Life Sciences Commons^™

Integrating Livestock And Cropping Systems: Interseeding Cereal Rye Into Corn For Late Season Grazing, K. J. Soder

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Corn (Zea mays) grown for grain is harvested too late in the year in many temperate regions to establish a cover crop to provide winter ground cover and an opportunity for late season grazing. The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of interseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) into corn for use as grazed forage after corn grain harvest on corn grain yield and additional grazing day/ha. In a 4-year study, corn was planted (64,246 plants/ha) in spring on two, 4.8-ha fields in central Pennsylvania. Cereal rye was interseeded (135 kg/ha) into the corn …

Forage News [2022-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

No abstract provided.

Forage Management For Extending The Grazing Season, David W. Koch, C. M. Lux, J. W. Flake

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Studies were conducted to determine ways to extend grazing season with forages adequate to meet the needs of grazing animals and to reduce the cost of livestock production. Perennial grasses were swathed, windrowed and left in the field until they were winter-grazed with bred heifers. Corn (Zea mays L.) was stockpiled for winter grazing with lambs and ewes. Windrowed grasses increased in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared with stored hay, but crude protein content, heifer weight gain and body condition change was similar for both forages. An economic value of $218 ha^-1 from …

Alternative Cropping Systems With Self Reseeding Annual Legumes In A Mediterranean Environment, E. Campiglia, F. Caporali, R. Mancinelli

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Self-reseeding winter annual legumes (subclover and snail medic) have the potential to induce a significant shift towards a less energy-intensive and more environmentally friendly management in the modern and specialized cereal cropping systems. Nevertheless their use is practically unknown in mixed stands with winter cereals, where they can contribute to supply nitrogen and to reduce herbicides input. We conceived an alternative cropping system where an annual legume performs, respectively, as living mulch in a winter cereal (winter wheat), as a cover crop after reseeding and as dry mulch for the succeeding summer cereal (corn). Trials carried out at the Tuscia …

Forage Production From Perennial Vs. Annual Crop R~ On In Sandy Soils In Egypt, Z. Abdelhalim, O. Niemeläinen, I. A. Hanna, A. M. Rammah

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Forage production was studied on newly reclaimed sandy soil in Egypt trom perennial lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and two annual crop rotations. The cropping systems were: A) lucerne, B) berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) in the winter followed by pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br. Emend. Stantz.) in the summer and C) triticale (XX Triticosecale Wittm.) (forage cut + grain harvest) in the winter followed by maize (Zea mays L.) (grain + stover) in the summer. Mean annual dry matter yields (t ha^-1 ) were 20.65, 26.59 and 27.48 from A, B and C, respectively. However, …

Carry-Over Effect In Forage Rotations On Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soil In Egypt, Z. Abdelhalim, O. Niemeläinen, I. A. Hanna, A. M. Rammah

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

This study was carried out to investigate the carry-over effect of a preceding crop on the productivity of the following crop in various rotations in newly reclaimed lands in Egypt. The productivity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), maize (Zea mays L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in summer season were much higher following berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) or lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) than after wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in both years of the study. Soyabean was the best summer …

Supplementation Of Dairy Cows Under Alfalfa Grazing Conditions With Ground Corn, A. R. Castillo, L. A. Romero, O. R. Quaino, E. A. Comeron, M. C. Gaggiotti

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Two trials were carried out during the Autumn of 1991 and 1992 to investigate the effects of corn supplementation on lactational performance of dairy cows under alfalfa grazing. Forty two multiparous Holstein cows with 30-60 days in milk were used in a randomized continuous design with covariance analysis. The treatments were 0.0, 3.5 and 7.0 kg.day^-1 of corn grain supplementation (T1, T2 and T3 respectively) in 1991 and 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 kg.day^-1 (T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively) in 1992. Six cows per treatment were used divided in 3 cows per grazing paddock. Dry matter (DM) …

The Effect Of Feed Supplementation And Sward Characteristics On The Ingestive Behaviour Of Grazing Ewes, C. H. E. C. Poli, Marta G. Da Rocha, C. C. Pires, Luis H. E. Farinatti, D. Montagner, G. Bica

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of protein/energy supplementation and sward physical characteristics on grazing behaviour of lactating ewes grazing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The experiment was carried out in the spring of 1999 at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. The grazing behaviour was assessed in two periods: 2 and 3 September, and 8 and 9 October of 1999, using a group of twelve yearling ewes. Groups of four ewes were either supplemented (with 1% of the animals live weight) with soybean meal (protein source), with corn (energy source) or not supplemented. The …

Comparison Of Production And Cost Between Conventional And Organic Forage Crops, Jong-Duk Kim, C. H. Kwon, S. H. Chae, C. H. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Detecting Recent Crop Phenology Dynamics In Corn And Soybean Cropping Systems Of Kentucky, Yanjun Yang, Bo Tao, Liang Liang, Yawen Huang, Christopher J. Matocha, Chad D. Lee, Michael Sama, Bassil El Masri, Wei Ren

Geography Faculty Publications

Accurate phenological information is essential for monitoring crop development, predicting crop yield, and enhancing resilience to cope with climate change. This study employed a curve-change-based dynamic threshold approach on NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index) time series to detect the planting and harvesting dates for corn and soybean in Kentucky, a typical climatic transition zone, from 2000 to 2018. We compared satellite-based estimates with ground observations and performed trend analyses of crop phenological stages over the study period to analyze their relationships with climate change and crop yields. Our results showed that corn and soybean planting dates were delayed by 0.01 …

Evaluation Of Corn Agronomic Management Practices Following A Rye Cover Crop, Daniel John Quinn

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fall implementation of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop (RCC) prior to spring corn (Zea mays L.) planting is a management practice used to improve soil conservation, water quality, and limit herbicide dependence. However, corn growth and yield following a RCC is often reduced due to early-season nitrogen (N) stress and decreased plant emergence, which can limit RCC adoption. The objective(s) of this research were to evaluate corn agronomic management practices (e.g., N and seeding rate management, in-furrow (IF) starter use) following a RCC and determine which management practices can be used to limit corn stress following …

Clopyralid Uptake Of Contaminated Compost‐Fertilised Corn, Ryuichi Uegaki, Munehiro Ebato, Madoka Sutoh, Yimin Cai

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Field-Observed Angles Of Repose For Stored Grain In The United States, Rumela Bhadra, Mark E. Casada, Sidney A. Thompson, Josephine M. Boac, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Michael D. Montross, Aaron P. Turner, Samuel G. Mcneill

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Bulk grain angle of repose (AoR) is a key parameter for inventorying grain, predicting flow characteristics, and designing bins and grain handling systems. The AoR is defined for two cases, piling (dynamic) or emptying (static), and usually varies with grain type. The objective of this study was to measure piling angles of repose for corn, sorghum, barley, soybeans, oats, and hard red winter (HRW) wheat in steel and concrete bins in the United States. Angles were measured in 182 bins and 7 outdoor piles. The piling AoR for corn ranged from 15.7° to 30.2° (median of 20.4° and standard deviation …

Pack Factor Measurements For Corn In Grain Storage Bins, Rumela Bhadra, Aaron P. Turner, Mark E. Casada, Michael D. Montross, Sidney A. Thompson, Josephine M. Boac, Samuel G. Mcneill, Ronaldo G. Maghirang

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Shelled yellow corn is commonly stored in concrete or corrugated steel bins. Granular materials compact under their own weight, primarily due to particle rearrangement, leading to an increase in bulk density and a change in volume when stored. Reliable grain pack factors are needed to estimate storage capacities and to accurately monitor grain inventories. A science-based model (WPACKING) of pack factors is available that uses the differential form of Janssen's equation and takes into account the variation in density caused by pressure variation with height and moisture content of the grain and accounts for the effects of grain type, test …

Using An Active Optical Sensor To Improve Nitrogen Management In Corn Production, Donato Titolo

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Corn nitrogen (N) applications are still done on a field basis in Kentucky, according to previous crop, soil tillage management and soil drainage. Soil tests, as well as plant analysis for N, are not very useful in making N fertilizer rate recommendations for corn. Recommended rates assume that only 1/3 to 2/3 of applied N is recovered, variability largely due to the strong affect of weather on the release of soil N and fertilizer N fate. Many attempts have been made to apply N in a more precise and efficient way. Two experiments were conducted at Spindeltop, the University of …

Corn And Soybean Profitability 2010, Gregory S. Halich

Agricultural Economics Presentations

No abstract provided.

Forage News [2004-03], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• UK Forage Extension Website
• Alfalfa Award Winners
• Heart of America Grazing Conference
• Native Grasses
• Broomsedge in Pastures
• How Can Quality Analyses Be Different Between Labs?
• Extending the Grazing Season with Corn
• AFGC in Virginia
• Upcoming Events

Zinc Fertilizer Rates And Mehlich Iii Soil Test Levels For Corn, Lloyd W. Murdock, Paula L. Howe

Agronomy Notes

Zinc (Zn) is the micronutrient most often deficient for corn in Kentucky. This problem occurs every year but is more commonly seen in years with a cool, wet spring. Although the environment, soil type and past erosion each have an effect, the most important factors controlling plant available Zn are the soil pH, extractable soil phosphorus (P) and extractable soil Zn. While the amount of Zn in the plant increases as the available soil Zn increases, increasing levels of soil P and pH are strongly associated with reduced levels of Zn in the plant.

Comparison Of Weed Management Strategies With Roundup Ready® Corn, J. A. Ferrell, William W. Witt

Agronomy Notes

Corn weed management during the past several years in Kentucky has centered around two herbicide families, the chloroacetamides (Dual, Frontier, Harness, Micro-Tech, Surpass) and the s-triazines (AAtrex, Bladex, Princep). These products have been used widely because they offer acceptable, full season control of many common warm season annual weeds at a reasonable price. This combination has been so popular that several premixtures that contain these types of herbicides (Bicep II, Bullet, Guardsman, Harness Xtra, Surpass 100, FulTime) are used commonly used in Kentucky. The key to this efficacious and economic program is atrazine because it controls most annual broadleaf …

Common Pokeweed Management In Corn And Soybeans With A Conservation Tillage Cultivator And Herbicides, Jonathan D. Green, William W. Witt

Agronomy Notes

Common pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) is a warm-season perennial that grows well in nondisturbed areas such as fence rows and woodland borders. In recent years it has begun spreading to com and soybean fields where no-tillage practices are used. The deep taproot that is characteristic of common pokeweed, makes this weed difficult to manage, particularly in no-till plantings. The green leaves, fleshy stems, and purple berries of common pokeweed can inhibit the harvesting process and lead to discounts at the elevator for high moisture and stained seed.

The equipment industry has developed cultivators with large sweeps capable of operating …

Lime Source And Rate Effects On Corn Production On An Acid Soil, Kenneth L. Wells, James E. Dollarhide, V. W. Case

Agronomy Notes

Quality of lime available for use in neutralizing soil acidity can be quite variable in Kentucky. This sometimes raises questions of which locally available source is most effective. Information about the quality of individual lime sources is necessary to make such determinations.

Using Poultry Manure From Layers As A Supplemental Nitrogen Source For Corn, Lloyd W. Murdock, R. Darrell Simpson, Tim Gray

Agronomy Notes

The objectives of this study were to try to find an effective inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate to apply to a corn crop when poultry manure has been used on the field and to see if an N soil test at sidedress time could help predict the amount of N needed.

Hybrid Variation For Yield, Crude Protein, Feed Value And Percent Lysine Of Corn Grown In The 1991 Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test, C. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, Michael Collins, D. O. Liptrap

Agronomy Notes

These data are the results from the second year of protein analyses of corn hybrids grown at three locations in the Kentucky Hybrid Corn Performance Test. These analyses were supported. by a grant from the Kentucky Corn Growers Association.

Corn Response To Zinc On High Ph Soils, William O. Thom, James E. Dollarhide, Jeff Henderson, Vern Case

Agronomy Notes

Corn is the most responsive to zinc of all agronomic crops grown in Kentucky. Zinc deficiency can occur most often in soil of the Inner Bluegrass and in south central Kentucky. This deficiency is most likely when these soils have a high pH, although such factors as high phosphorus, low organic matter, and loss of topsoil through erosion or construction can increase deficiency symptoms. Also, zinc deficiency is more prevalent during a cool, wet spring with symptoms often disappearing when the soils become warmer and drier. Zinc is a very immobile element, thus roots must grow throughout the root zone …

Hybrid Variation For Yield, Crude Protein, And Feed Value Of Corn, Z. Hu, C. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, Michael Collins, D. O. Liptrap

Agronomy Notes

The value of corn as a feed grain depends on the yield per acre, the protein content of the grain, and for some livestock, the lysine level of the protein. Most farmers are aware of yield differences among hybrid corn varieties but may not realize that protein content can also vary significantly. Grain protein level should be accounted for to determine how much protein supplementation will be needed to balance an appropriate animal diet. However, since corn protein is deficient in the amino acid lysine, which is essential for non-ruminant animals, lysine content as well as crude protein content should …

Grass Control In Corn With Accent And Beacon, W. W. Witt, Charles H. Slack, James R. Martin, Jonathan D. Green, M. A. Thompson

Agronomy Notes

The traditional method for grass control in corn is based on using herbicides applied to soil and incorporated before planting or to the soil surface after planting. This approach has been successful in controlling crabgrass, fall panicum and foxtails, but johnsongrass and shattercane control was sometimes inadequate.

1990 Kentucky Winter Annual Legume Variety Test, L. M. Lauriault, Norman L. Taylor, Jimmy C. Henning, W. T. Edmonson

Agronomy Notes

Cover crops are often used in Kentucky following the harvest of row crops such as tobacco, corn, and soybeans. Living cover crops can prevent erosion, reduce leaching of nutrients, and supply grazing, green manure, or a plant cover in which to no-till the following spring.

Triazine Resistant Pigweeds In Kentucky Corn Fields, Jonathan D. Green, Michael Barett, Mike Radford

Agronomy Notes

Smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) control from atrazine and/or simazine (Princep) has been unsatisfactory in some Kentucky corn fields. Many of these fields have grown corn where one or both of these herbicides have been used continuously for several years. These two triazine herbicides, particularly atrazine, are used annually on over 90% of the corn grown in Kentucky. Other areas in the U.S. and around the world have reported. unsatisfactory control from atrazine where triazine resistant pigweed has developed.

Some Effects Of Shifting To Conservation Tillage Systems For Intensive Production Of Corn And Soybean, Kenneth L. Wells, H. C. Vaught, David Heisterburg

Agronomy Notes

About three-fourths of Kentucky's cropland base occurs on sloping land with some degree of erosion hazard. During the past decade, production of soybeans and corn increased rapidly in Kentucky, particularly on sloping land. This resulted in severe erosion on many farms, particularly in the "intensive grain producing counties. Much of this field erosion could be greatly reduced by developing a system for each field that would incorporate use of such agronomic practices as sod waterways, no-till planting, contour plowing, minimum tillage, strip cropping, double-cropping, winter cover crops, crop residue management and rotations. It is believed that the current acreage of …

Effect Of Tillage Tools On Improving Corn Yields From A Compacted Soil, Kenneth L. Wells, John H. Grove, Morris J. Bitzer, B. C. Milam

Agronomy Notes

An experiment was conducted on a 2-5% sloping Mercer silt loam soil on a farm in Bourbon/Harrison Counties where very poor corn was grown in 1984 because of soil compaction and drought. Soil test levels of the experimental area were: pH 4.8. and 99, 316, 2070. and 120 lbs/A of P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Examination of the field showed that the compacted zone occurred uniformly in the 0-5 inch surface layer of soil. Cause of this compacted layer was thought to be due to excessive disk tillage in prior years when preparing the field for tobacco production and …