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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Genetics In Non-Genetic Model Systems, Carlos Lois, James Groves
Genetics In Non-Genetic Model Systems, Carlos Lois, James Groves
Carlos Lois
The past few decades have seen the field of genetic engineering evolve at a rapid pace, with neuroscientists now equipped with a wide range of tools for the manipulation of an animal's genome in order to study brain function. However, the number of species to which these technologies have been applied, namely the fruit fly, C. elegans, zebrafish and mouse, remains relatively few. This review will discuss the variety of approaches to genetic modification that have been developed in such traditional 'genetic systems', and highlight the progress that has been made to translate these technologies to alternative species such as …
Wandering Neuronal Migration In The Postnatal Vertebrate Forebrain, Benjamin Scott, Timothy Gardner, Ni Ji, Michale Fee, Carlos Lois
Wandering Neuronal Migration In The Postnatal Vertebrate Forebrain, Benjamin Scott, Timothy Gardner, Ni Ji, Michale Fee, Carlos Lois
Carlos Lois
Most non-mammalian vertebrate species add new neurons to existing brain circuits throughout life, a process thought to be essential for tissue maintenance, repair, and learning. How these new neurons migrate through the mature brain and which cues trigger their integration within a functioning circuit is not known. To address these questions, we used two-photon microscopy to image the addition of genetically labeled newly generated neurons into the brain of juvenile zebra finches. Time-lapse in vivo imaging revealed that the majority of migratory new neurons exhibited a multipolar morphology and moved in a nonlinear manner for hundreds of micrometers. Young neurons …
Genetic Labeling Of Neuronal Subsets Through Enhancer Trapping In Mice, Wolfgang Kelsch, Alberto Stolfi, Carlos Lois
Genetic Labeling Of Neuronal Subsets Through Enhancer Trapping In Mice, Wolfgang Kelsch, Alberto Stolfi, Carlos Lois
Carlos Lois
The ability to label, visualize, and manipulate subsets of neurons is critical for elucidating the structure and function of individual cell types in the brain. Enhancer trapping has proved extremely useful for the genetic manipulation of selective cell types in Drosophila. We have developed an enhancer trap strategy in mammals by generating transgenic mice with lentiviral vectors carrying single-copy enhancer-detector probes encoding either the marker gene lacZ or Cre recombinase. This transgenic strategy allowed us to genetically identify a wide variety of neuronal subpopulations in distinct brain regions. Enhancer detection by lentiviral transgenesis could thus provide a complementary method for …
Similarity Of Visual Selectivity Among Clonally Related Neurons In Visual Cortex, Gen Ohtsuki, Megumi Nishiyama, Takashi Yoshida, Tomonari Murakami, Mark Histed, Carlos Lois, Kenichi Ohki
Similarity Of Visual Selectivity Among Clonally Related Neurons In Visual Cortex, Gen Ohtsuki, Megumi Nishiyama, Takashi Yoshida, Tomonari Murakami, Mark Histed, Carlos Lois, Kenichi Ohki
Carlos Lois
Neurons in rodent visual cortex are organized in a salt-and-pepper fashion for orientation selectivity, but it is still unknown how this functional architecture develops. A recent study reported that the progeny of single cortical progenitor cells are preferentially connected in the postnatal cortex. If these neurons acquire similar selectivity through their connections, a salt-and-pepper organization may be generated, because neurons derived from different progenitors are intermingled in rodents. Here we investigated whether clonally related cells have similar preferred orientation by using a transgenic mouse, which labels all the progeny of single cortical progenitor cells. We found that preferred orientations of …
Increasing Heterogeneity In The Organization Of Synaptic Inputs Of Mature Olfactory Bulb Neurons Generated In Newborn Rats, Wolfgang Kelsch, Shuyin Sim, Carlos Lois
Increasing Heterogeneity In The Organization Of Synaptic Inputs Of Mature Olfactory Bulb Neurons Generated In Newborn Rats, Wolfgang Kelsch, Shuyin Sim, Carlos Lois
Carlos Lois
New neurons are added into the mammalian olfactory bulb throughout life, but it remains unknown whether the properties of new neurons generated in newborn animals differ from those added during adulthood. We compared the densities of glutamatergic synapses of granule cells (GCs) generated in newborn and adult rats over extended periods of time. We observed that, whereas adult-born GCs maintained stable cell-to-cell variability of synaptic densities soon after they integrated into the circuit, cell-to-cell variability of synaptic densities of neonatal-born GCs increased months after their integration. We also investigated whether the synaptic reorganization induced by sensory deprivation occurred differently in …
Coincident Generation Of Pyramidal Neurons And Protoplasmic Astrocytes In Neocortical Columns, Sanjay Magavi, Drew Friedmann, Garrett Banks, Alberto Stolfi, Carlos Lois
Coincident Generation Of Pyramidal Neurons And Protoplasmic Astrocytes In Neocortical Columns, Sanjay Magavi, Drew Friedmann, Garrett Banks, Alberto Stolfi, Carlos Lois
Carlos Lois
Astrocytes, one of the most common cell types in the brain, are essential for processes ranging from neural development through potassium homeostasis to synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, the developmental origins of astrocytes in the neocortex are still controversial. To investigate the patterns of astrocyte development in the neocortex we examined cortical development in a transgenic mouse in which a random, sparse subset of neural progenitors undergoes CRE/lox recombination, permanently labeling their progeny. We demonstrate that neural progenitors in neocortex generate discrete columnar structures that contain both projection neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes. Ninety-five percent of developmental cortical columns labeled in our system …