Life Sciences Commons^™

Physical Properties Of Tar Sand Tailings That Influence Their Ability To Sustain Plant Growth, Timothy Cole

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The mining of bituminous sandstone rock for the purpose of extracting bitumen has created a need for reclamation. One such mine is located in northern Logan County. Their mining operation involves removing large sections of sandstone, which is impregnated with bitumen, and crushing it to sand-sized material. The sand-sized material is then mixed with organic solvents which extract the bitumen. Once separated, the bitumen is stored for future refinement and the spent sand is stockpiled for later disposal.

The spent sands or waste material are referred to as tar sand tailings. These tailings have particular properties which make reclamation efforts …

Communication Networks And The Adoption Of Three Farn Practices, P. W. Fry, F. K. Goss

All other publications

The report commences with a discussion of the diffusion and adoption model, and illustrates some of the research observations and practical outcomes that have emerged in recent years, An overview of social network research is presented as a means of understanding communication exchanges and providing data relevant to the diffusion debate. The communication and adoption studies are then reported in three separate sections in the order they were conducted. (A map of the location of the survey areas is shown in Figure I ) . The objectives, survey method, results and a summary are presented for each study.

A background …

Marketing Programs And Strategies, J. Kenneth Evans

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Hay has never been widely perceived as a cash crop, therefore, it has historically accounted for a very small part of the total cash sales by farmers. It has been estimated that more than 90% of all hay baled in the state is retained on the producing farms. Most of that which is sold is transported very short distances and of course if one farmer in a community has a good hay year, all do. Organized marketing efforts have been minimal in both scope and successes. In 1978, efforts were initiated toward a more organized system of marketing Kentucky hay. …

The Economics Of Stand Life In The Production Of Alfalfa, W. Donald Shurley

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is a crop which once established, can provide production of hay for several years thereafter. The productive years of the established crop are often referred to as the stand life. The life of an alfalfa stand is variable depending on many factors including variety grown, soil, weather conditions during the production period, insect and weed pressures, and of course the management skills of the producer in timely harvesting and other production jobs.

Alfalfa In Livestock Feeding Programs, Gary T. Lane

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

A magazine article entitled "Bidders Paid More For Quality at Wisconsin Hay Auction" caught my attention. Did they really pay more money for higher quality. I could not help but think of some hay sales which I have witnessed. One dollar per bale, large bales, small round bales, sixty dollars per ton, and $275 per ton are all some quotes I have heard recently in connection with hay purchases. Not much is said about quality. We may hear relative terms such as good, not much grass, cut early, not rained on or others but not much about nutrient content or …

Grazing Alfalfa, Charles T. Dougherty

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa (Medicaao sativa) is a native of an area south of the Black and Caspian seas and it still grows wild in Iran and eastern Anatolia. Alfalfa was the chosen forage for the fighting horses of ancient armies as long ago as 1800 B.C. when the Kassites conquered Babylon. The spread of alfalfa followed the pathway of armies through the Mediterranean, Europe, and the New World. For ages before man used alfalfa to fuel his fighting animals natural selection processes worked on the evolution of alfalfa and its predecessors. A scenario which would account for the morphology and …

Chemical Preservation Of Alfalfa Hay, Dan O. Riddell

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Kentucky farmers harvest about 3 million tons of hay annually. In order to minimize dry matter losses and quality deterioration, hay should be baled with about 20% moisture. Unfortunately, adequate time required to field-dry hay to 20% moisture is often not available due to weather conditions. This is especially true for the first cutting of alfalfa in the spring. Many farmers are forced to choose between letting cut hay get rained on or baling hay wetter than is recommended. Hay baled with more than 20-25% moisture generally becomes moldy and undergoes a heating process which makes part of the protein …

Biological Control Of Alfalfa Insect Pests, Chris M. Christensen

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is a succulent plant that obviously is good feed for large herbivores such as cattle and horses. Therefore, it should not be surprising that a large number of small herbivores such as insects also find this plant delicious. Fortunately, most of these insects are not major pests. However, we do have a couple pest insects that annually attack this valuable crop and often cause economic damage.

Controlling insect pests is expensive and time consuming. However, not controlling them can be disastrous to the profit margin of the alfalfa producer. Entomologists who work on the insect pests of alfalfa have …

Weed Control In Alfalfa — Present & Future, Charles H. Slack

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

To achieve maximum alfalfa production and maintain excellent stands and forage quality for a number of years, producers need to start including weed control in their management program. Unfortunately good stands are not being established because of early weed competition where herbicides are not used. Alfalfa stands tend to play out before achieving their maximum number of years of production unless maintenance herbicides are used. Fortunately there are now herbicides registered to meet most every phase of alfalfa production.

This paper will deal primarily with the herbicides that are currently labeled for use on alfalfa. Several herbicides that are not …

Fertilizing Alfalfa For Optimum Production, Lloyd W. Murdock

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is a high producing crop. Therefore, it only makes sense not to limit its production or longevity by establishing it on unsuitable soil and by the use of unsound fertility practices. It is the aim of this paper to propose practices which will not limit the production of alfalfa, but, also allow it to be done as efficiently as possible with only the necessary inputs.

No-Till Alfalfa — Research And Observations, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

In previous addresses to this Conference, I have suggested four basic goals be included in your alfalfa program: 1) attention to details prior to and during establishment such that you establish a thick, weed-free stand; necessary management to; 2) keep the stand productive for five years; 3) produce five tons per acre per year, and; 4) market your harvest product either as a cash crop or through your livestock program for profit. In the presentations to follow today, information will be presented which, if adapted to your program, will permit you to reach and surpass the above goals.

The topic …

Kentucky's Soils Potential For Alfalfa Production, Kenneth L. Wells

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

A description of Kentucky's land base indicates that of nearly 15 million acres suitable for cropland usage, approximately three-fourths has an erosion hazard potential of some degree, relating largely to steepness of slope (1). For this reason, there is a large potential acreage of alfalfa and other perennial forage crops relating to their sod forming growth habit which provides them an inherent value in erosion control.

Foreword [1985], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Influence Of Soil Acidity On Barley Production., P. J. Dolling, A. R. Little

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A soil survey of 38 sites in barley growing areas of Western Australia was carried out in 1984. It was found that 53% of topsoils surveyed had a pH less than 5.5, acid enough to suspect barley yields might be affected. In 1985 an extensive field trial proqramme was established at 9 sites. The sites were selected from the 1984 survey and they varied in their level of acidity from mild to severe. 85NA, 85NA2, 85NA5, 85NA4, 85NA3, 85KA3, 85KA4, 85KA5, 85KA6, 83N046,

Effect Of Pasture Spraying On Gall Development., V. Nieman

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Sprays with low rates of desiccant herbicide just after head emergence has been shown to control development of toxicity in the same year. The trial was conducted to compare the effect of herbicides with different modes of action on control of toxicity and seed set. 85KA65.

Disease Rating System., M Sweetingham

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupin hypocotyl rot trials, 85BA29, 85BA30, 85BA31, 85N054. Lupin root rot trials, 85WH31, 85WH32, 85WH52. Lupin root disease survey - Moora District. Common Root Rot studies, 82M26.

Weed Seed Ecology., A. H. Cheam

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Emergence of weed seedlings from different soil depths. 82MT49, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT4, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR12, Northam Research Station. 83NR2, Northam Research Station. 82C37, Chapman Research Station. 83C3, Chapman Research Station. Longevity of buried weed seeds. 82MT50, Mt Barker Research Station. 83MT5, Mt Barker Research Station. 82NR13, Northam Research Station. 83NR3, Northam Research Station. 82C38, Chapman Research Station. 83C4, Chapman Research Station. Emergence of weed seedlings in relation to soil type and cultivation. 82PE32, South Perth. Emergence and fate of weed seeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed compacted soil. 84C49, Chapman Research Station. 84MT62, Mt …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed In Western Australia, Afghan Thistle Ecology, Reproductive Biology Of Gorteria Personata., J. Dodd

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. The ecology of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Western Australia. Seed production and water use in the glasshouse, 84PE18. Seed production and water use by field-grown skeleton weed, 84BA17, 84BA18. Seedling root growth 85PE54 2. Afghan thistle (Solanum hoplpetalm) ecology Winter rosette survival 84N050. Regenerative ability of S. hoplopetalum, 85PE51. 3. Reproductive biology of Gorteria personata. Gorteria personata Floral biology Seed content of burrs

Doublegee- Seed Dormancy And Longevity, Lupins- Pre And Post Emergence Grass Control, Radish Control, Peas- Metribuzin Bladex, Pre And Post Emergence Grass Control And Post Emergence Weed Control., D. J. Gilbey, R. Klemm

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Doublegee seed longevity x depth. Effect of burial on longevity of doublegee achenes, 76C9, 76KA8. Lupins, Peas, pre-emergence grass control cynch, 85BA42, 85WH53, 85BA43, 85BA44, 85BA45, 85WH60, 85N078, 85N078, 85KA61, 85JE18, 85ME54, 85KA86, 85JE66, 85KA88, 85 KA 92, 85KA85, 85ME52, 85ME53, 85KA87, Weed control in peas - metribuzin - 84ME41

Capeweed, Radish, Wild Oats, Sarsaparilla, Four O'Clock, Saffron Thistle, Onion Weed, Carnation Weed, J. R. Peirce, B J. Raynor

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85WH59, Capeweed time of spraying. Demonstration, capeweed, oil additions. 85N080, radish, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N081, radish, nozzle angles x rates. 85N082, wild oats, nozzle angles x volumes. 85N083, wild oats, nozzle angles x Rates. 85ME1, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85N075, sarsaparilla, chemicals. 85TS26, 85ME48, 85ME104, 85GE29, saffron thistle, control with ear spraying in pasture. 85TS41, 85GE29a, saffron thistle, chemical control of seed set, 85TS27, saffron thistle, grazing trial. 85GE36, onion weed, chemicals in pasture. 85GE35, carnation weed, chemicals in pasture.

Efficiency Of Cinch On Brome Grass Control., J. E. Holmes., R L. Thomas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

85GE34, 85A11, 85A12,

Cereal Weed Control, Cereal Disease, Roundup Effects On Wheat & Barley, Noxious Weed Control., J. H. Moore, E. B. Hoskins, G. Dean

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Pre-seeding Grass Control, 85AL41. Sorrel control with Ally, 85AL39. Capeweed control pre-seeding, 85AL40. Effect of PP 450 on wheat diseases, 83AL36. Roundup effects on wheat and barley, 85AL64. History effects on wheat responses, 85AL42. Garlon 480 time of spraying on blackberry. Blackberry herbicide (high volume) demonstrations and observations. Blackberry herbicide (low volume) demo sites. Comparison of sprayers and spray volume for blackberry control. Blackberry herbicides screening. Krenite on blackberry, 76 AL 8. Methods of Krenite application for blackberry Control. Blackberry Wettability. Ropewick applied 2,4-D Amine for Arum Lily control. Arum lily herbicide screening. Herbicide screening for Arum lily control. Herbicide …

The Ecology Of Skeleton Weed (Chondrilla Juncea) In Western Australia, Demographic Aspects Of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanistrum) Populations In Lupin Crops And Identification Of Populations Of Mesquite (Prosopis Spp) From The West Pilbara Region., F. D. Panetta

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

To determine what forms of skeleton weed are present in Western Australia and to map their respective distribution. To determine, on the basis of climatic characteristics, the suitability of various areas within the Western Australian wheatbelt for infestation by skeleton weed. To determine the amounts, viability and dormancy status of seeds produced by field-grown plants during summer and autumn months. To determine the effectiveness of conventional tillage practices in limiting establishment of skeleton weed seedlings. To determine the regularity with which seedling establishment occurs under field conditions and how the probability of establishment is affected by the time of germination. …

Serradella Trial Programme., L. Cransberg

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 2 85A155, Serradella Line Evaluation - Stage 3 85A156, Serradella Establishment - Time of Seeding x Seeding Rate 85A157, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Variety x Rate) 85A158, Serradella Establishment - Pod Undersowing (Inoculation) 85A159.

Farm Systems Research Involving New Pasture Species., C. W. Thorn, C. K. Revell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The effect of grazing on Circle Valley medic production. Effect of rotations on M. polyrnorpha production and persistence and cereal crop yields, 84 KA 35, 85 LG 44, 84 KA 37 Effect of tillage x gypsum x nitrogen on continuous cereal production, 84 KA 28. Effect of gypsum x seeding rate on the seed yield of three pasture legumes. Pasture species tolerance to grass and broadleaf herbicides. Undersowing cereal crops with burr medic.

Phosphorus Nutrition., M. D. Bolland, M. J. Baker, C. H. Phillips

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials reported on: 85 NA 34, 85 NA 35, 85 NO 63, 85 BA 34, 85 BA 36, 85 BA 37, 76 WH 9, 84 E 31, 84 M 63, 84 NO 69, 77 MT 2, 78 BA 7, 65 A 1, 69 WH 15.

Long Term Rotation Trials, Lupins: Wheat Rotation., I. Rowland, W. Hawkins

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Long term rotation trials 66M29, 67C13, 67N4, 68E5, 65SG5, 73SG16, Lupins : wheat rotation 80TS3, 82TS2, 82M26.

Phosphorus Nutrition Of High Rainfall Pastures, Sulphur Nutrition Of Pastures And Sulphur - Low Rainfall., J S. Yeates, D. M. Deeley, M. F. Clarke, R. A. Deyl, G. T.B. Cockerton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Phosphorus nutrition of high rainfall pastures - Peel Harvey Estuarine System Study and related phosphorus work. (1) Sources, rates, time of application of phosphorous on high rainfall pastures. 81AL5, 81AL6, 82AL10, 82HA32, 83HA26, 83HA27. (2) P sources and rates on sandy soils of the high rainfall areas. 84AL33, 84AL34, 84HA18, 84HA25. (3) Maintenance rate of P on pastures on sandy soils. 84AL32, 84HA17, 84HA24, 84 HA28. Sulphur nutrition of pastures A. Sulphur - high rainfall (2684 EX/4054EX) (1) Sources, rates, time of application of sulphur to pastures. 80AL4, 80AL4B (2) S sources and rates on pastures on sandy soils of …

Soil Acidity In The Eastern Wheatbelt., W. Porter, S. Carr, P. Bourne

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Effect of profile acidity on nutrient and water use by wheat, 85M48. Effect of liming a wodjil soil prile on lupin production, 82ME10 and 82M5 . Lime banding in acid subsoils for wheat, 81M54. Liming topsoil. Rates of lime on wheat, 80M30. Residual value of lime (lupins 1985) 80M31. Survey Survey of extremely poor eastern wheatbelt yellow earth soils, 85ME92

Summary Of Rhizobium Experiments., J G. Howieson

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The screening of 33 isolates of R. meliloti collected in Sardinia in 1984, and isolated on a low pH medium, 84ME33. Assessment of the possibility of establishing an 'Index of Symbiotic Competence' for species of Medicago, 85M57. Assessment of the effectiveness of several strains of R. meliloti on M.littoralis, and their saprophytic competence in an acid soil, 84ME35. The screening of the pre-1984 collection of R.meliloti held at the W.A. Department of Agriculture for acid tolerance, 84M34. Assessment of the survival of the Serena WSM419 symbiosis on a range of soil types, 84ME32, 84WH24, 84N18. Assessment of the acid tolerance …