Life Sciences Commons^™

Persistency In Lolium X Festuca Hybrid Derivatives And Its Relationships With Flowering Traits, M Ghesquiere, C Mousset

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Using amphiploid and backcrossed derivatives of Italian ryegrass x tall fescue hybrids, the paper emphasizes the interest of introgression vs amphiploidization in breeding for specific traits such as persistency or seed production from tall fescue or ryegrass resp. Persistency in amphiploid and Lolium-introgressed progenies were assessed in nursery together with variation of flowering traits. Persistency was found lower, on average, in introgressed progenies than in hybrid progenies but with enlarged variability within progeny suggesting possible advantageous rearrangements of fescue chromosomes. Although significantly associated, persistency in both populations was only very little affected by the variations in flowering traits such …

Using Recurrent Phenotypical Selection To Improve Drought Tolerance Of Red Clover, M. Sahin, S. Reid, E. Sahin, S. Ates, S. Elias, David B. Hannaway

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Red clover is one of the most important forage legumes in the world. It is utilized extensively in European and North American farming systems. Approximately, 4 million hectares of red clover are grown globally each year for forage production, soil improvement, and as a pollen and nectar source for pollinators (Riday, 2010). In North America, red clover is widely used in temperate regions for pasture, hay, and silage in combination with grasses for soil improvement and as a pollen and nectar source for bumblebees (Bombus). In the northwest, it is also grown for seed production (Anderson et al., 2016) with …

Drought Tolerance Dissection And Molecular Breeding In Alfalfa, Luo Dong, Qiang Zhou, Xueming Dong, Wenxian Liu, Zhipeng Liu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Drought stress is one of the leading impediments that limit the productivity of global alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms for drought tolerance in alfalfa remain largely unclear. In order to fully reveal the transcriptional changes of alfalfa in response to abiotic stress, the alfalfa transcriptome database under mannitol (simulated drought stress), NaCl (simulated salt stress), or exogenous ABA application was built via various RNA-seq technologies. Through further screening of the transcriptome database, a number of genes significantly induced by drought stress, such as the Nuclear Transport Factor 2-like (MsNTF2L), Drought-Induced Unknown Protein 1 (MsDIUP1), …

The Effects Of Symbiotic Mycorrhizal Fungi On Drought Tolerance And Forage Production Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa), H. Panahpour

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form beneficial symbioses with the roots of many plants. This association allows them to maintain themselves and grow well under relatively harsh conditions (Sieverding, 1986). They also improve the ability of plants to withstand or have enhanced water acquisition capability. AMF symbioses assist to extend crop and forage plants into arid and semi arid zones. In this research effects of AMF symbiosis were studied on drought tolerance and forage production of lucerne (Medicago sativa).

Development And Evaluation Of Pennisetum Purpureum Mutants Through Irradiation With 60Co, R. S. Herrera, M. García, R. Tuero, A. M. Cruz, A. Romero, N. Fraga

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The development of plant mutants is a commonly used procedure nowadays. One way of obtaining mutant plants has been seed irradiation with gamma rays. As these studies are not common in tropical pasture species (Micke et al., 1993, Herrera, 2001), the objective of this study was the development and evaluation of Pennisetum purpureum mutants through irradiation with ⁶⁰Co.

Increased Cuticular Wax Accumulation And Enhanced Drought Tolerance In Transgenic Alfalfa By Overexpression Of A Transcription Factor Gene, Z. -Y. Wang, J. -Y. Zhang, C. Broeckling, E. Blancaflor, M. Sledge, L. Summer

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Plant cuticular waxes play an important role in protecting aerial organs from damage caused by multiple environmental stresses such as drought, cold, UV radiation, pathogen infection and insect attack. The identification of leaf wax genes involved in stress tolerance is expected to have great potential for crop improvement. Cuticular waxes are complex mixtures of very long chain fatty acids, alkanes, primary and/or secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, triterpenes, sterols and flavonoids. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis has contributed to the identification of the components and genes involved in wax deposition. However, no information is available on the effects of overexpression of …

Development Of Genetic Markers For Drought Tolerance In Festuca-Lolium Complexes, J. P. Wang, S. S. Bughrara

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Drought stress is one of the most complex environmental constraints on turf. It is a major factor limiting the growth of cool-season turf grasses in a wide range of climatic regions. As water conservation becomes increasingly limiting, the development of drought tolerant lines becomes important. However, the progress in breeding turfgrass for drought resistance has been very slow, primarily because of the genetic complexity of drought stress responses and lack of screening procedures for rapid selection of germplasm with superior drought tolerance. Marker assisted selection (MAS) provides breeders with valuable tools to develop newer germplasm with improved drought tolerance (Quarrie …

The Role Of Improved Forages In Solving The Water Scarcity Issue Of 4 Billion People, S. Douxchamps, A. Notenbaert, J. A. Cardoso, M. Romero, M. Peters

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Global animal production requires about 2422 Gm³ of water per year. Most of this volume is used by cattle, with 30% used in the beef sector and another 19% in the dairy sector. At the same time, four billion people suffer from severe water scarcity, raising the flag on diverting an important part of the water globally to livestock production. Livestock-water interactions have therefore gained a prominent profile and fuelled discussions on the water footprint of livestock. A series of studies on the most important components of the livestock water footprint have shown that globally more than 90% of …

Drought Tolerance Of Interspecific Hybrids Between Trifolium Repens And Trifolium Ambiguum, A. H. Marshall, M. T. Abberton, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, I. Rhodes, A. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Hybrids between the stolonifeous white clover (Trifolium repens L., 2n=4x=32) and rhizomatous Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M.Bieb, 2n=4x=32) have been produced. A backcross 2 (BC2) generation with white clover as the recurrent parent combines the growth habit of both parent species with the objective of increasing the persistency of large leaved T. repens varieties under grazing. T. ambiguum is more drought tolerant than T. repens. The drought tolerance of the hybrids in comparison with the parental species was compared in deep soil bins over a four week drought cycle. Soil moisture content, leaf relative water content …

Domesticating Australian Native Legumes For Pastures: A Case Study In Cullen, Richard G. Bennett, M. H. Ryan, T. D. Colmer, Daniel Real

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Response Of Activated Oxygen Metabolism To Water Stress In Different Drought‐Tolerant Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) At Seedling Stage, Ruihong Han, Hua Tian, Xinshi Lu

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Drought Tolerance In Tetraploid Alfalfa, Yuanhong Han, Ian M. Ray, Mary K. Sledge, Joseph H. Bouton, Maria J. Monteros

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Collecting And Characterizing Landrace Populations Of Trifolium Pratense In Uruguay, Rodrigo Zarza, Mónica Rebuffo, Rosario Alzugaray, Federico Condon, Esteban Casaretto, Omar Borsani, Jorge Monza

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Response Of Activated Oxygen Metabolism To Water Stress In Different Drought‐Tolerant Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) At Seedling Stage, Ruihong Han

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Evaluation On Mengnong Clover No.1--China's First Variety Of Caucasian Clover (Trifolium Ambiguum Bieb.), Mingjiu Wang, Ying Zhou, Lijun He, Fan Huang, Jingli He

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Many research reports about Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) could be retrieved. A breeding research for Caucasian clover was started since 1996 in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China. The goal was to breed new varieties with strong cold resistance and drought, salt tolerance, as well as quick regenerating capacity after use. By December 2012, China's first new variety of Caucasian clover - "Mengnong clover No.1" (Mc No.1) was successfully registered by Forage Variety Approval Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Through a comparison test with red clover (T. pratense ) and white clover (T. repens), …

Interspecific Hybridisation Between Trifolium Repens And T. Occidentale For The Improvement Of Drought Tolerance In White Clover, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Trifolium repens (white clover) is one of the most important forage legumes in temperate region of the world. Phylogenetically it is an allotetraploid between T. pallescens and T. occidentale (Williams et al., 2012). Stands of white clover, although a perennial, often decline significantly by drought stress (Van Den Bosch et al., 1993).

T. occidentale is a diploid (2n=2x=16) stoloniferous perennial clover that grows naturally in saline, dry habitats and as such may be a useful source of genes to improve the drought tolerance of white clover cultivars (Hussain and Williams, 2013). Although white clover has been …

Evaluation Of A Drought Tolerance Native Grass: Cleistogenes Songorica For The Turf Use Purpose, Xinyong Li, Xue Wei, Yanrong Wang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Water deficit is one of the most important factors to restrict growth of turf grass, especially in northwest China where water available for landscape irrigation is increasingly limited. Use of drought-tolerant turfgrass species or cultivars is one of the strategies used to reduce water utilization and irrigation requirement (Nielsen and Stewart 1990). Recent study showed that regionally adapted native grass species are worth investigating as suitable alternatives to the conventional turfgrasses in many applications (Mark et al. 2011), and several native grass species are suitable for low-maintenance turfgrass use has also been reported (Mintenko et al. 2002). Awnless …

Trifolium Occidentale: A Valuable Genetic Resource For White Clover Improvement, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Trifolium occidentale Coombe is a stoloniferous, diploid (2n=2x=16) perennial clover indigenous to Portugal, Spain, France, and the British Isles. It grows in relatively dry coastal habitats, in sand dunes and on shallow pocket of soil (Coombe 1961; Coombe and Morisset 1967). As the species grows naturally in saline, dry habitats, it is potentially a source of drought tolerance genes that could be used for the improvement of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars. Although T. occidentale is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Williams et al. 2012), the 2x forms of T. occidentale cross …

Salt Secretion Is Essential For Xero-Halophyte Reaumuria Soongorica Responding To Osmotic Stress, Ai-Ke Bao, Hang-Yu Zhou, Suomin Wang

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Reaumuria soongorica, a xero-halophyte semi-shrub belonging to Tamaricaceae with excellent adaptability to adverse arid and salinity environments of northwest China, serves important ecological roles in the improvement of saline-alkali soil and dune stabilisation, and also is an attractive fodder shrub in desert steppe (Ma et al. 2011). Previous studies demonstrated that secreting salt via salt glands is an important strategy for R. soongorica adapting to high salinity environments (Zhou et al. 2012). However, very little is known about the role of salt secretion in the plant’s responses to drought. Therefore, in the present work, R. soongorica seedlings …