Life Sciences Commons^™

Homeotic Gene Teashirt (Tsh) Has A Neuroprotective Function In Amyloid-Beta 42 Mediated Neurodegeneration., Michael M. Moran, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh

Amit Singh

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating age related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of cognition, and eventual death of the affected individual. One of the major causes of AD is the accumulation of Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) polypeptides formed by the improper cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain. These plaques disrupt normal cellular processes through oxidative stress and aberrant signaling resulting in the loss of synaptic activity and death of the neurons. However, the detailed genetic mechanism(s) responsible for this neurodegeneration still remain elusive. Methodology/ Principle Findings: We have generated a transgenic Drosophila eye model …

"Taking Care Of Yourself" -A Student Programme For Personal And Professional Development Using Reflective Journaling In The University Of Wollongong Graduate School Of Medicine, Lyndal Parker-Newlyn, Coralie Wilson, Peter Kelly

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

The Essential Youth Friendly Gp Kit: An Evidence-Based Resource To Increase Gp Competencies For Dealing With Young People, Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

Help-Negation For Suicidal Thoughts In University And High School Samples, Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane, Joseph Ciarrochi, Debra Rickwood

Coralie J Wilson

No abstract provided.

"Taking Care Of Yourself" -A Student Programme For Personal And Professional Development Using Reflective Journaling In The University Of Wollongong Graduate School Of Medicine, Lyndal Parker-Newlyn, Coralie Wilson, Peter Kelly

Peter Kelly

No abstract provided.

Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Examine Residential Substance Abuse Workers' Intention To Use Evidence-Based Practices, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Megan Lovett

Peter Kelly

There is considerable discrepancy between what is considered evidence-based practice (EBP) and what is actually delivered in substance abuse treatment settings. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) is a well-established model that may assist in better understanding clinician’s intentions to use EBPs. A total of 106 residential substance abuse workers employed by The Salvation Army participated in the current study. The workers completed an anonymous survey that assessed attitudes toward EBP and examined the constructs within the TpB. A linear regression analysis was used to predict clinicians’ intentions to use EBPs. Overall, the model accounted for 41% of the variance …

'Do More, Smoke Less!' Harm Reduction In Action For Smokers With Mental Health/Substance Use Problems Who Cannot Or Will Not Quit, Amanda Baker, Robin Callister, Peter Kelly, Kypros Kypri

Peter Kelly

Although smoking rates among mental health/substance abusing populations are very high, the focus of treatment and research has tended to be on substances other than tobacco.A range of harm-reduction strategies is needed, including long-term nicotine maintenance, smokeless tobacco and ‘clean’ nicotine products. For those who cannot or will not quit, assistance in reducing smoking should be given. Interventions for smoking among people with mental health/substance use problems may best be delivered by addressing multiple health-risk behaviours, especially physical activity, around the same time. [Baker AL, Callister R, Kelly PJ, Kypri K. ‘Do more, smoke less!’ Harm reduction in action for …

Clinically Signficant Change To Establish Benchmarks In Residential Drug And Alcohol Treatment Services, Daniel Billingham, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Trevor Crowe, Mark Buckingham, Fiona Craig

Peter Kelly

There is increasing emphasis on the use routine outcome assessment measures to inform quality assurance initiatives. The calculation of reliable and clinically significant change indices is one strategy that organizations could use to develop both internal and externally focused benchmarking processes. The current study aimed to develop reliable and clinically significant change indices for a range of commonly used outcome measures in the substance abuse field. Participants were attending Kedesh Rehabilitation Services, an Australian residential substance abuse service that also accepts people with co-occurring mental health problems (n0595). A range of mental health and substance use measures were administered to …

Establishing The Need For Multiple Health Behaviour Change Interventions Within Residential Substance Abuse Services: Results From A Participant Survey, Peter Kelly, A Baker, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Frank Deane, Billie Bonevski

Peter Kelly

No abstract provided.

Coping Skill Acquisition During Computer-Based Cbt For Co-Occurring Substance Dependence And Depression, A Mitchell, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Frances Kay-Lambkin, A Baker

Peter Kelly

No abstract provided.

Explosive Strength Training: Can It Blow Away Conventional Methods, John Sampson

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

Inter-Subject Variability During Combined Strength And Endurance Training, John Sampson, Laura Holland

John Sampson

No abstract provided.

New Wine New Wineskins: Revisiting Catholic Sacramentality Through The Eyes Of A Child's Spiritual Being, Nigel Mackay, Peter Caputi, Gerard Stoyles, Geoffrey Lyons

Nigel Mackay

This theoretical paper discusses the spirituality of childhood within the context of Catholic sacramentality, specifically the child¿s experience of the Sacrament of Eucharist. The authors argue that readiness for a child¿s reception of the Eucharist needs to take into account the spiritual being of the child, as well as the child¿s cognitive capacity to grasp the meaning of the Eucharist. Future research directions arising from this theoretical paper are discussed in the conclusion.

The Case Study In Psychoanalytic Education, Nigel Mackay, Steven Poser

Nigel Mackay

The case study is widely used in psychoanalysis for presenting and illustrating clinical theory. It is also the standard means by which analysts-in-training demonstrate their ability both to manage cases and to convey their grasp of the case material. Most training institutes use the formal presentation of a case as a requirement for graduation. The Center for Modern Psychoanalytic Studies, New York, currently requires a single-case study as a final piece for the completion of certificate training (Meadow & Bernstein, 1999). In this paper we argue that the main purpose of the training case study is to illustrate theory systematically …

Encyclopedia Of Animal Behavior, A. Payne, P. Starks, Aviva Liebert

Aviva E Liebert

The Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior has engaged-with great success-the efforts of many of the best behavioral biologists of the 21st century. Section editors drawn from the most accomplished behavioral scientists of their generation have enrolled an international cast of highly respected thinkers and writers-all of whom have taken great care and joy in illuminating every imaginable corner of animal behavior. This comprehensive work covers not only the usual topics such as communication, learning, sexual selection, navigation, and the history of the field, but also emerging topics in cognition, animal welfare, conservation, and applications of animal behavior. The large section on …

‘Da, Da Canada, Nyet, Nyet Soviet:’ From Hagiography To Reality In The Canada: Soviet 1972 Hockey Series, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

This paper forms part of a panel presentation and discussion that re-evaluates the Summit Series from a more critical perspective than the nostalgic rhetoric of the recent, 2012, 40th anniversary of the event. This part of the panel presentation will examine this question: What factors have served to enshrine the Series to the Mythic and Mono-mythic Levels? Evidence utilized includes game-films from the series; the collective rhetoric of secondary sources such as 27 Days in Sept, Face Off at the Summit, Hockey Nite in Moscow, The Days Canada Stood Still, Hockey Showdown, and Shooting for Glory; film analysis such as …

Applied Motivational Interviewing For Client-Centered Practice In Geriatric Care., Don Morrow, Jennifer Irwin

Donald Morrow

This presentation will be an interactive, experiential and practical session devoted to ‘hands on’ motivational interview skills. Participants will learn such applied skills as using powerful questions, listening more acutely, moving status talk to change talk and rolling with patient resistance to facilitate behaviour change. You will learn how to use MI skills specifically applied to older adults

Partial Replacement Of Nacl Can Be Achieved With Potassium, Magnesium And Calcium Salts In Brown Bread, Karen Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Elizabeth Macgregor, Nonnie Vorster

Karen E. Charlton

Objectives: To develop a reduced sodium bread in which salt (NaCl) is partially replaced with K, Mg, and Ca salts. Methods: Experimental bread was compared against standard brown bread, after a drop test (to assess whether bread quality deteriorates with abuse) and after usual baking practices for baking properties (volume, crust colour, crumb colour and cell structure), sensory properties and nutritional composition. Plant production feasibility was evaluated in an industrial plant. Breads produced there were subjected to sensory evaluation using triangulation tests in a panel of 122 consumers. Twenty-four samples of both standard and experimental bread were laboratory-analysed for Na, …

Improved Iodine Status In Breastfeeding Women Following Mandatory Fortification, Samantha Axford, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Gary Ma

Karen E. Charlton

Mandatory iodine fortification of salt used in the bread-making process was introduced in Australia in October 2009 at levels to meet the iodine needs of the general Australian population. An iodine supplement of 150 μg each day is recommended to meet the additional needs of pregnancy and lactation.1,2 As the iodine status of pregnant women in Australia has been found to be inadequate,3–5 it can be anticipated that many women commence lactation in an iodine-depleted state. Thus, it is important to determine the iodine status of breastfeeding mothers.

Defining The Functional Properties Of Dietary Protein And Protein-Rich Foods In Human Energy Expenditure, Sze Yen Tan, Linda Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

Food has a number of functional properties that can support the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure and, theoretically, one of these is the thermic effect of food. Including high-protein foods in meals may be advantageous in contributing to energy expenditure but, in practice, the evidence needs to relate to specific foods and normal dietary conditions. Using the human whole room calorimeter facility, we conducted three studies to examine the effects of: (i) higher and lower levels of protein on energy expenditure; (ii) high-protein meals using different foods to deliver the protein; and (iii) omnivorous and vegetarian cuisines in …

Iodine Fortification: Why, When, What, How, And Who?, Karen Charlton, Sheila Skeaff

Karen E. Charlton

Purpose of review: To highlight current issues regarding the role of iodine fortification in correcting and preventing iodine deficiency. Universal salt iodization (USI) is recommended, wherein all salt is iodized; however, a more graduated approach may be warranted.Recent findings: Iodine deficiency is widespread and has re-emerged in countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the UK. As well as supplementation in groups such as pregnant and lactating women who have increased iodine requirements, public health strategies to improve iodine intakes include voluntary or mandatory fortification of the food supply. A key player in the process of fortification is the food …

Two Apples And Five Carrots A Day Keep The Doctor Away: Strategies To Increase Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Karen Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Poor Nutritional Status Of Older Subacute Patients Predicts Clinical Outcomes And Mortality At 18 Months Of Follow-Up, K Charlton, C Nichols, S Bowden, Marianna Milosavljevic, K Lambert, L Barone, M Mason, M Batterham

Karen E. Charlton

Background/Objectives: Older malnourished patients experience increased surgical complications and greater morbidity compared with their well-nourished counterparts. This study aimed to assess whether nutritional status at hospital admission predicted clinical outcomes at 18 months follow-up. Subjects/Methods: A retrospective analysis of N=2076 patient admissions (65+ years) from two subacute hospitals, New South Wales, Australia. Analysis of outcomes at 18 months, according to nutritional status at index admission, was performed in a subsample of n=476. Nutritional status was determined within 72 h of admission using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Outcomes, obtained from electronic patient records, included hospital readmission rate, total Length of …

Managing Undernutrition In The Elderly: Prevention Is Better Than Cure, Damian Flanagan, Therese Fisher, Micheal Murray, Renuka Visvanathan, Karen Charlton, Cathy Thesing, Gerald Quigley, Kerstin Walther

Karen E. Charlton

Background: Undernutrition in the elderly is common and can be associated with adverse medical consequences, contributing to frailty, morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality.Objective: This article provides guidelines for screening for undernutrition in general practice, and suggests strategies to address undernutrition in older patients.Discussion: Screening for undernutrition in general practice helps focus time and resources on people at greatest risk. Early identification and management of people at risk of undernutritionis important because it is difficult to reverse its adverse effects,once established.

Validation Of The Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (Mna-Sf): A Practical Tool For Identification Of Nutritional Status, Matthius Kaiser, J. Bauer, C. Ramsch, W. Uter, Yves Guigoz, Tommy Cederholm, D. Thomas, Patricia Anthony, Karen Charlton, M. Maggio, Alan Tsai, D. Grathwohl, Bruno Vellas, C. Sieber

Karen E. Charlton

Objective: To validate a revision of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA®-SF) against the full MNA, a standard tool for nutritional evaluation. Methods: A literature search identified studies that used the MNA for nutritional screening in geriatric patients. The contacted authors submitted original datasets that were merged into a single database. Various combinations of the questions on the current MNA-SF were tested using this database through combination analysis and ROC based derivation of classification thresholds. Results: Twenty-seven datasets (n=6257 participants) were initially processed from which twelve were used in the current analysis on a sample of 2032 study participants (mean …

The Mna, But Not The Determine, Screening Tool Is A Valid Indicator Of Nutritional Status In Elderly Africans, Karen Charlton, Tracy Kolbe-Alexander, Johanna Nel

Karen E. Charlton

Objectives: To compare the validity of existing nutrition screening tools for use in older South Africans. Design: A cross-sectional study in 283 free-living and institutionalized black South Africans aged 60+ years.Methods: Trained fieldworkers administered a 24-hour recall, the DETERMINE and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) screening tools and performed anthropometrical measurements and physical function tests. Biochemical indicators assessed included serum albumin; haemoglobin, ferritin, vitamin B12, RBC folate, cholesterol and vitamin C. The 6-item Cognitive Impairment Test was used to assess cognitive function.Results: MNA score was positively and significantly associated with anthropometrical measurements, cognitive function, IADL and, in women only, % body …

Frequency Of Malnutrition In Older Adults: A Multinational Perspective Using The Mini Nutritional Assessment, Matthias Kaiser, J. Bauer, C. Ramsch, W. Uter, Yves Guigoz, Tommy Cederholm, D. Thomas, Patricia Anthony, Karen Charlton, M. Maggio, Alan Tsai, Bruno Vellas, C. Sieber

Karen E. Charlton

OBJECTIVES: To provide pooled data on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly people as evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

DESIGN: Retrospective pooled analysis of previously published datasets.

SETTING: Hospital, rehabilitation, nursing home, community.

PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand five hundred seven people (75.2% female) with a mean age of 82.3.

MEASUREMENTS: The prevalence of malnutrition in the combined database and in the four settings was examined.

RESULTS: Twenty-four data sets with information on full MNA classification from researchers from 12 countries were submitted. In the combined database, the prevalence of malnutrition was 22.8%, with considerable differences between the settings (rehabilitation, …

An Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of Growth Monitoring And Promotion Practices In The Lusaka District Of Zambia, Karen Charlton, Beatrice Kawana, Michael Hendricks

Karen E. Charlton

Objective: We evaluated the effectiveness of the growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) program in Zambia. Methods: A 3-mo prospective study of growth outcomes was undertaken at randomly selected health facilities and community posts within the Lusaka district. Children(n equals 698) were purposively sampled from three health facilities (n equals 459) and four community posts (n equals 77) where health workers had undergone training inGMP and three health facilities where staff had not received training (n equals 162). Qualitative data on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of GMP were collected from health facility managers (n equals 6), health workers (n equals 35), …

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Polymorphisms Predict Blood Pressure Response To Dietary Modification In Black Patients With Mild-To-Moderate Hypertension, B Rayner, R Ramesar, K Steyn, N Levitt, C Lombard, K Charlton

Karen E. Charlton

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Effects Of Increased Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat From Walnuts On Metabolic Parameters In Type Ii Diabetes, Cassandra Quick, Marijka Batterham, Linda Tapsell, Lynda Gillen, Karen Charlton, Sze Yen Tan, Grigorijs Teuss, Sayne Mam Dalton

Karen E. Charlton

Background/Objectives: Most dietary interventions have metabolic effects in the short term, but long-term effects may require dietary fat changes to influence body composition and insulin action. This study assessed the effect of sustained high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake through walnut consumption on metabolic outcomes in type II diabetes.Subjects/Methods: Fifty overweight adults with non-insulin-treated diabetes (mean age 54±8.7 years) were randomized to receive low-fat dietary advice ±30 g per day walnuts targeting weight maintenance (around 2000 kcal, 30% fat) for 1 year. Differences between groups were assessed by changes in anthropometric values (body weight, body fat, visceral adipose tissue) and …