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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Island Fragmentation Drives Evolutionary Diversification Of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Spp.), Mark Jordan, H. Snell
Island Fragmentation Drives Evolutionary Diversification Of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Spp.), Mark Jordan, H. Snell
Mark A. Jordan
No abstract provided.
Phenotypic Divergence Despite High Levels Of Gene Flow In Galapagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Albemarlensis), Mark Jordan, H. Snell, H. Snell, W. Jordan
Phenotypic Divergence Despite High Levels Of Gene Flow In Galapagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Albemarlensis), Mark Jordan, H. Snell, H. Snell, W. Jordan
Mark A. Jordan
The extent of evolutionary divergence of phenotypes between habitats is predominantly the result of the balance of differential natural selection and gene flow. Lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis) on the small island of Plaza Sur in the Galápagos archipelago inhabit contrasting habitats: dense vegetation on the western end of the island thins rapidly in a transitional area, before becoming absent on the eastern half. Associated with these habitats are phenotypic differences in traits linked to predator avoidance (increased wariness, sprint speed, and endurance in lizards from the sparsely vegetated habitat). This population provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that reduced …
The Influence Of Historical Landscape Change On Genetic Variation And Population Structure Of A Terrestrial Salamander ( Plethodon Cinereus ), Mark Jordan, Douglas Morris, Scott Gibson
The Influence Of Historical Landscape Change On Genetic Variation And Population Structure Of A Terrestrial Salamander ( Plethodon Cinereus ), Mark Jordan, Douglas Morris, Scott Gibson
Mark A. Jordan
Forest loss and fragmentation is expected to shape the genetic structure of amphibian populations and reduce genetic variation. Another factor widely understood to have impacted these same parameters in North America is the range expansion that occurred following glacial retreat at the end of the Pleistocene. The Eastern Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) has been subjected to both processes. In this context, we investigated the historical events that are likely to have shaped genetic variation in this species using a panel of six microsatellite markers screened on individuals sampled across ten localities in northeastern Indiana, USA. We found low genetic diversity …
Historical Fragmentation And Genetic Drift In Populations Of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Albemarlensis Complex), Mark Jordan, H. Snell
Historical Fragmentation And Genetic Drift In Populations Of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus Albemarlensis Complex), Mark Jordan, H. Snell
Mark A. Jordan
No abstract provided.
Species-Level Correlates Of Susceptibility To The Pathogenic Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In The United States, Betsy Bancroft, Barbara Han, Catherine Searle, Lindsay Biga, Deanna Olson, Lee Kats, Joshua Lawler, Andrew Blaustein
Species-Level Correlates Of Susceptibility To The Pathogenic Amphibian Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In The United States, Betsy Bancroft, Barbara Han, Catherine Searle, Lindsay Biga, Deanna Olson, Lee Kats, Joshua Lawler, Andrew Blaustein
Lee Kats
Disease is often implicated as a factor in population declines of wildlife and plants. Understanding the characteristics that may predispose a species to infection by a particular pathogen can help direct conservation efforts. Recent declines in amphibian populations world-wide are a major conservation issue and may be caused in part by a fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We used Random Forest, a machine learning approach, to identify species-level characteristics that may be related to susceptibility to Bd. Our results suggest that body size at maturity, aspects of egg laying behavior, taxonomic order and family, and reliance on water are good …
Adaptation As Process: The Future Of Darwinism And The Legacy Of Theodosius Dobzhansky, David Depew
Adaptation As Process: The Future Of Darwinism And The Legacy Of Theodosius Dobzhansky, David Depew
David J Depew
Conceptions of adaptation have varied in the history of genetic Darwinism depending on whether what is taken to be focal is the process of adaptation, adapted states of populations, or discrete adaptations in individual organisms. I argue that Theodosius Dobzhansky’s view of adaptation as a dynamical process contrasts with so-called “adaptationist” views of natural selection figured as “design-without-a-designer” of relatively discrete, enumerable adaptations. Correlated with these respectively process and product oriented approaches to adaptive natural selection are divergent pictures of organisms themselves as developmental wholes or as “bundles” of adaptations. While even process versions of genetical Darwinism are insufficiently sensitive …
The Complexity Of Amphibian Population Declines: Understanding The Role Of Cofactors In Driving Amphibian Losses, Andrew Blaustein, Barbara Han, Rick Relyea, Pieter Johnson, Julia Buck, Stephanie Gervasi, Lee Kats
The Complexity Of Amphibian Population Declines: Understanding The Role Of Cofactors In Driving Amphibian Losses, Andrew Blaustein, Barbara Han, Rick Relyea, Pieter Johnson, Julia Buck, Stephanie Gervasi, Lee Kats
Lee Kats
Population losses and extinctions of species are occurring at unprecedented rates, as exemplified by declines and extinctions of amphibians worldwide. However, studies of amphibian population declines generally do not address the complexity of the phenomenon or its implications for ecological communities, focusing instead on single factors affecting particular amphibian species. We argue that the causes for amphibian population declines are complex; may differ among species, populations, and life stages within a population; and are context dependent with multiple stressors interacting to drive declines. Because amphibians are key components of communities, we emphasize the importance of investigating amphibian declines at the …
Description Of The Tadpoles Of Hypsiboas Aguilari And H. Melanopleura Aguilari And H. Melanopleura (Anura: Hylidae: Hypsiboas Pulchellus Group), Edgar Lehr, Julian Faivovich, Karl-Heinz Jungfer
Description Of The Tadpoles Of Hypsiboas Aguilari And H. Melanopleura Aguilari And H. Melanopleura (Anura: Hylidae: Hypsiboas Pulchellus Group), Edgar Lehr, Julian Faivovich, Karl-Heinz Jungfer
Edgar Lehr
We describe the tadpoles of Hypsiboas melanopleura and H. aguilari and compare them with the tadpoles of other species in the Hypsiboas pulchellus group. The description of the tadpole of H. aguilari is based on an individual at Gosner Stage 29 and that of H. melanopleura on an individual at Gosner Stage 28. Both tadpoles have a labial tooth row formula of 2(2)/4(1). At Stage 35, the tadpole of H. aguilari had a total length of 52.2 mm, at Stage 37, the tadpole of H. melanopleura had a total length of 60.7 mm. In life, the tadpole of H. aguilari …
Molecular Anatomy Of The Developing Limb In The Coqu ́I Frog, Eleutherodactylus Coqui, Joshua Gross, Ryan Kerney, James Hanken, Clifford Tabin
Molecular Anatomy Of The Developing Limb In The Coqu ́I Frog, Eleutherodactylus Coqui, Joshua Gross, Ryan Kerney, James Hanken, Clifford Tabin
Ryan Kerney
The vertebrate limb demonstrates remark- able similarity in basic organization across phylogenetically disparate groups. To gain further insight into how this mor- phological similarity is maintained in different developmental contexts, we explored the molecular anatomy of size-reduced embryos of the Puerto Rican coqu ́ı frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui. This animal demonstrates direct development, a life- history strategy marked by rapid progression from egg to adult and absence of a free-living, aquatic larva. Nonethe- less, coqu ́ı exhibits a basal anuran limb structure, with four toes on the forelimb and five toes on the hind limb. We in- vestigated the extent to …
Levels Of Biological Organization And The Origin Of Novelty, Brian Hall, Ryan Kerney
Levels Of Biological Organization And The Origin Of Novelty, Brian Hall, Ryan Kerney
Ryan Kerney
The concept of novelty in evolutionary biology pertains to multiple tiers of biological organization from behavioral and morphological changes to changes at the molecular level. Identifying novel features requires assessments of similarity (homology and homoplasy) of relationships (phylogenetic history) and of shared developmental and genetic pathways or networks. After a brief discussion of how novelty is used in recent literature, we discuss whether the evolutionary approach to homology and homoplasy initially formulated by Lankester in the 19th century informs our understanding of novelty today. We then discuss six examples of morphological features described in the recent literature as novelties, and …
Embryonic Staging Table For A Direct- Developing Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus (Plethodontidae), Ryan Kerney
Embryonic Staging Table For A Direct- Developing Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus (Plethodontidae), Ryan Kerney
Ryan Kerney
This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incom- plete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71:577– 601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The stag- ing table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in lar- vae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found …
Are Species Cohesive?—A View From Bacteriology, Frederick M. Cohan
Are Species Cohesive?—A View From Bacteriology, Frederick M. Cohan
Frederick M. Cohan
No abstract provided.