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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Persistence Of Episomal Hiv-1 Infection Intermediates In Patients On Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Mark Sharkey, Ian Teo, Thomas Greenough, Natalia Sharova, Katherine Luzuriaga, John Sullivan, R. Bucy, Leondios Kostrikis, Ashley Haase, Claire Veryard, Raul Davaro, Sarah Cheeseman, Jennifer Daly, Carol Bova, Richard Ellison, Brian Mady, Kwan Lai, Graeme Moyle, Mark Nelson, Brian Gazzard, Sunil Shaunak, Mario Stevenson Dec 2012

Persistence Of Episomal Hiv-1 Infection Intermediates In Patients On Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy, Mark Sharkey, Ian Teo, Thomas Greenough, Natalia Sharova, Katherine Luzuriaga, John Sullivan, R. Bucy, Leondios Kostrikis, Ashley Haase, Claire Veryard, Raul Davaro, Sarah Cheeseman, Jennifer Daly, Carol Bova, Richard Ellison, Brian Mady, Kwan Lai, Graeme Moyle, Mark Nelson, Brian Gazzard, Sunil Shaunak, Mario Stevenson

Associate Professor Mark Nelson

Treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals with a combination of anti-retroviral agents results in sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication, as evidenced by a reduction in plasma viral RNA to levels below the limit of detection of available assays. However, even in patients whose plasma viral RNA levels have been suppressed to below detectable levels for up to 30 months, replication-competent virus can routinely be recovered from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells and from semen. A reservoir of latently infected cells established early in infection may be involved in the maintenance of viral persistence despite highly active anti-retroviral therapy. However, whether virus replication …


Geant4 Physics Processes For Microdosimetry Simulation: Design Foundation And Implementation Of The First Set Of Models, S. Chauvie, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, S. Incerti, B. Mascialino, P. Moretto, P. Nieminen, Maria Pia Dec 2012

Geant4 Physics Processes For Microdosimetry Simulation: Design Foundation And Implementation Of The First Set Of Models, S. Chauvie, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, S. Incerti, B. Mascialino, P. Moretto, P. Nieminen, Maria Pia

Susanna Guatelli

New physical processes specific for microdosimetry simulation are under development in the Geant4 Low Energy Electromagnetic package. The first set of models implemented for this purpose cover the interactions of electrons, protons and light ions in liquid water; they address a physics domain relevant to the simulation of radiation effects in biological systems, where water represents an important component. The design developed for effectively handling particle interactions down to a low energy scale and the physics models implemented in the first public release of the software are described.


Video-Recorded Usability Testing Of A Web-Based Self-Administered Dietary Assessment, Yasmine Probst, David Steel, Linda Tapsell Dec 2012

Video-Recorded Usability Testing Of A Web-Based Self-Administered Dietary Assessment, Yasmine Probst, David Steel, Linda Tapsell

Professor David Steel

No abstract provided.


Reflections On Community Engagement For Transforming Praxis: Lessons From The Learning And Teaching Creatively Project, Alison Wicks, Brian Cambourne, Robbie Collins, Marcel De Roo Nov 2012

Reflections On Community Engagement For Transforming Praxis: Lessons From The Learning And Teaching Creatively Project, Alison Wicks, Brian Cambourne, Robbie Collins, Marcel De Roo

Robbie Collins

The Learning and Teaching Creatively project involved collaboration between the Bundanon Trust, the University of Wollongong’s Faculty of Education and Shoalhaven Campus and the Australasian Occupational Science Centre. The aim of the project was provide opportunity for Graduate Diploma of Education (Primary) students at the Shoalhaven Campus to experience the creative process, thereby enabling them to develop ways of facilitating creativity in primary school students. Additionally, the project was designed to initiate a long term partnership between the Shoalhaven Campus and Bundanon, a highly valued internationally renowned ‘living arts centre’ located in the Shoalhaven. The Knowledge Building Community and occupational …


Pyocyanin-Induced Toxicity In A549 Respiratory Cells Is Causally Linked To Oxidative Stress, Lee Gloyne, Gary Grant, Anthony Perkins, Katie Powell, Catherine Mcdermott, Peter Johnson, Gregory Anderson, Milton Kiefel, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie Nov 2012

Pyocyanin-Induced Toxicity In A549 Respiratory Cells Is Causally Linked To Oxidative Stress, Lee Gloyne, Gary Grant, Anthony Perkins, Katie Powell, Catherine Mcdermott, Peter Johnson, Gregory Anderson, Milton Kiefel, Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie

Catherine M. McDermott

Pyocyanin, a virulence factor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has many damaging effects on mammalian cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that this damage is primarily mediated by its ability to generate ROS and deplete host antioxidant defence mechanisms. However, a causal role for oxidative stress has not yet been demonstrated conclusively. Parallel measures of ROS production, antioxidant levels and cytotoxicity provide convincing evidence that pyocyanin-induced cytotoxicity in A549 respiratory cells is mediated by acute ROS production and subsequent oxidative stress. Pyocyanin increased ROS levels in A549 cells as measured by the fluorescent H2O2 probes Amplex Red and DCFH-DA. These effects …


Psychology And The Enhancement Of Medication Adherence, Mitchell Byrne, Frank Deane Nov 2012

Psychology And The Enhancement Of Medication Adherence, Mitchell Byrne, Frank Deane

Mitchell K Byrne

This paper reports on a new approach to the enhancement of medication adherence - Medication Alliance. Medication Alliance was developed and piloted by a project team that includes Mitch Byrne as project leader, Frank Deane as research supervisor, and two consultants, Tim Coombs and Gordon Lambert. Because Medication Alliance borrows heavily from psychological principles such as functional analysis and cognitive therapy, this presentation is entitled 'Psychology and the Enhancement of Medication Adherence '. However, Medication Alliance is a non-discipline specific therapy approach that fits well within the purview of any clinician delivering psychosocial interventions. The theoretical underpinnings of the various …


Eeg In Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Patrick Heaven, Robert Barry, Mitchell Byrne, Adam Clarke, Rory Mccarthy, Mark Selikowitz Nov 2012

Eeg In Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Patrick Heaven, Robert Barry, Mitchell Byrne, Adam Clarke, Rory Mccarthy, Mark Selikowitz

Mitchell K Byrne

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood, but it is becoming increasingly more apparent that more than half the childhood sufferers will continue to manifest symptoms of the disorder as adults. While EEG coherence in children with AD/HD has been examined extensively, no studies have investigated coherence in adults with the disorder. This study investigated EEG coherence in adults with AD/HD. EEG was recorded from 18 adult males with AD/HD, and an age- and gender-matched control group, during an eyes-closed resting condition. Waveshape coherence was calculated for 8 intrahemispheric electrode pairs (4 in each hemisphere), and …


Training Models For Psychiatry In Primary Care: A New Frontier, Mitchell Byrne, Rachael Murrihy Nov 2012

Training Models For Psychiatry In Primary Care: A New Frontier, Mitchell Byrne, Rachael Murrihy

Mitchell K Byrne

No abstract provided.


The Detection Of Malingered Psychopathology And Cognitive Deficits: Employing The Fake Bad Scale And The Raven's Standard Progressive Matricies, Mitchell Byrne, Peter Golus, Steven Sellers Nov 2012

The Detection Of Malingered Psychopathology And Cognitive Deficits: Employing The Fake Bad Scale And The Raven's Standard Progressive Matricies, Mitchell Byrne, Peter Golus, Steven Sellers

Mitchell K Byrne

No abstract provided.


Predicting Vicarious Traumatization In Those Indirectly Exposed To Bushfires, Mitchell Byrne, Doukessa Lerias, Nichole Sullivan Nov 2012

Predicting Vicarious Traumatization In Those Indirectly Exposed To Bushfires, Mitchell Byrne, Doukessa Lerias, Nichole Sullivan

Mitchell K Byrne

No abstract provided.


Medication Alliance: Enhancing Adherance And Therapeutic Outcomes For People With Psychosis, Frank Deane, Mitchell Byrne Nov 2012

Medication Alliance: Enhancing Adherance And Therapeutic Outcomes For People With Psychosis, Frank Deane, Mitchell Byrne

Mitchell K Byrne

No abstract provided.


The Level Of Service Inventory-Revised (Lsi-R) And Australian Offenders: Factor Structure, Sensitivity, And Specificity, Ching-I Hsu, Peter Caputi, Mitchell Byrne Nov 2012

The Level Of Service Inventory-Revised (Lsi-R) And Australian Offenders: Factor Structure, Sensitivity, And Specificity, Ching-I Hsu, Peter Caputi, Mitchell Byrne

Mitchell K Byrne

No abstract provided.


A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating The Effects Of A Low-Glycemic Index Diet On Pregnancy Outcomes In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Jennie Brand-Miller, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Peter Petocz, Tania Markovic, Nimalie Perera, Deborah Foote, Glynis Ross Nov 2012

A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating The Effects Of A Low-Glycemic Index Diet On Pregnancy Outcomes In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Jennie Brand-Miller, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Peter Petocz, Tania Markovic, Nimalie Perera, Deborah Foote, Glynis Ross

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising. There is little evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of one dietary therapy over another. We aimed to investigate the effect of a low-glycemic index (LGI) versus a conventional high-fiber diet on pregnancy outcomes, neonatal anthropometry, and maternal metabolic profile in GDM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ninety-nine women (age 26-42 years; mean ± SD prepregnancy BMI 24 ± 5 kg/m²) diagnosed with GDM at 20-32 weeks' gestation were randomized to follow either an LGI (n = 50; target glycemic index [GI] ~50) or a high-fiber moderate-GI diet (HF) (n = 49; target …


Dietary Behaviors After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Group Education, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Tania Markovic, Deborah Foote, Glynis Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller Nov 2012

Dietary Behaviors After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Group Education, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Tania Markovic, Deborah Foote, Glynis Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Front-Of-Pack Food Labelling: Traffic Light Labelling Gets The Green Light, B Kelly, C Hughes, K Chapman, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, H Dixon, L King Nov 2012

Front-Of-Pack Food Labelling: Traffic Light Labelling Gets The Green Light, B Kelly, C Hughes, K Chapman, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, H Dixon, L King

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Front-Of-Pack Food Labelling: Traffic Light Labelling Gets The Green Light , Bridget Kelly, Clare Hughes, Kathy Chapman, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Helen Dixon, Jennifer Crawford, Lesley King, Mike Daube, Terry Slevin Nov 2012

Front-Of-Pack Food Labelling: Traffic Light Labelling Gets The Green Light , Bridget Kelly, Clare Hughes, Kathy Chapman, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Helen Dixon, Jennifer Crawford, Lesley King, Mike Daube, Terry Slevin

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

The placement of nutrition information on the front of food packages has been proposed as a method of providing simplified and visible nutrition information. This study aimed to determine the most acceptable and effective front-of-pack food labelling system for Australian consumers. Consumers' preferences and ability to compare the healthiness of mock food products were assessed for different front-of-pack labelling systems. Four systems were tested, including two variations of the Percentage Daily Intake (%DI) system (Monochrome %DI and Colour-Coded %DI), which display the proportion of daily nutrient contribution that a serve of food provides; and two variations of the Traffic Light …


"A Spoonful Of Sugar": Delayed Effects Of Coffee, Tea And Sucrose On Postprandial Glycemia In Lean, Young, Healthy Adults, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, F Atkinson, P Petocz, J Brand-Miller Nov 2012

"A Spoonful Of Sugar": Delayed Effects Of Coffee, Tea And Sucrose On Postprandial Glycemia In Lean, Young, Healthy Adults, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, F Atkinson, P Petocz, J Brand-Miller

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Dietary Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Children Aged 10-12 Years, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Josephine Gwynn, Nicole Turner, Janine Cochrane, John Wiggers, Victoria Flood Nov 2012

Dietary Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Children Aged 10-12 Years, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Josephine Gwynn, Nicole Turner, Janine Cochrane, John Wiggers, Victoria Flood

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Consumption Of 'Extra' Foods By Australian Children: 2007 Children's Survey Results, Janis Kwan, Anna Rangan, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie Nov 2012

Consumption Of 'Extra' Foods By Australian Children: 2007 Children's Survey Results, Janis Kwan, Anna Rangan, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Carbohydrate Intake In Gestational Diabetes - Should There Be A Minimum?, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Markovic, D Foote, G Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller Nov 2012

Carbohydrate Intake In Gestational Diabetes - Should There Be A Minimum?, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Markovic, D Foote, G Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Carbohydrate Nutrition Is Associated With Changes In The Retinal Vascular Structure And Branching Pattern In Children, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria Flood, Jie Wang, Wayne Smith, Elena Rochtchina, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Tien Wong, Jennie Brand-Miller, Paul Mitchell Nov 2012

Carbohydrate Nutrition Is Associated With Changes In The Retinal Vascular Structure And Branching Pattern In Children, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria Flood, Jie Wang, Wayne Smith, Elena Rochtchina, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Tien Wong, Jennie Brand-Miller, Paul Mitchell

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Delayed Effects Of Coffee, Tea And Sucrose On Postprandial Glycemia In Lean, Young, Healthy Adults, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Fiona Atkinson, Peter Petocz, Jennie Brand-Miller Nov 2012

Delayed Effects Of Coffee, Tea And Sucrose On Postprandial Glycemia In Lean, Young, Healthy Adults, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Fiona Atkinson, Peter Petocz, Jennie Brand-Miller

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

In observational studies, habitual coffee consumption has been linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We hy-pothesized that the mechanism may be related to delayed effects on postprandial glycemia. The aim of this study is to investigate the glycemic and insulinemic effects of consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, sweetened and unsweetened, tea and sucrose, 1 h prior to a high carbohydrate meal. On separate occasions in random order, lean young healthy subjects (n = 8) consumed a potato-based meal 1 hour after consumption of 250 mL of black coffee (COF), black coffee sweetened with 10 g of …


Consumer Response To Healthy Eating, Physical Activity And Weight-Related Recommendations: A Systematic Review, S Boylan, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Gill Nov 2012

Consumer Response To Healthy Eating, Physical Activity And Weight-Related Recommendations: A Systematic Review, S Boylan, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Gill

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Strong evidence linking poor diet and lack of physical activity to risk of obesity and related chronic disease has supported the development and promotion of guidelines to improve population health. Still, obesity continues to escalate as a major health concern, and so the impact of weight-related guidelines on behaviour is unclear. The aim of this review was to examine consumer response to weight-related guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PsycInfo, ProQuest Central and additional searches using Google and reference lists. Of the 1,765 articles identified, 46 relevant titles were included. Most studies examined attitudes towards content, source, …


The Diet Quality Of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Markovic, D Foote, G Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller Nov 2012

The Diet Quality Of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, T Markovic, D Foote, G Ross, Jennie Brand-Miller

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

No abstract provided.


Red Blood Cell Aggregation Parameters Measured By Capillary Tube Aggregometer Using Venous And Capillary Blood Samples, Michael Simmonds, R. Christy, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Herbert Meiselman, Oguz Baskurt Oct 2012

Red Blood Cell Aggregation Parameters Measured By Capillary Tube Aggregometer Using Venous And Capillary Blood Samples, Michael Simmonds, R. Christy, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Herbert Meiselman, Oguz Baskurt

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

The extent of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation has widely been accepted as a reliable indicator of inflammatory processes. The ability to measure RBC aggregation indexes in capillary blood samples may simplify the application of the test and may bring advantages in its clinical usage as well as application in field studies. This study compared RBC aggregation indexes measured in venous and capillary blood samples using a newly developed capillary tube aggregometer. Although strong correlations between agreegation indexes measured in capillary and venous samples were detected, the indexes measure in venous samples were higher compared to capillary samples, thus indicating …


Non-Adrenergic, Non-Cholinergic, Non-Purinergic Contractions Of The Urothelium/Lamina Propria Of The Pig Bladder, Christian Moro, Russ Chess-Williams Sep 2012

Non-Adrenergic, Non-Cholinergic, Non-Purinergic Contractions Of The Urothelium/Lamina Propria Of The Pig Bladder, Christian Moro, Russ Chess-Williams

Christian Moro

Summary
1. Acetylcholine, and to a lesser extent ATP, mediates neurogenic contractions of bladder smooth muscle. Recently, the urothelium and lamina propria have also been shown to have contractile properties, but the neurotransmitters involved in mediating responses to nerve stimulation have not been investigated.
2. Isolated strips of porcine urothelium with lamina propria were electrically field stimulated and contractions recorded. Drugs interfering with neurotransmission were then employed to identify which neurotransmitters mediated responses.
3. Strips of urothelium/lamina propria developed spontaneous contractions with a frequency of 3.5 ± 0.1 cycles min_1 and amplitude of 0.84 ± 0.06 g. Electrical field stimulation …


Neuropeptide Y Mrna Expression Levels Following Chronic Olanzapine, Clozapine And Haloperidol Administration In Rats, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Chao Deng Sep 2012

Neuropeptide Y Mrna Expression Levels Following Chronic Olanzapine, Clozapine And Haloperidol Administration In Rats, Xu-Feng Huang, Katerina Zavitsanou, Chao Deng

Xu-Feng Huang

No abstract provided.


Inter-Meal Interval Is Increased In Mice Fed A High Whey, As Opposed To Soy And Gluten, Protein Diets, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South, Yinghua Yu Sep 2012

Inter-Meal Interval Is Increased In Mice Fed A High Whey, As Opposed To Soy And Gluten, Protein Diets, Xu-Feng Huang, Timothy South, Yinghua Yu

Xu-Feng Huang

This study aimed to characterise meal patterns and satiety effects of diets that are high in protein but differ in protein source. Using a computerised automatic recording system, meal pattern behaviour was recorded continuously for 7 days in mice fed single (whey, soy or gluten) or different combined protein diets. Overall, average energy intake was significantly lower in mice fed a whey protein diet than those fed soy, gluten and lab chow diets. Among these four diets, the inter-meal interval of mice fed a whey protein diet was the longest and their meal number was the lowest. Combination of whey …


Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment On Weight Gain And H1 Receptor Expression, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Tom Burne, Mei Han Sep 2012

Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment On Weight Gain And H1 Receptor Expression, Kelly Newell, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Tom Burne, Mei Han

Xu-Feng Huang

The present study investigated body weight gain, food intake, open-field activity and brain histamine H1 receptor mRNA and protein expression in rats treated with three types of antipsychotics. Rats were divided into eight groups and treated with aripiprazole (2.25mg/kg/day), olanzapine (1.5mg/kg/day), haloperidol (0.3mg/kg/day) or vehicle (as control) for 1 or 12 weeks. Administration of olanzapine for 1 week led to a threefold increase in body weight gain and a 35% increase in fat deposits compared to controls (p<0.05). In the 12-week olanzapine treatment group, accumulative food intake was significantly higher in the first 7 weeks of treatment compared to …


Ventromedial Hypothalamic Npy Y2 Receptor In The Maintenance Of Body Weight In Diet-Induced Obesity In Mice, Yulin Li, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Qing Wang, Timothy South, Yinghua Yu Sep 2012

Ventromedial Hypothalamic Npy Y2 Receptor In The Maintenance Of Body Weight In Diet-Induced Obesity In Mice, Yulin Li, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Qing Wang, Timothy South, Yinghua Yu

Xu-Feng Huang

This study examined changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y2 receptor binding in the brains of C57BL/6 mice in response to different levels of high-fat diets via three dietary intervention methods: high-fat diet, switching from high- to low-fat diet and finally, energy restricted high-fat diet. Forty-five C57Bl/6 male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then classified as diet-induced obese (DIO) or diet-resistant (DR) mice according to the highest and lowest body weight gainers, respectively. The DIO and DR mice were then randomly divided into three groups each and either continued on their high-fat diet ad libitum (DIO-H …