Life Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Post Composting On Vermicompost Of Spent Mushroom Substrate, Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin, Noor Zalina Mahmood

Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin

By using Lumbricus rubellus, vermicomposting started after 3 weeks of pre composting. Five treatments in different ratio of cow dung : spent mushroom substrate were prepared as feed materials with four replicates for each treatment namely; 80:20 (T1), 60:40 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 40:60 (T4) and 20:80 (T5). After 7 weeks of vermicomposting, macronutrient elements of vermicompost produced were measured and the process continues with composting when all the earthworms were taken out from the treatments. Macronutrient elements of compost produced were also measured after 20 weeks of composting. The data reveals that 7 weeks for vermicomposting of cow dung and …

Impact Of An External Energy On Staphylococcus Epidermis [Atcc –13518] In Relation To Antibiotic Susceptibility And Biochemical Reactions – An Experimental Study, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Purpose:

While spiritual and mental energies are known to man, their impact has never been scientifically measurable in the material world and they remain outside the domain of science. The present experiment on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC –13518], validate the effects of such energy transmitted through a person, Mahendra Trivedi, which has produced an impact measurable in scientifically rigorous manner.

Methods:

Staphylococcus epidermis strains in revived and lyophilized state were subjected to spiritual energy transmitted through thought intervention and/or physical touch of Mahendra Trivedi to the sealed tubes containing strain, the process taking about 3 minutes and were analyzed within 10 …

Leading Firms As Knowledge Gatekeepers In A Networked Environment, Deogratias Harorimana Mr

Dr Deogratias Harorimana

This chapter introduces the role of the knowledge gatekeeper as a mechanism by which knowledge is created and transferred in a networked environment. Knowledge creation and transfer are essential for building a knowledge based economy. The chapter considers obstacles that inhibit this process and argues that leading firms create a shared socio-cultural context that enables the condivision of tacit meanings and codification of knowledge. Leading firms act as gatekeepers of knowledge through the creation of shared virtual platforms. There will be a leading firm that connects several networks of clients and suppliers may not interact directly with one another, but …

The Effects Of Lactation And Negative Energy Balance On Kisspeptin-Stimulated Luteinizing Hormone And Growth Hormone In Dairy Cows, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Robyn R. Wilborn, Herris S. Maxwell, Barbara P. Steele, James L. Sartin

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Kisspeptin, a neuroendocrine regulator of gonadotropin releasing hormone, is hypothesized to integrate nutrition and hormones critical to metabolism and the regulation of reproduction. Since the negative energy balance of early lactation is associated with reduced fertility via suppression of gonadotropin secretion and enhanced growth hormone (GH) responsiveness, this experiment was designed to determine the effects of stage of lactation and negative energy balance on kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) and GH concentrations. Five nonlactating [5.1 ± 0.8 (SEM) years; 577 ± 19 kg body weight (BW)] and five lactating [4.1 ± 0.6 years; 608 ± 11 kg BW] multiparous …

In Vitro Regeneration And Genetic Fidelity Testing Of Aegle Marmelos (Corr.) Plants, Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

In Vitro Plant Regeneration From Mature Explant Of Aegle Marmelos Corr. Cv. Cish-B2, Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

A Transcendental To Changing Metal Powder Characteristics, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

It’s not often that Metal Powder Report departs from the path of hard facts into the somewhat ‘mushier’ area of metaphysics, but opportunities crop up. While recognising that science has its fair share of charlatans, one such opportunity was presented by a paper submitted by an Indian researcher in which he details work aimed at probing the effects on powder samples where changes were apparently generated by thought. Some will laugh, others will cry, but perhaps among our readers there are those who might be able to help elucidate further the phenomena described…

Intrinsic Severity As A Determinant Of Antiepileptic Drug Refractoriness, Michael A. Rogawski, Michael R. Johnson

Michael A. Rogawski

For the most part, resistance to medications in epilepsy is independent of the choice of antiepileptic drug. This simple clinical observation constrains the possible biological mechanisms for drug refractory epilepsy by imposing a requirement to explain resistance for a diverse set of chemical structures that act on an even more varied group of molecular targets. To date, research on antiepileptic drug refractoriness has been guided by the “drug transporter overexpression” and the “reduced drug-target sensitivity” hypotheses. These concepts posit that drug refractoriness is a condition separate from the underlying epilepsy. Inadequacies in both hypotheses mandate a fresh approach to the …

What Clinical Observations On The Epidemiology Of Antiepileptic Drug Intractability Tell Us About The Mechanisms Of Pharmacoresistance, Michael Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

In the past several years, there have been important advances in the clinical epidemiology of antiepileptic drug resistance, as reviewed by Mohanraj and Brodie. It would appear that by and large, intractability is independent of the choice of antiepileptic drug (AED). Many patients will become seizure free on the first agent tried, irrespective of which one their physician decides to pick. Nonresponders to the first drug are in a different category: it is likely that they will continue to have seizures no matter which medicine or combination of medicines is tried. This simple clinical observation puts important constraints on the …

Pathogenicity Of Three Iranian Isolates Of The Fungus, Metarhizium Anisopliae (Metschinkoff) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Against Granary Weevil, Sitophilus Granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adel Khashaveh

Adel Khashaveh

No abstract provided.

Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida Brasiliensis) As Insect Pest Regulators In Transgenic And Conventional Cotton Crops, P. Federocp, T. G. Hallam, Gary F. Mccracken, S. T. Purucker, W. E. Grant, A. N. Correa-Sandoval, J. K. Westbrook, R. A. Medellin, C. J. Cleveland, C. G. Sansone, J. D. Lopez Jr., M. Betke, A. Moreno-Valdez, T. H. Kunz

Gary F. McCracken

During the past 12 000 years agricultural systems have transitioned from natural habitats to conventional agricultural regions and recently to large areas of genetically engineered (GE) croplands. This GE revolution occurred for cotton in a span of slightly more than a decade during which a switch occurred in major cotton production areas from growing 100% conventional cotton to an environment in which 95% transgenics are grown. Ecological interactions between GE targeted insects and other insectivorous insects have been investigated. However, the relationships between ecological functions (such as herbivory and ecosystem transport) and agronomic benefits of avian or mammalian insectivores in …

Life On The Edge: Morphological And Behavioral Adaptations For Survival On Wave-Swept Shores, Luke P. Miller

Luke P. Miller

Wave-swept rocky shores serve as a home to a great diversity of organisms and are some of the most biologically productive habitats on earth. This burgeoning community exists in spite of the fact that the zone between the high and low tide marks can be one of the most physically harsh environments on earth. Large forces imposed by breaking waves and wide swings in temperature require the organisms living on rocky shores to adapt to a constantly changing environment or risk extirpation by physical forces. I have explored a number of hypothesized adaptations for survival on rocky shores and discuss …

An Allometric Scaling Law For Understanding Mammalian Sleep, Ji-Huan He

Ji-Huan He

An allometric scaling law is established for explaining sleep time per day which scales with brain mass. The theoretical prediction agrees well with Savage and West’s experimental data.

Beyond The Liability Wall: Strengthening Tort Remedies In International Environmental Law, Noah Sachs

Noah Sachs

Despite decades of effort, the international community has stumbled in attempts to craft tort remedies for victims of transboundary environmental damage. More than a dozen civil liability treaties have been negotiated that create causes of action and prescribe liability rules, but few have entered into force, and most remain unadopted orphans in international environmental law. In this Article, I explain the problematic record of tort liability regimes by developing a theoretical model of liability negotiations, grounded in regime theory from political science. Based on the model, I conclude that negotiated liability regimes have foundered because of three main roadblocks: 1) …

Effect Of Tgf-Beta 1 Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide On Renal Function In Chronic Renal Failure Rats, Kiew Lik Voon

Kiew Lik Voon

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) in ameliorating deteriorated kidney function in rats with puromycin-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods: Saline, puromycin, puromycin+TGF-beta 1 antisense ODN or puromycin+scrambled ODN were administered to unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Renal hemodynamic and excretory measurements were taken in the anaesthetized rats that had undergone surgical procedure. Results: It was observed that in the CRF rats, there was a marked reduction in the renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), severe proteinuria, and almost 6-fold increased fractional excretion of sodium …

Gene Alterations By Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonists In Human Colorectal Cancer Cells, Maria Cekanova, J Yuan, X Li, K B. Kim, Seung J. Baek

Maria Cekanova MS, RNDr, PhD

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear transcription factor that controls the genes involved in metabolism and carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined the alteration of gene expression in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells by PPARgamma agonists: MCC-555 (5 microM), rosiglitazone (5 microM), and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (1 microM). The long-oligo microarray data revealed a list of target genes commonly induced (307 genes) and repressed (32 genes) by tested PPARgamma agonists. These genes were analyzed by Onto-Express software and KEGG pathway analysis and revealed that PPARgamma agonists are involved in cell proliferation, focal adhesion, and several signaling pathways. …

Microproteomics: Analysis Of Protein Diversity In Small Samples, Howard B. Gutstein, Jeffrey S. Morris, Suresh P. Annangudi, Jonathan V. Sweedler

Jeffrey S. Morris

Proteomics, the large-scale study of protein expression in organisms, offers the potential to evaluate global changes in protein expression and their post-translational modifications that take place in response to normal or pathological stimuli. One challenge has been the requirement for substantial amounts of tissue in order to perform comprehensive proteomic characterization. In heterogeneous tissues, such as brain, this has limited the application of proteomic methodologies. Efforts to adapt standard methods of tissue sampling, protein extraction, arraying, and identification are reviewed, with an emphasis on those appropriate to smaller samples ranging in size from several microliters down to single cells. The …

A Preliminary Assessment Of The State Of Harvest And Collection Technology For Forest Residues, Erin G. Wilkerson, D. Brad Blackwelder, Robert D. Perlack, David J. Muth, J. Richard Hess

David J. Muth

To meet the “Twenty in Ten Initiative” goals set in the 2007 State of the Union address, forest resources will be needed as feedstocks for lignocellulosic ethanol production. It has been estimated that 368 million dry tons can be produced annually in the U.S. from logging residues and fuel treatment thinnings. Currently, very little of this woody biomass is used for energy production due to the costs and difficulty in collecting and transporting this material. However, minimizing biomass costs (including harvest, handling, transport, storage, and processing costs) delivered to the refinery is necessary to develop a sustainable cellulosic ethanol industry. …

Kinship Foster Care: Implications Of Behavioral Biology Research, David Herring

David J. Herring

Public child welfare systems rely heavily on kin to serve as foster parents, requiring public actors to consider and choose among different types of available kin (e.g. maternal grandmothers, paternal grandfathers, matrilateral aunts). Behavioral biology researchers have been exploring kinship relationships and the expected level of investment in child care for different types of kin. This paper explains the relevance to kinship foster care of behavioral biology research on kinship relationships and expected levels of parental investment. This research allows for the development of a rank listing of second-degree kin in terms of their likely level of investment in a …

Simulating The Effects Of Wetland Loss And Inter-Annual Variability On The Fitness Of Migratory Bird Species, Jill L. Deppe, James A. Smith

Jill L Deppe

Long-distance migratory shorebirds require wetland stopover sites where they can forage and deposit sufficient fat to complete their migration and, in the spring, reproduce. Conservation biologists are concerned that continental-scale reductions in wetland availability and quality due to human disturbance, climate change, and natural drought events are negatively impacting these species by eliminating critical stopovers along migratory flyways. We describe an individual-based migration model driven by remotely sensed land surface data, climate data assimilation models, and biological field data to examine the impact of changing environmental conditions on migration routes, temporal patterns, and fitness. We used an evolutionary programming approach …

Scale-Dependent Habitat Use By Fall Migratory Birds: Vegetation Architecture, Floristics, And Geographic Consistency, Jill L. Deppe, John T. Rotenberry

Jill L Deppe

Animal habitat selection is a central focus of ecology and conservation biology. Understanding habitat associations in migratory animals is particularly complicated because individuals have variable habitat requirements during the annual cycle, across their geographic range, along migratory routes, and at multiple spatial scales. We studied habitat associations of 16 fall Nearctic–Neotropical migratory land birds at two spatial scales at a stopover site along the northern Yucatan coast to examine scale-dependent habitat use, identify proximate cues shaping birds' distributions, and evaluate similarities in habitat use between our tropical stopover site and temperate sites. We addressed scale-dependent habitat associations in two ways, …

Energy Balance And Canopy Conductance Of A Tropical Semi-Deciduous Forest Of The Southern Amazon Basin, George L. Vourlitis, Jose De Souza Nogueira, Francisco De Almeida Lobo, Kerrie M. Sendall, Sergio Roberto De Paulo, Carlos Alberto Antunes Dias, Osvaldo Borges Pinto Jr, Nara Luisa Reis De Andrade

Kerrie M Sendall

Deforestation and climate change have the capacity to alter rainfall regimes, water availability, and surface-atmosphere flux of water and energy of tropical forests, especially in ecotonal, semi-deciduous tropical forests of the southern Amazon Basin, which have experienced rapid regional warming and deforestation over the last three decades. To reduce uncertainty regarding current and future energy and water flux, micrometeorological measurements of latent (Qe) and sensible heat flux (Qh) and canopy conductance (Gc) were combined with measurements of sap flux density (Fd) and maximum leaf conductance (gsmax) to characterize the seasonal controls on mass (H2O) and energy exchange of an ecotonal, …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Poly(Allyl Methacrylate) Obtained By Free Radical Initiator., Selda Keskin

Allyl methacrylate was polymerized in CCl4 solution by a,a0-azoisobutyronitrile at 50, 60, and 708C. The kinetic curves were autoaccelarated types at 60 and 708C, but almost linear at 508C. Arrhenius activation energy was 77.5 kJ/mol. The polymer was insoluble in common organic solvents. It was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, TGA and XPS methods. About 98–99% of allyl side groups were remained as pendant even after completion of the polymerization. The spectroscopic and thermal results showed that polymerization is not a cyclopolymerization type, but may have end group cyclization. The high molecular weight is the main cause of a polymer …

The Evaluation Of Some Flexural Properties Of Denture Base Resin Reinforced With Various Aesthetic Fibers, Selda Keskin

No abstract provided.

Impact Of An External Energy On Yersinia Enterocolitica [Atcc–23715] In Relation To Antibiotic Susceptibility And Biochemical Reactions: An Experimental Study, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Background: While spiritual and mental energies are known to man, their impact has never been scientifically measurable in the material world and they remain outside the domain of science. The present experiments on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC –23715], report the effects of such energy transmitted through a person, Mahendra Trivedi, which has produced an impact measurable in scientifically rigorous manner. Methods: Yersinia enterocolitica strains in revived and lyophilized state were subjected to spiritual energy transmitted through thought intervention and/or physical touch of Mahendra Trivedito the sealed tubes containing strain and were analyzed within 10 days after incubation. Results: The results indicated …

Neurosciences And Education: One Example Of A Two-Way Cooperation, Armando F. Rocha, Fábio T. Rocha

Armando F Rocha

The relationship between education and cognitive neuroscience is an old issue from which the idea of the ‘neuroeducators’ was proposed 25 years ago. The premise of this idea is that the knowledge about how the brain operates our learning could help teachers in the classrootm. Despite of being an old issue, there are yet some unsolved matters. Firstly, how neuroscience and education could integrate biological understanding about learning cerebral process has not been yet clearly discussed. The present paper presents the results from Enscer– Teaching the Brain Project – that has been developed in Brazil for five years. During that …

Dispelling The Myths Of Machine Translation, Uwe Muegge

Uwe Muegge

It is not surprising that myths, half-truths, and misunderstandings abound regarding machine translation: It seems as if the experience most players in the translation field have with this technology does not go beyond toying a little with one of the free online translation tools. Almost every week, I come across an article informing its readers either that machine translation is and always will be a complete waste of time or that machine translation, while being a waste of time today, might actually be useful some time in the distant future. In the hope of setting the record straight, here is …

Kwaliteit Uit De Computer, Hady Hadiyanto

Hadiyanto

No abstract provided.

First Report Of Downy Mildew On Lepidium Sativum In India, Kunal Mandal

Kunal Mandal

Downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica on different members of Brassicaceae has been reported from different parts of the world. In India, the pathogen is recorded for the first time on Lepidium sativum. Proper management strategies need to be formulated against this disease as incidence is increasing.

Effect Of Different Levels Of N, P And K On Downy Mildew (Peronospora Plantaginis) And Seed Yield Of Isabgol (Plantago Ovata), Kunal Mandal, R. Saravanan, S. Maiti

Kunal Mandal

The study showed that application of different doses of inorganic nutrients had considerable influence on growth, yield and downy mildew interaction in isabgol (Plantago ovata). It included three levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 kg N ha–1), two levels of phosphorous (0, 30 kg P ha–1) and two levels of potash (0, 40 kg K ha–1) for 2 consecutive years. The highest N supply (60 kg ha–1) caused more than 65% increase in disease severity compared with the control. However, application of 40 kg K ha–1 reduced percent disease index (PDI) by more than 10% compared with 0 kg K …