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- Keyword
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- Body weight & conditioned taste aversion (1)
- Bred rats; acoustic startle; methylphenidate effects; food deprivation; startle reflex; intra-individual differences; inter-individual differences; prepulse inhibition (1)
- Conference presentation (1)
- DNA sequence variation; protein coding; genes; saccharin preference; rats; polymorphism (1)
- Food restriction; refeeding; high fat diet; ethanol; flavor conditioning; energy status; rats (1)
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- Implications for role of stress in anorexia & weight loss & depression (1)
- Male rats (1)
- Metabolic homeostasis; restricted feeding; low- vs high-saccharin-consuming rats; emotionality; strain differences; deprivation-induced hyperactivity; food intake (1)
- Stress in learned helplessness paradigm (1)
- Stress; startle; rats; individual differences in the effect of stress; attenuated startle (1)
Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Refeeding After Acute Food Restriction: Differential Reduction In Preference For Ethanol And Ethanol-Paired Flavors In Selectively Bred Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Laura Cousins, Phuong Nguyen
Refeeding After Acute Food Restriction: Differential Reduction In Preference For Ethanol And Ethanol-Paired Flavors In Selectively Bred Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Laura Cousins, Phuong Nguyen
Clinton D Chapman
Rats' voluntary ethanol intake varies with dispositional factors and energy status. The joint influences of these were of interest here. We previously reported that rats selectively bred for high voluntary saccharin intake (HiS) consume more ethanol and express more robust conditioning of preference for flavors paired with voluntarily consumed ethanol than do low-saccharin consuming counterparts (LoS). Three new experiments examined the effect of refeeding after an episode of food restriction on ethanol intake and on preference for ethanol-paired flavors in HiS and LoS rats. A 48-h episode of food restriction with wheel running reduced intake of and preference for 4% …
Modulation Of Methylphenidate Effects On Wheel Running And Acoustic Startle By Acute Food Deprivation In Commercially And Selectively Bred Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Ian Mclaughlin
Modulation Of Methylphenidate Effects On Wheel Running And Acoustic Startle By Acute Food Deprivation In Commercially And Selectively Bred Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Ian Mclaughlin
Clinton D Chapman
Behavioral effects of the same dose of the same drug can vary in degree and direction between and within individuals. The present study examines behavioral base rates, feeding status, and dispositional differences as sources of inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in drug response. Modulation of the effects of methylphenidate (MPD) on wheel running and acoustic startle by food deprivation was examined in three experiments. Freely fed or food deprived Harlan Sprague–Dawley rats (running study) or rats selectively bred for low (LoS) and high (HiS) saccharin intake (running and startle studies) were given MPD (10 mg/kg) or saline before testing. Overall drug …
Stress-Induced Attenuation Of Acoustic Startle In Low-Saccharin-Consuming Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Mitzi Gonzales, Cameryn Garrett
Stress-Induced Attenuation Of Acoustic Startle In Low-Saccharin-Consuming Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, Mitzi Gonzales, Cameryn Garrett
Clinton D Chapman
Exposure to stress can lead to either increased stress vulnerability or enhanced resiliency. Laboratory rats are a key tool in the exploration of basic biobehavioral processes underlying individual differences in the effect of stress on subsequent stressors' impact. The Occidental low (LoS) and high (HiS) saccharin-consuming rats, which differ in emotional reactivity, are useful in this effort. In the present study, footshock affected acoustic startle amplitude 4 h later among LoS but not HiS rats. Surprisingly, shock attenuated startle rather than sensitizing it, a finding not previously reported for male rats exposed to shock. Attenuation was blocked by administering the …
No Relationship Between Sequence Variation In Protein Coding Regions Of The Tas1r3 Gene And Saccharin Preference In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Ke Lu, Amanda Mcdaniel, Michael Tordoff, Li Xia, Gary Beauchamp, Nancy Dess, Dennis Vanderweele, Liquan Huang, Hong Wang, Danielle Reed
No Relationship Between Sequence Variation In Protein Coding Regions Of The Tas1r3 Gene And Saccharin Preference In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Ke Lu, Amanda Mcdaniel, Michael Tordoff, Li Xia, Gary Beauchamp, Nancy Dess, Dennis Vanderweele, Liquan Huang, Hong Wang, Danielle Reed
Clinton D Chapman
Nearly all mammalian species like sweet-tasting foods and drinks, but there are differences in the degree of 'sweet tooth' both between species and among individuals of the same species. Some individual differences can be explained by genetic variability. Polymorphisms in a sweet taste receptor (Tas1r3) account for a large fraction of the differences in consumption of sweet solutions among inbred mouse strains. We wondered whether mice and rats share the same Tas1r3 alleles, and whether this gene might explain the large difference in saccharin preference among rats. We conducted three experiments to test this. We examined DNA sequence differences in …
Exploring Adaptations To Famine: Rats Selectively Bred For Differential Intake Of Saccharin Differ On Deprivation-Induced Hyperactivity And Emotionality., Clinton Chapman, Jill Arnal, Dennis Vanderweele, Nancy Dess
Exploring Adaptations To Famine: Rats Selectively Bred For Differential Intake Of Saccharin Differ On Deprivation-Induced Hyperactivity And Emotionality., Clinton Chapman, Jill Arnal, Dennis Vanderweele, Nancy Dess
Clinton D Chapman
In many mammals, including humans and rats, acute starvation increases locomotor activity. This seemingly paradoxical and potentially lethal behavior pattern may reflect an evolved, multisystem response to sudden threats to metabolic homeostasis. The present study provides a novel test of this idea. Occidental High- (HiS) and Low- (LoS) Saccharin-Consuming rats differ on the taste phenotype and also on some affective measures, on which LoS rats score higher. Wheel running was measured in HiS and LoS rats with food available freely vs for 1 hr daily. As predicted, restricted feeding stimulated significantly more running among LoS rats. Two independent tests of …
Stressors In The Learned Helplessness Paradigm: Effects On Body Weight And Conditioned Taste Aversion In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, John Garcia, Jeffrey Raizer
Stressors In The Learned Helplessness Paradigm: Effects On Body Weight And Conditioned Taste Aversion In Rats., Clinton Chapman, Nancy Dess, John Garcia, Jeffrey Raizer
Clinton D Chapman
In Exp 1, 44 male rats drank saccharin or a control solution, followed by 100 inescapable shocks or simple restraint. Ss were weighed daily and were tested for saccharin aversion 2 days after the stress session. Shocked Ss gained less weight than restrained controls. Saccharin aversion was apparent only among Ss that had consumed saccharin before the stress session. In Exp 2, 72 Ss drank saccharin solution, followed by shock, restraint, or no treatment. Half of each group was injected with saline; the other half was injected with lithium chloride. Shock reduced body weight relative to restraint or no treatment …