether transient Treg depletion can enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve long term survival in cancer patients. FINDINGS: Using a syngeneic intracrabial glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model we show that systemic depletion of Tregs 15 days after tumor implantation using PC61 resulted in a decrease in Tregs …
Turning The Gene Tap Off; Implications Of Regulating Gene Expression For Cancer Therapeutics, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Turning The Gene Tap Off; Implications Of Regulating Gene Expression For Cancer Therapeutics, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Weidong Xiong, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
Cancer poses a tremendous therapeutic challenge worldwide, highlighting the critical need for developing novel therapeutics. A promising cancer treatment modality is gene therapy, which is a form of molecular medicine designed to introduce into target cells genetic material with therapeutic intent. Anticancer gene therapy strategies currently used in preclinical models, and in some cases in the clinic, include proapoptotic genes, oncolytic/replicative vectors, conditional cytotoxic approaches, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of growth factor signaling, inactivation of oncogenes, inhibition of tumor invasion and stimulation of the immune system. The translation of these novel therapeutic modalities from the preclinical setting to the clinic …
Relevance For Food Safety Of Applications Of Nanotechnology In The Food And Feed Industry, Iona Pratt, Catherine Adley, Gordon Chambers, Wayne Anderson
Relevance For Food Safety Of Applications Of Nanotechnology In The Food And Feed Industry, Iona Pratt, Catherine Adley, Gordon Chambers, Wayne Anderson
Articles
The application of nanotechnology in the food and feed industry offers many potential benefits for both consumers and manufacturers.The ultrafine dimensions of nanoparticles, and consequently their very large surface area, enable them to function more effectively than conventional macro-scale structures in many applications. Nanotechnology is however a relatively new area of science and the benefits and risks associated with its use in the food and feed industry are not fully understood at this time.This brings with it new challenges in ensuring the safety of food and feed that has been produced with the aid of nanotechnology. This report provides an …
Food And Nutrient Intake And Attitudes Among Disadvantaged Groups On The Island Of Ireland: Summary Report, John Kearney, Daniel Mccarthy, Sarah Burke, Barbara Knox, Maria Barton
Food And Nutrient Intake And Attitudes Among Disadvantaged Groups On The Island Of Ireland: Summary Report, John Kearney, Daniel Mccarthy, Sarah Burke, Barbara Knox, Maria Barton
Reports
No abstract provided.
Update Of Clostridium Difficile Infection Due To Pcr Ribotype 027 In Europe, 2008, Denise Drudy, E. J. Kuijper, F. Barbut, J. S. Brazier
Update Of Clostridium Difficile Infection Due To Pcr Ribotype 027 In Europe, 2008, Denise Drudy, E. J. Kuijper, F. Barbut, J. S. Brazier
Articles
Since the emergence of a new virulent strain of Clostridium difficile characterised as toxinotype III, North American pulsedfield type 1 (NAP1), restriction-endonuclease analysis group type BI and PCR-ribotype 027 (Type 027), multiple outbreaks have been reported in North America and Europe [1-9]. The increased virulence of C. difficile Type 027 is thought to be associated with a 1 base pair deletion at position 117 of the tcdC gene which leads to an increased or prolonged production of toxins A and B, and possibly the production of a binary toxin [1-3]. However, these virulence factors are not unique for Type 027 …
Combination Of Natural Variability Estimation With Real Time Measurement For Mushroom Shelf Life Assessment., Leixuri Aguirre
Combination Of Natural Variability Estimation With Real Time Measurement For Mushroom Shelf Life Assessment., Leixuri Aguirre
Doctoral
The shelf life of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) is affected by the natural variability of the produce which influences the perishable vegetable quality. One of the main causes of this variability is non-homogeneity in the product maturity at harvest, resulting in each vegetable batch being at a different stage of senescence. The present work aims to study a new approach to improve the assessment of the shelf life of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) taking into account this variability. The study of variability involved the: i) study of the shelf life, quality parameters and variability of the mushrooms and modelling these experimental laboratory …
Poverty, Diet And Health Behaviours: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women., Daniel Mccartney
Poverty, Diet And Health Behaviours: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women., Daniel Mccartney
Doctoral
Demographic, socio-economic, attitudinal, dietary, health behavioural and anthropometric data were collected from 221 “disadvantaged” and 74 “advantaged” women aged 18-35 years across Dublin, according to the provisions of a novel socio-economic sampling frame. Internal and external validation techniques established the dietary assessment method of choice and identified “valid” dietary reporters (n=216, 153 disadvantaged, 63 advantaged) among this sample. Five qualitative focus groups (n=5-8 per group) were also conducted among disadvantaged women to examine their diet and health behaviour choices. Lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (172g/d vs. 405g/d, p
Evaluation Of Regulation Of Late Gene Expression In Human Papillomavirus-Infected Cervical Epithelia, Joanna Fay
Evaluation Of Regulation Of Late Gene Expression In Human Papillomavirus-Infected Cervical Epithelia, Joanna Fay
Doctoral
Cervical cancer is second only to breast cancer as the most common cancer among women worldwide and is caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of RNA-binding proteins in the expression of HPV in cervical cells and clinical samples. Firstly, an audit was performed on cervical biopsy samples taken by laser loop excision over 5 years in the National Maternity Hospital, Holles Street, Dublin, Ireland. The presence of HPV and HPV-16 was evaluated on fifty of these samples and the distribution of multiple RNA-binding proteins, including SR proteins and hnRNPs, was evaluated …
Comparative In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study Of Silver Nanoparticle On Two Mammalian Cell Lines, Gordon Chambers, Sanchali Mukherjee, Alan Casey, Niall Ó Claonadh
Comparative In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study Of Silver Nanoparticle On Two Mammalian Cell Lines, Gordon Chambers, Sanchali Mukherjee, Alan Casey, Niall Ó Claonadh
Articles
In this study the cytotoxic effect of commercially available silver (Ag) nanoparticle was evaluated using human dermal and cervical cancer cell lines. Prior to the cellular studies a full particle size characterisation was carried out using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy in distilled water and cell culture media. The Zeta Potential (ZP)associated with the Ag nanoparticle was also determined in order to assess its stability in the solutions and its possible interaction with the media. The DLS and ZP study have suggested interaction of Ag nanoparticles with the media, which can lead to secondary …
A Model Compound Study: The Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Five Organic Contaminants With A Battery Of Marine Bioassays, Ailbhe Macken, Michelle Giltrap, Barry Foley, Evin Mcgovern, Brendan Mchugh, Maria Davoren
A Model Compound Study: The Ecotoxicological Evaluation Of Five Organic Contaminants With A Battery Of Marine Bioassays, Ailbhe Macken, Michelle Giltrap, Barry Foley, Evin Mcgovern, Brendan Mchugh, Maria Davoren
Articles
This paper describes the ecotoxicological evaluation of five organic contaminants frequently detected in marine sediments (tributyltin, triphenyltin, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, and PCB 153) using three marine species (Vibrio fischeri, Tetraselmis suecica, and Tisbe battagliai). The sensitivity of each species varied for all compounds. The triorganotins were consistently the most toxic to all species. The applicability of each test system to assess the acute toxicity of environmental contaminants and their use in Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) is discussed. Suitability of the Microtox and T. battagliai tests for employment in TIE studies were further assessed through spiking experiments with tributyltin. Results demonstrated that …
The Feasibility Of Producing Vacuum-Packed Fermented Vegetable Products., Antoni Llovera
The Feasibility Of Producing Vacuum-Packed Fermented Vegetable Products., Antoni Llovera
Masters
The average intake of vegetables in Ireland falls below the recommendations of Bord Glas and FSAI. Carrots are the third most consumed vegetable in Ireland and they are an excellent source of vitamins A and B as well as phytochemicals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-known in food for their benefits such as improvement of the nutritional value of food and improvement of the digestion of lactose. Vegetable consumption could be enhanced by promoting a novel snack fermented carrot product that would provide the healthy benefits of vegetables coupled with the benefits of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Two varieties …
Heritage Awareness In County Wicklow., Anne Dagg
Heritage Awareness In County Wicklow., Anne Dagg
Masters
This research project investigated the community’s current level of heritage awareness in County Wicklow. The study was initiated by Wicklow County Council and the Heritage Council in response to objective 1, action 1.2 of the County Wicklow heritage plan 2004-2008, which pointed to the need to undertake a study to determine public attitudes towards heritage and to gauge the current level of awareness about heritage in the county. The findings of this research are being used on an ongoing basis by the Wicklow County Council and the Wicklow Heritage Forum to inform the decision making process concerning the direction and …
Towards Measuring Continuous Acoustic Feature Convergence In Unconstrained Spoken Dialogues, Spyros Kousidis, David Dorran, Yi Wang, Brian Vaughan, Charlie Cullen, Dermot Campbell, Ciaran Mcdonnell, Eugene Coyle
Towards Measuring Continuous Acoustic Feature Convergence In Unconstrained Spoken Dialogues, Spyros Kousidis, David Dorran, Yi Wang, Brian Vaughan, Charlie Cullen, Dermot Campbell, Ciaran Mcdonnell, Eugene Coyle
Conference papers
Acoustic/prosodic feature (a/p) convergence has been known to occur both in dialogues between humans, as well as in human-computer interactions. Understanding the form and function of convergence is desirable for developing next generation conversational agents, as this will help increase speech recognition performance and naturalness of synthesized speech. Currently, the underlying mechanisms by which continuous and bi-directional convergence occurs are not well understood. In this study, a direct comparison between time-aligned frames shows significant similarity in acoustic feature variation between the two speakers. The method described (TAMA) constitutes a first step towards a quantitative analysis of a/p convergence.
Use Of Neutral Electrolysed Water (Ew) For Quality Maintenance And Shelf-Life Extension Of Minimally Processed Lettuce, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Gary Henehan, José Barat
Use Of Neutral Electrolysed Water (Ew) For Quality Maintenance And Shelf-Life Extension Of Minimally Processed Lettuce, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Jesus Maria Frias, Gary Henehan, José Barat
Articles
Experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of different treatments based on the use of neutral electrolysed water (EW) on fresh-cut lettuce. EW was diluted to obtain different free chlorine concentrations (120, 60 and 12 ppm) and compared with standard washing treatment of 120 ppm chlorine solution. Shelf-life quality and safety markers were studied at the beginning and at the end of the 7-day storage at 4 ºC. The use of EW decreased the respiration rate of the samples which might be related with the observed reduction in microbial spoilage. The use of EW also increased the activity of a …
The Nudix Hydrolase 7 Is An Acyl-Coa Diphosphatase Involved In Regulating Peroxisomal Coenzyme A Homeostasis., Sarah-Jayne Reilly, Veronica Tillander, Rob Ofman, Stefan Alexson, Mary Hunt
The Nudix Hydrolase 7 Is An Acyl-Coa Diphosphatase Involved In Regulating Peroxisomal Coenzyme A Homeostasis., Sarah-Jayne Reilly, Veronica Tillander, Rob Ofman, Stefan Alexson, Mary Hunt
Articles
Coenzyme A (CoASH) is an obligate cofactor for lipids undergoing β-oxidation in peroxisomes. Although the peroxisomal membrane appears to be impermeable to CoASH, peroxisomes contain their own pool of CoASH. It is believed that CoASH enters peroxisomes as acyl-CoAs, but it is not known how this pool is regulated. The mouse nudix hydrolase 7 (NUDT7α) was previously identified in peroxisomes as a CoAdiphosphatase, and therefore suggested to be involved in regulation of peroxisomal CoASH levels. Here we show that mouse NUDT7α mainly acts as an acyl-CoA diphosphatase, with highest activity towards medium chain acyl-CoAs, and much lower activity with CoASH. …
Novel Functions Of Acyl-Coa Thioesterases And Acyltransferases As Auxiliary Enzymes In Peroxisomal Lipid Metabolism., Mary Hunt, Stefan Alexson
Novel Functions Of Acyl-Coa Thioesterases And Acyltransferases As Auxiliary Enzymes In Peroxisomal Lipid Metabolism., Mary Hunt, Stefan Alexson
Articles
Peroxisomes are single membrane bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, and to date have been shown to contain approximately 60 identified enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways, including the oxidation of a variety of lipids. These lipids include very long-chain fatty acids, methyl branched fatty acids, prostaglandins, bile acid precursors, and xenobiotics that are either β-oxidized or α-oxidized in peroxisomes. The recent identification of several acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases in peroxisomes has revealed their various functions in acting as auxiliary enzymes in α- and β-oxidation in this organelle. To date, 9 functional acyl-CoA thioesterases and acyltransferases have been …
Polyomaviruses In Pediatric Renal Disease, Julie Moran
Polyomaviruses In Pediatric Renal Disease, Julie Moran
Masters
BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) are ubiquitous in the human population and frequently reactivate during periods of immune suppression. The emergence of polyomavirus-associated diseases among renal and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients has highlighted the lack of knowledge of the natural history of BKV and JCV in humans. In the pediatric population, in particular, immune suppressive therapy is commonly used as a treatment for primary renal diseases. To date, there has been limited investigation of polyomavirus reactivation in pediatric patients with renal transplants or with primary renal disease. Given the association of polyomavirus reactivation with the use of …
Ecotoxicological Investigations Of Pharmaceutical Compounds On A Battery Of Freshwater Test Species., Elaine Minagh
Ecotoxicological Investigations Of Pharmaceutical Compounds On A Battery Of Freshwater Test Species., Elaine Minagh
Masters
Currently interest in pharmaceuticals as potential environmental contaminants has increases significantly. This is due to the awareness of the possible adverse effects to human health and the environment caused by such contaminants. Within the past few years, the highly prescribed antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), have received attention as their occurrence in the environment has been recently documented. Prior to this, there was very little known about the ecotoxicity of SSRIs, and in particular sertraline hydrochloride. Similarly the cholesterol-lowering drugs, known as statins are among the most frequently prescribed agents in Ireland and worldwide for the treatment of coronary …
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induce Indirect Cytotoxicity By Medium Depletion In A549 Lung Cells, Gordon Chambers, Alan Casey, Fiona Lyng, Maria Davoren, Eva Herzog (Thesis), Hugh Byrne
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induce Indirect Cytotoxicity By Medium Depletion In A549 Lung Cells, Gordon Chambers, Alan Casey, Fiona Lyng, Maria Davoren, Eva Herzog (Thesis), Hugh Byrne
Articles
The ability of two types of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), namely Arc Discharge (AD) and HiPco® single walled carbon nanotubes, to induce an indirect cytotoxicity in A549 lung cells by means of medium depletion was investigated. The nanotubes were dispersed in a commercial cell culture medium and subsequently removed by centrifugation and filtration. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the removal of the nanotubes and showed differing degrees of alteration of the composition of the medium upon the removal of the nanotubes. The ability to induce an indirect cytotoxic effect by altering the medium was evaluated using two endpoints, namely the Alamar …
Regulated Expression Of Adenoviral Vectors-Based Gene Therapies: Therapeutic Expression Of Toxins And Immune-Modulators, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Mariana Puntel, Weidong Xiong, Akm Ghulam Muhammad, Kurt Kroeger, Sonali Mondkar, Chunyan Liu, Niyati Bondale, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Regulated Expression Of Adenoviral Vectors-Based Gene Therapies: Therapeutic Expression Of Toxins And Immune-Modulators, James Curtin, Marianela Candolfi, Mariana Puntel, Weidong Xiong, Akm Ghulam Muhammad, Kurt Kroeger, Sonali Mondkar, Chunyan Liu, Niyati Bondale, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Articles
Regulatable promoter systems allow gene expression to be tightly controlled in vivo. This is highly desirable for the development of safe, efficacious adenoviral vectors that can be used to treat human diseases in the clinic. Ideally, regulatable cassettes should have minimal gene expression in the "OFF" state, and expression should quickly reach therapeutic levels in the "ON" state. In addition, the components of regulatable cassettes should be non-toxic at physiological concentrations and should not be immunogenic, especially when treating chronic illness that requires long-lasting gene expression. In this chapter, we will describe in detail protocols to develop and validate first …
Optimisation Of Steamer Jet-Injection To Extend The Shelf Life Of Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Gary Henehan, J. Barat, Jesus Maria Frias
Optimisation Of Steamer Jet-Injection To Extend The Shelf Life Of Fresh-Cut Lettuce, Daniel Rico, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Gary Henehan, J. Barat, Jesus Maria Frias
Articles
Optimisation of short time blanching (steaming) was investigated using response surface methodology by analysing quality and microbial and nutritional markers over the shelflife of packaged fresh-cut lettuce. Steamer treatment time (5–10 s) and storage (1–10 days) were used as independent factors in order to optimise the process. Longer treatments (>10 s) were not feasible because of extensive damage caused to lettuce tissue. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of luminosity (L*), greenness (−a*) and sensory panel scores (fresh appearance, general acceptability and absence of browning) were obtained with samples treated for longer times with the steamer. Activity of browning-related enzymes present in photosynthetic tissue decreased in all the cases, however, longer treatment time (7.5–10 s) was needed with vascular tissues to reduce to similar activity values. These differences could be explained by the variation in tissue thickness. The longest steam treatment (10 s) reduced and maintained significantly (p < 0.05) lower mesophilic load than shorter treatments (5–8.5 s). However, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in vitamin C and carotenoids were observed in samples treated with longer treatments. Steamer treatment of 10 s could be considered the optimum time for maintaining the shelflife (mainly texture and browning) of fresh-cut lettuce for 7–10 days in optimum conditions.
Antioxidant Activity Of Spice Extracts And Phenolics In Comparison To Synthetic Antioxidants, M. Hossain, N. Brunton, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, M. Wilkinson
Antioxidant Activity Of Spice Extracts And Phenolics In Comparison To Synthetic Antioxidants, M. Hossain, N. Brunton, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, M. Wilkinson
Articles
The antioxidant capacity of 30 spices used frequently in ready meals and a selection of key compounds from spices were investigated in the current study using ferric reducing antioxidant properties (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylebenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and microsomal lipid peroxidation (MLP) assays. Antioxidant capacities of the spice extracts were compared to 5 popular synthetic antioxidants [buylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ), propyl gallate (PG) and octyl gallate (OG)]. Results showed that clove extracts had the highest antioxidant capacity as measured by FRAP, ABTS and MLP assays. Extracts from garlic powder were the lowest ranked of all the spices examined. Synthetic …