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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
How Conflict Shapes Evolution In Poeciliid Fishes, Andrew I. Furness, Bart J.A. Pollux, Robert Meredith, Mark S. Springer, David N. Reznick
How Conflict Shapes Evolution In Poeciliid Fishes, Andrew I. Furness, Bart J.A. Pollux, Robert Meredith, Mark S. Springer, David N. Reznick
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
In live-bearing animal lineages, the evolution of the placenta is predicted to create an arena for genomic conflict during pregnancy, drive patterns of male sexual selection, and increase the rate of speciation. Here we test these predictions of the viviparity driven conflict hypothesis (VDCH) in live-bearing poecilid fishes, a group showing multiple independent origins of placentation and extreme variation in male sexually selected traits. As predicted, male sexually selected traits are only gained in lineages that lack placentas; while there is little or no influence of male traits on the evolution of placentas. Both results are consistent with the mode …
Ecological Feedbacks Stabilize A Turf-Dominated Ecosystem At The Southern Extent Of Kelp Forests In The Northwest Atlantic, Colette Feehan, Sean P. Grace, Carla A. Narvaez
Ecological Feedbacks Stabilize A Turf-Dominated Ecosystem At The Southern Extent Of Kelp Forests In The Northwest Atlantic, Colette Feehan, Sean P. Grace, Carla A. Narvaez
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Temperate marine ecosystems globally are undergoing regime shifts from dominance by habitat-forming kelps to dominance by opportunistic algal turfs. While the environmental drivers of shifts to turf are generally well-documented, the feedback mechanisms that stabilize novel turf-dominated ecosystems remain poorly resolved. Here, we document a decline of kelp Saccharina latissima between 1980 and 2018 at sites at the southernmost extent of kelp forests in the Northwest Atlantic and their replacement by algal turf. We examined the drivers of a shift to turf and feedback mechanisms that stabilize turf reefs. Kelp replacement by turf was linked to a significant multi-decadal increase …
Spontaneous Mutations In Maize Pollen Are Frequent In Some Lines And Arise Mainly From Retrotranspositions And Deletions, Hugo K. Dooner, Qinghua Wang, Jun T. Huang, Yubin Li, Limei He, Wenwei Xiong, Chunguang Du
Spontaneous Mutations In Maize Pollen Are Frequent In Some Lines And Arise Mainly From Retrotranspositions And Deletions, Hugo K. Dooner, Qinghua Wang, Jun T. Huang, Yubin Li, Limei He, Wenwei Xiong, Chunguang Du
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
While studying spontaneous mutations at the maize bronze (bz) locus, we made the unexpected discovery that specific low-copy number retrotransposons are mobile in the pollen of some maize lines, but not of others. We conducted large-scale genetic experiments to isolate new bz mutations from several Bz stocks and recovered spontaneous stable mutations only in the pollen parent in reciprocal crosses. Most of the new stable bz mutations resulted from either insertions of low-copy number long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons or deletions, the same two classes of mutations that predominated in a collection of spontaneous wx mutations [Wessler S (1997) The …
Integration Of Genotype, Physiological Performance, And Survival In A Lizard (Uta Stansburiana) With Alternative Mating Strategies, Lisa Hazard, Kenneth A. Nagy, Donald B. Miles, Erik I. Svensson, Daniel Costa, Barry Sinervo
Integration Of Genotype, Physiological Performance, And Survival In A Lizard (Uta Stansburiana) With Alternative Mating Strategies, Lisa Hazard, Kenneth A. Nagy, Donald B. Miles, Erik I. Svensson, Daniel Costa, Barry Sinervo
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Covariation among behavioral and physiological traits is thought to enhance reproductive success and Darwinian fitness. Species that exhibit alternative mating strategies provide excellent opportunities to assess the relative contributions of physiological and behavioral traits to fitness. Male side-blotched lizards (Uta stans-buriana) exhibit three heritable throat color morphs that are associated with alternative mating behaviors. The three morphs differ in resource holding potential, mate attraction, mate defense, and physiological performance. We examined interrelationships of body mass, stamina, field metabolic rate, growth rate, and survival to the second capture (a fitness proxy). Relationships among variables were complex, and mass, stamina, and throat …
Lingering Impacts Of Hurricane Hugo On Rhizophora Mangle (Red Mangrove) Population Genetics On St. John, Usvi, Paul Bologna, James Campanella, Dena J. Restaino, Zachary A. Fetske, Matthew Lourenco, John V. Smalley
Lingering Impacts Of Hurricane Hugo On Rhizophora Mangle (Red Mangrove) Population Genetics On St. John, Usvi, Paul Bologna, James Campanella, Dena J. Restaino, Zachary A. Fetske, Matthew Lourenco, John V. Smalley
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Stochastic events can have catastrophic effects on island populations through a series of genetic stressors from reduced population size. We investigated five populations of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) from St. John, USVI, an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, which were impacted by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Our goal was to determine diversity and to ascertain potential population bottlenecks two decades after the event. With the lowest observed heterozygosity, highest inbreeding coefficient, and evidence of a major bottleneck, our results demonstrated that the Great Lameshur mangroves, devastated by Hurricane Hugo, were the least diverse stand of trees. The other four populations from St. …
The Effects Of Heterospecific Mating Frequency On The Strength Of Cryptic Reproductive Barriers, Erica L. Larson, Margaret M. Brassil, Jonathan Maslan, Danielle Juárez, Flordeliza Lilagan, Hallie Tipton, Andrew Schweitzer, Joe Skillman, Kirsten Monsen, Merrill A. Peterson
The Effects Of Heterospecific Mating Frequency On The Strength Of Cryptic Reproductive Barriers, Erica L. Larson, Margaret M. Brassil, Jonathan Maslan, Danielle Juárez, Flordeliza Lilagan, Hallie Tipton, Andrew Schweitzer, Joe Skillman, Kirsten Monsen, Merrill A. Peterson
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Heterospecific mating frequency is critical to hybrid zone dynamics and can directly impact the strength of reproductive barriers and patterns of introgression. The effectiveness of post-mating prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers, which include reduced fecundity via heterospecific matings and conspecific sperm precedence, may depend on the number, identity and order of mates. Studies of PMPZ barriers suggest that they may be important in many systems, but whether these barriers are effective at realistic heterospecific mating frequencies has not been tested. Here, we evaluate the strength of cryptic reproductive isolation in two leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus) in the context …
Evidence For The Early Evolutionary Loss Of The M20d Auxin Amidohydrolase Family From Mosses And Horizontal Gene Transfer From Soil Bacteria Of Cryptic Hydrolase Orthologues To Physcomitrella Patens, James Campanella, Stephanie Kurdach, Richard Skibitski, John V. Smalley, Samuel Desind, Jutta Ludwig-Müller
Evidence For The Early Evolutionary Loss Of The M20d Auxin Amidohydrolase Family From Mosses And Horizontal Gene Transfer From Soil Bacteria Of Cryptic Hydrolase Orthologues To Physcomitrella Patens, James Campanella, Stephanie Kurdach, Richard Skibitski, John V. Smalley, Samuel Desind, Jutta Ludwig-Müller
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Inactive auxin conjugates are accumulated in plants and hydrolyzed to recover phytohormone action. A family of metallopeptidase orthologues has been conserved in Plantae to help regulate auxin homeostatic levels during growth and development. This hydrolase family was recently traced back to liverwort, the most ancient extant land plant lineage. Liverwort’s auxin hydrolase has little activity against auxin conjugate substrates and does not appear to actively regulate auxin. This finding, along with data that shows moss can synthesize auxin conjugates, led to examining another bryophyte lineage, Physcomitrella patens. We have identified and isolated three M20D hydrolase paralogues from moss. The isolated …
Larval Influx Of Diadema Antillarum To The Florida Keys Linked To Passage Of A Tortugas Eddy, Colette Feehan, William C. Sharp, Travis N. Miles, Michael S. Brown, Diane K. Adams
Larval Influx Of Diadema Antillarum To The Florida Keys Linked To Passage Of A Tortugas Eddy, Colette Feehan, William C. Sharp, Travis N. Miles, Michael S. Brown, Diane K. Adams
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Lack of recovery of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean region following a widespread epizootic in 1983–1984 has garnered great interest due to the role of this species as a grazer of macroalgae that exclude reef-building corals. In the Florida Keys, USA, previous research suggests that reestablishment of D. antillarum is limited by low fertilization success and a lack of larval supply. However, the physical mechanisms determining larval supply in the Florida Keys remain poorly resolved. Here, we use coupled biological and physical oceanographic datasets of D. antillarum larval supply to settlement collectors, sea surface temperatures and heights, …
Genetic Analysis Reveals Strong Genetic Analysis Reveals Strong Phylogeographical Divergences Within The Scarlet Macaw Ara Macao, Kari L. Schmidt, Matthew Aardema, George Amato
Genetic Analysis Reveals Strong Genetic Analysis Reveals Strong Phylogeographical Divergences Within The Scarlet Macaw Ara Macao, Kari L. Schmidt, Matthew Aardema, George Amato
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Scarlet Macaws Ara macao have the largest geographical distribution of any Neotropical psittacine, occupying a variety of lowland forest habitats from Mexico to Brazil. Two subspecies, Ara macao macao and Ara macao cyanoptera, are currently recognized based on wing chord length and plumage coloration, with formal descriptions suggesting genetic introgression in southern Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of genetic diversification within A. macao by analysing mitochondrial sequence data from contemporary and historical samples. Phylogenetic reconstruction and population aggregation analysis confirmed two distinct phylogeographical groups, with a high degree of intraspecific genetic structure …
Exploring Chihuahuan Desert Diversification In The Gray-Banded Kingsnake, Lampropeltis Alterna (Serpentes: Colubridae), Edward A. Myers, Robert W. Bryson Jr, Robert W. Hansen, Matthew L. Aardema, David Lazcano, Frank T. Burbrink
Exploring Chihuahuan Desert Diversification In The Gray-Banded Kingsnake, Lampropeltis Alterna (Serpentes: Colubridae), Edward A. Myers, Robert W. Bryson Jr, Robert W. Hansen, Matthew L. Aardema, David Lazcano, Frank T. Burbrink
Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Within many biomes, the cause of phylogeographic structure remains unknown even across regions throughout North America, including within the biodiverse Chihuahuan Desert. For example, little is known about population structure or the timing of diversification of Chihuahuan endemics. This is due largely to the lack of population genomic studies within this region. We generated ultra-conserved element data for the gray-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) to investigate lineage divergence and historical demography across the Chihuahuan Desert. We found three unique lineages corresponding to the Trans-Pecos and Mapimian biogeographic regions of the Chihuahuan Desert, and a distinct population in the Sierra Madre Occidental. …