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Articles 1 - 30 of 50
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department
Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This is the 2002 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes weather data, yield comparisons, crop performance trials, corn trials, soybean trials, winter wheat performance testing, Barley Foliar information, weed and pest control, herbicide demonstrations, canola and flax variety trials and more.
West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
West River Ag Center Crops And Soils Research Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This is the 2002 progress report of the West River Crops and Soils Research Projects, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This document includes reports on: weather and climate, wheat and grain variety trials, management and tillage, and weed and pest control.
Small Grains: 2003 Variety Recommendations (2002 Crop Performance Results), Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
Small Grains: 2003 Variety Recommendations (2002 Crop Performance Results), Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
SDSU Extension Circulars
Variety selection is a fundamental element in a sound crop production program. This report contains variety recommendations, descriptions, and yield data for the spring-seeded small grains – hard red spring wheat, oat, and barley, along with the fall-seeded small grain –hard red winter wheat. Key factors in variety selection include yield, yield stability, maturity, straw strength, height, test weight, quality, and disease resistance. Yield is an important factor; however, a variety with good disease resistance, straw strength, and high grain quality may be more profitable in some cases than the highest yielding variety. Disease resistance information is based on reactions …
Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2002, Agricultural Experiment Station
Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports
This publication is our 42nd Annual Progress Report. Many of the crop and livestock research and demonstration projects conducted at the Southeast Research Farm near Beresford, SD in 2002 are featured. It represents the combined talents of many dedicated faculty, staff, graduate students, and administrators associated with the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service in cooperation with the members of Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Corporation. Our goal is to provide accurate and reliable information in a timely manner to our agricultural clientele. (See more in text.)
The Efficacy Of Three Objective Systems For Identifying Beef Cuts That Can Be Guaranteed Tender, T.L. Wheeler, D. Vote, J.M. Leheska, S.D. Shackelford, K.E. Belk, D.M. Wulf, B.L. Gwartney, M. Koohmaraie
The Efficacy Of Three Objective Systems For Identifying Beef Cuts That Can Be Guaranteed Tender, T.L. Wheeler, D. Vote, J.M. Leheska, S.D. Shackelford, K.E. Belk, D.M. Wulf, B.L. Gwartney, M. Koohmaraie
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of three objective systems (prototype BeefCam, colorimeter, and slice shear force) for identifying guaranteed tender beef. In Phase I, 308 carcasses (105 Top Choice, 101 Low Choice, and 102 Select) from two commercial plants were tested. In Phase II, 400 carcasses (200 rolled USDA Select and 200 rolled USDA Choice) from one commercial plant were tested. The three systems were evaluated based on progressive certification of the longissimus as “tender” in 10% increments (the best 10, 20, 30%, etc., certified as “tender” by each technology; 100% certification would mean no …
Mapping Intramuscular Tenderness Variation In Four Major Muscles Of The Beef Round, B.J. Reuter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Mapping Intramuscular Tenderness Variation In Four Major Muscles Of The Beef Round, B.J. Reuter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to quantify intramuscular tenderness variation within four muscles from the beef round: biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD). At 48 h postmortem, the BF, ST, SM, and AD were dissected from either the left or right side of ten carcasses, vacuum packaged, and aged for an additional 8 d. Each muscle was then frozen and cut into 2.54- cm-thick steaks perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. Steaks were broiled on electric broilers to an internal temperature of 71°C. Location-specific cores were obtained from each cooked steak, and Warner- …
Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Technical Note: The Effect Of Freezing On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Values Of Beef Longissimus Steaks Across Several Postmortem Aging Periods, B.C. Shanks, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to compare fresh and frozen protocol procedures for Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) determination on steaks aged for different periods of time. The fresh protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks cooked on the exact day the aging period ended. The frozen protocol consisted of measuring WBSF on steaks that were aged, frozen (−16°C) for approximately 2 mo, thawed for 24 h, and then cooked. Twenty-two strip loin steaks from each of 20 crossbred heifers and steers were individually vacuum-packaged and assigned to either the fresh or frozen protocol and one of 11 aging …
Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller
Relationships Among Glycolytic Potential, Dark Cutting (Dark, Firm, And Dry) Beef, And Cooked Beef Palatability, D.M. Wulf, R.S. Emnett, J.M. Leheska, S.J. Moeller
Animal Science Faculty Publications
One hundred beef carcasses were selected at three packing plants and were used to determine the relationship between glycolytic potential (GP) and dark, firm, and dry (DFD) beef and to determine the effects of DFD status and GP on cooked beef palatability. Eight individual muscles were excised from one hindquarter of each carcass at d 7 postmortem: longissimus lumborum, psoas major, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Ultimate pH, colorimeter readings, and Warner-Bratzler shear force were determined for all eight muscles at d 7 postmortem. A ninemember trained sensory panel evaluated cooked longissimus lumborum, …
Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei
Effects Of Protein Level And Gender On Estimation Of Lean Gain Per Day Of Pigs From A Terminal Crossbreeding System, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, J.N. Tembei
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Lean growth potential is currently used to typify pigs when designing nutritional programs The most common method of estimating lean growth type is by measuring gain over the growth-finsih period and obtaining carcass information for the pigs evaluated. This information is placed in a model to calculate lean gain/day. Excess protein is fed to ensure that the genetic potential for lean gain per day is not limited by nutrition. The data reported herein are the results of determining the lean growth potential of the SDSU research herd in 1992 with pigs fed two different protein regimens.
Effect Of Gestation Gain On Lactation Performance And Return To Estrus Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Gestation Gain On Lactation Performance And Return To Estrus Of First Parity Sows, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
One of the most costly problems in the swine industry is the high turnover rate of sows in the herd. Failure to consume adequate feed and excess weight loss during lactation has been associated with subsequent reproduction problems. Research has proven that high gestation feeding levels and excessive gestation gain results in low lactation feed intake and excessive sow weight loss during lactation. Sows completing their first parity and sows from extremely productive lines have been identified as those most likely to be lost from the operation because of failure to conceive after weaning. Recommended gestation feeding levels often result …
Effect Of Diet Complexity And The Additive Effect Of Pharmacological Levels Of Zno And Carbadox On The Performance Of Weaned Pigs, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Diet Complexity And The Additive Effect Of Pharmacological Levels Of Zno And Carbadox On The Performance Of Weaned Pigs, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The scientific literature documents the efficacy of antibacterial feed additives for weaned pigs. More recently, Feeding therapeutic levels of supplemental zinc (Zn) from zinc oxide (ZnO) stimulated voluntary feed intake and weight gain of young pigs. Over the last decade, research demonstrated that swine diets contianing sub-therapeutic levels of various antibiotics combined with pharmacological levels of copper (Cu) resulted in better performance than when either ingredient was provided individually. In 1982, an additive improvement in performance was found when a sub-therapeutic level (55 mg/kg) of carbodox (CARB) and high level of Cu (125 mg/kg) were provided in combination in a …
Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Diet Complexity On The Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs Fed Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc Oxide, D.Y. Lee, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace mineral for swine. The requirement for Zn has been suggested to be in the range of 50 to 100 mg/kg for pigs at various stages of growth. The bioavilability of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a source of Zn is lower than other Zn sources such as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) and Znmethionine in weanling pigs. Recent studies have shown that adding pharmacological levels (2000-4000 mg/kg) of Zn as ZnO to corn-soybean meal based diets improved started pig performance and was effective in controlling E. coli scours for weanling pigs. Very high levels …
Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
Effect Of Formulating Diets To Reduce Excess Amino Acids On Performance Of Growing And Finishing Pigs, G.W. Libal, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
For every stage of growth, pigs have a requirement for essential amino acids provided in a specific ratio and for additional nitrogen provided as amino acids or other nitrogen sources to allow synthesis of nonessential amino acids. The typical manner of balancing swin diets has involved supplying several traditional feed ingredients in a ratio in the diet that meets the required level of the most limiting amino acid leaving excesses of most other amino acids. With this method, considerable nitrogen above that needed for nonessential amino acid synthesis is provided and excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as urea. …
Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Influence Of Corn Density On Pig Growth And Nutrient Digestibility, E.L Hansen, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The pricing of corn is baded upon a number of factors including moisture content, test weight, level contaminants, and deterioration of quality. It is understood that high moisture content dilutes the concentration of energy and nutrients. Poor quality because of deterioration during storage and the presence of contaminants lowers the palatability of the ingredient and may have negative health ramifications With less logical reasoning it has been assumed that the feeding value of corn for pigs is related to corn’s bulk density. Low-test weight corn is sold at a discount even if moisture content and quality factors are desirable. Corn …
Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield
Evaluation Of A Macrophage Attenuated Isolate Of Prrsv As A Vaccine For Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.H. Zeman, D.A. Benfield
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
PRRS continues to be the most economically important disease of swine. While the acute reproductive disease is still prevalent, chronic, or endemic PRRS in nursery and grow/finish pigs is a major problem confronting most swine producers. Post-weaning problems in these herds include a 50-85% reduction in growth rates; a 10-30% increase in unmarketable pigs; and a 10-25% increase in psot-weaning morality. Popular protocols to manage PRRSV infections include bredding herd stabilization; elmination of seronegative sub-populations of susceptible gilts; nursery depopulation; and more recently mass vaccination/unidirectional pig flow in the grow/finsih unit. The goal of this project is to determine if …
Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effects Of Dietary Energy Concentration During The Grower Period On The Accuracy Of Determining Lean Gain Potential During The Finisher Period For Pigs Selected During The Grower Period By Either A Lean Gain Formula Or By Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration As An Indicator Of Lean Gain, J.N. Tembei, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
It is generally thought that pigs eat to satisfy their demand for energy and the amount of feed consumed is dependent on the energy density of the diet. Therefore, the amount of feed consumed when an energy-dense diet is fed will be lower than when a low energy diet is fed. Protein is the nutrient that is most frequently adjusted as energy density in the diet is changed. Energy intake influences the rates of deposition of lean and fat tissue. Nitrogen accretion is generally limited by voluntary intake of energy for pigs weighing less than 50 kg but not for …
Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel
Serum Concentrations Of Igf-1 And Steroids In Growing Boars, Barrows And Gilts., J.A. Clapper, L.A. Rempel
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
It is known that boars, barrows, and gilts grow at different rates and with varying defficiencies. Gilts generally eat less, grow slower, but are more efficient and have leaner carcasses than. One way in which growth may be regulated in pigs is through changes in circulating IGF-I and (or) IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) Insulin-like growth factors-I has been shown to stimulate amino acid and lgucose uptake and increase protein synthesis, while IGFBPs can function to inhibit or protentiate the actions of IGFs. Estradiol has been demonstrated to regulate expression of the IGF system. Administration of estradiol increased serum concentrations of …
Transmission Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus By Semen Is Dose Dependent, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.A. Benfield
Transmission Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus By Semen Is Dose Dependent, C.D. Nelson, R.R. Rowland, D.A. Benfield
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is transmitted through semen via natural mating or atrificial insemination. However, the minimal infective dose of PRRSV required to effect transmission through semen is not known. In this study, we induced estrus in PRRSV seronegative gilts and then artificially inseminated these animals with extended, commercial boar semen “seeded” with difference concentrations (2, 20, 200, 2,000, 20,000, 200,000, or 2,000,000 TCID50/50 ml of semen) of the PRRSV isolate SD 92-23983. Infection of gilts by PRRSV was confirmed by weekly bleedings of these animals to detect serconversion using the commercial IDEXX ELISA. All pigs (n=7) …
Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler
Effects Of High Protein/Low Carbohydrate Swine Diets During The Final Finishing Phase On Pork Muscle Quality, J.M. Leheska, D.M. Wulf, J.A. Clapper, R.C. Thaler
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Pork color and water-holding capacity defects (pale, soft and exudative, or PSE pork) are functions of muscle pH and cost of the U.S. pork industry $60 million per year (Morgan et al., 1994). Pork with a low ultimate hP (pH<5.5) has a paler color and lower water-holding capacity. Lactic acid build-up is responsible for lowering pH from 7.0, at the time of death, to 5.2-6.0 at 24h postmortem. Postmortem glycolysis produces lactic acid and can only occur in the presence of the substrate glycogen. Therefore, more glycogen in the muscle at slaughter will result in more lactic acid build up and a lower ultimate pH, which will result in a paler color and a lower water-holding capacity (Ellis et al, 1997) Consumption of carbohydrates is the main source of glucose in the blood (Guyton and Hall, 1996). In human studies conducted by Snitker et al., (1997) eight adult males were given one of two isoenergetic diets: a high-carbohydrate diet (75% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 10% as fat), or a low-carbohydrate diet (10% of energy as carbohydrate, 15% as protein, and 75% as fat) for three days. After the three day dietary maniuplation, glycogen content in the vastus lateralis muscle was significatnly lower for the low-carbohydrate subjects; 296 vs 426 mmol glucose/kg dry muscle, respectively (P<0.001) (Snitker et al., 1997). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if feeding ultra-high protein/low carbohydrate swine diets during the final finishing phase could reduce muscle glycogen and thereby imporve pork muscle quality.
The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson
The Distribution Of Prrs S:P Ratios In Prrs Negative Case Submissions, W.B. Epperson
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important viral disease of swine. A popular way to diagnose PRRS infection is by detection of PRRS antibodies using a comercial system (HERDCHECK PRRS ELISA-IDEXX Laboratory, Westbrook, ME). For each sample tested, the system measuers PRRS antibodies and compares the concentration of antibody in the sample with the concentration of antibody in a known positive sample. The system outputs this result as an S:P ratio (sample: positive). Ratios ≥0.40 (the “cut-off” point) are interpreted to mena the sample is PRRS positive. We have observed that animals originating from PRRS negative herds have …
Effects Of Feeding Diets Formulated With Amino Acid Profiles Intended For High-, Medium-, And Low-Lean Gain Pigs On The Performance Of Medium-Lean Gain Pigs, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
Effects Of Feeding Diets Formulated With Amino Acid Profiles Intended For High-, Medium-, And Low-Lean Gain Pigs On The Performance Of Medium-Lean Gain Pigs, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton, D.N. Peters
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The University of Nebraka and South Dakota State University published a Swine Nutrition Guide with nutrient recommendations for pigs in a four-phase feeding system for 20 to 114 kg. The recommendations utilized the concepts of split sex feeding, ideal protein profile relative to lysine, and reduction of nitrogen excretion by lowering the total protein content of the diet with dietary supplementation with economically available amino acids The research reported in this paper was an attempt to evaluate the consequences of feeding diets formulated for three lean groth genotypes to pigs of the medium-lean growth type.
The Effects Of Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Productivity And Immune Function Following Challenge With E. Coli And Rotavirus, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler
The Effects Of Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Productivity And Immune Function Following Challenge With E. Coli And Rotavirus, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Early weaning programs have been aimed at the control and elimination of respiratory infections in the young pig. Segregation from their dams at less than 21 days, batch rearing with all-in and all-out by room, building, or site, and proper biosecurity (cleaning, disinfecting, and quarantine) are mandatory to implement early weaning programs1. Early weaning with all its components gives a tremendous economic advantage to those who use this technology. This technology however does not come without a cost. This requires necessary building sites, scheduling and a high level of management. Enteric infections such as neonatal coccidiosis and post weaning diarrhea …
Effect Of Nursery Pen Group Zize On Performance And Weight Variation Of Pigs Weaned At 10 To 20 And 20 To 30 Days Of Age, G.W. Libal
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Current trends in the swine industry are for management of pigs in larger groups well beyond that which has been recommended. With larger groups there is the potential for higher stocking rates because of more effective pig space per pen, savings in cost of dividing fences, and, in some cases, feeding equipment. However, with larger groups, more initial weight variation within a pen would be expected due to less sorting and more social competition because of more pigs per pen. It is unclear if these potentially negative factors would result in poorer pig performance during the nursery period and/or more …
Serologic Response Of Gnotobiotic Pigs Challenged With Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae Serotype 5 Or Actinobacillus Suis Field Isolates, C.C.L. Chase, K. Wright, J. Torrison, L.J. Braun
Serologic Response Of Gnotobiotic Pigs Challenged With Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae Serotype 5 Or Actinobacillus Suis Field Isolates, C.C.L. Chase, K. Wright, J. Torrison, L.J. Braun
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Three studies, a pilot study with conventional early-weaned pigs and two studies with gnotobiotic pigs were completed. The piolot study indicated that conventional pigs could be challeneged with at least 107 colony forming units (cfu) or Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP) or Actinobacillus suis (A suis) without developing clinical signs. No serological response was detected in these pigs. In the first gnotobiotic study, nine pigs were used: 3 control, 3 APP or 3 A. suis. The two groups of challened pigs failed to respond clinically or serologically to the intial callenege of 106 cfu or either APP or A. suis but the …
The Effect Of Diet And Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Immune Function And Productivity In Young Pigs, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler, T.E. Lucas
The Effect Of Diet And Oral Antibiotic Therapy On Immune Function And Productivity In Young Pigs, C.C.L. Chase, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler, T.E. Lucas
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Medicated early weaning programs have been shown to be an excellent method to control disease incidence in the young pig. Additional research by Dritz, et al1, showed that early weaning at 7-10 days without medication resulted in significant weight gains over conventional weaning at 14-17 days. We were interested in the effects of low levels of conventional water and feed grade antibiotic tratments on performance and immunological parameters of the young pig in a commercial operation. Previously, we had tested this treatment at a research facility and had shown increased production and a decreased polyclonal immunological response in the reated …
Thermal Environmental Effects And Group Size On Growing Swine Immune Status, S.H. Pohl, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler, C.C. Chase
Thermal Environmental Effects And Group Size On Growing Swine Immune Status, S.H. Pohl, D.J. Hurley, R.C. Thaler, C.C. Chase
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
The effects of environmental conditions on the immune system of growing pigs (30-50 kg) were studied using T and B cell proliferation counts. Pigs were exposed to a constant 32°C ambient temperature versus a naturally occurring diurnal temperature variation during hot weather and a constant 10°C vs 21°C ambient temperature during cold weather. In addition, T and B cell proliferation counts were compared for pigs in single, 9 and 18 pigs/pen group sizes. Concancavalin A (ConA), Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) mitogens were used to determine T cell activation over time. Pokeweed (PWM), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Salmonella typhimurium …
The Changing Face Of The Swine Industry In South Dakota: Reasons For Exit From The Industry, N. Klein, C. Tongkasame
The Changing Face Of The Swine Industry In South Dakota: Reasons For Exit From The Industry, N. Klein, C. Tongkasame
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
All livestock producers' experience cycles of high and low prices. The objective of this study was to determine what, besides the obvious reason of low prices, has caused South Dakota producers to leave the swine industry. Along with this, we hoped to identify the characteristics of producers who have exited for various different reasons, arid then to identify which attributes would have the greatest impact on a producer's decision to re-entry the swine industry. If we can identify characteristics of producers who have left for different reasons, we may be better able to form policies and educational programs to help …
South Dakota's Hog Market: Developments And Prospects, M.A. Diersen
South Dakota's Hog Market: Developments And Prospects, M.A. Diersen
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Raising hogs and pigs tends to be South Dakota's second largest livestock enterprise based on sales revenue of about $200 million in 1999. Although it lags substantially behind raising beef cattle, hog production continues to contribute to South Dakota's economic base. South Dakota ranked 11th among U.S. states in hog inventory and ranked 12th in pig crop size in 1999. Production practices vary from farrow-to finish to specialization in farrowing, growing, and finishing. Based on inventory numbers, hogs consume a substantial portion of the corn and soybean meal produced in South Dakota. The year 2000 should bring about the first …
Update On South Dakota's Hog Market, M.A. Diersen, J. Walti
Update On South Dakota's Hog Market, M.A. Diersen, J. Walti
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
South Dakota farmers continue to produce a sizeable number of hogs despite recent contraction throughout the hog industry. USDA-NASS reports an inventory of over 1 million hogs in the state (SDASS). South Dakota ranked 11th among U.S. states in hog inventory and ranked 12th in pig crop size in 2000. Production practices vary from farrow-to-finish to specialization in farrowing, growing, and finishing. This paper seeks to highlight recent trends and new information related to South Dakota's hog market. Several findings pertain to national (and global) structural changes that have implications for South Dakota. With the general trend toward continuous production …
Effect Of Added Lysine To Starter Diets Containing Primarily Zein Protein And Formulated To Provide .14% Tryptophan, M.S. Carlson, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton
Effect Of Added Lysine To Starter Diets Containing Primarily Zein Protein And Formulated To Provide .14% Tryptophan, M.S. Carlson, G.W. Libal, C.R. Hamilton
South Dakota Swine Research Report, 2001
Corn gluten meal (CGM) is a by-product of the wet milling corn. It is the residue that remains after the bran, germ and starch have been removed and may contain either 41 or 60% crude protein. There is a temptation to use CGM as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) when the cost of SBM is high. The 60% protein CGM contains a greater quantity of protein and more threonine, sulfur amino acids, and other neutral amino acids than 44% protein SBM. However, SBM contains greater amounts of lysine and tryptophan. Previous studies with growing and finishing swine indicated that …