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West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1987, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1987 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary for all west river counties involved in research, small grain variety trials, information on oilseed crops, feed grain crops, forage crops, management, tillage and cultural practices, and numerous weed control research projects.

Conservation Tillage And Irrigation Effects On Corn Root Development, R. L. Newell, Wallace Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of conservation-tillage practices on the root environment of corn (Zea mays L.) may differ with varying amounts of irrigation. Dryland, 50% irrigation, and 100% irrigation treatments were applied in combination with disc, no-tillage, and a postemergence chisel treatment designed to allow rapid infiltration of irrigation water. The study was conducted during the 1980 growing season at the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station near Mead, NE, on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls). Root samples were taken to 1.50 m in 0.15-m increments. Sampling was done at 60 (V8), 77 (V14), and 90 (R2) days …

Potential For Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning Of Livestock By Indiangrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid poisoning of livestock by sorghums [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] and sudangrasses [Sorghum sudanese (Piper) Stapf] is caused by the digestive liberation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from the cyanogenic compound, dhurrin [(S)-p-hydroxymandelonitrile ,β-D-glucopyranoside] found in tissue of these plants. Recent research documented that dhurrin is also present in indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] seed- lings. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of forage from established stands of indiangrass. Five cultivars representative of indiangrass germplasm of the Great Plains were sampled during the growing season for 2 years …

A Review Of Machinery For Cropping With Reduced Water Erosion, K J. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

Clonal Foraging In Perennial Wheatgrasses: A Strategy For Exploiting Patchy Soil Nutrients, L. D. Humphrey, D. A. Pyke

Aspen Bibliography

1 Foraging by means of plasticity in placement of tillers in response to low- and high- nutrient patches was examined in the rhizomatous wheatgrass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus. Its ability to exploit soil nutrient patches was compared to that of the closely related but caespitose E. lanceolatus ssp. wawawaiensis. 2 Clones of 14 genets of each taxon were planted in boxes consisting of two 30 x 30 cm cells: the 'origin cell' where clones were planted, and the adjacent 'destination cell', with each cell containing soil with either low or high levels of nutrients. 3 The rhizomatous taxon, which can …

Direct Seeding Trees On Farmland In The Western Australian Wheatbelt, J P. Piggott, P H. Brown, M M. Williams

Resource management technical reports

Field and nursery experiments were conducted to determine suitable species, weed control methods, sowing times and seeding techniques. Sowing time was the most significant variable evident in the field experiments. Trees sown in the winter months of June and July out-performed later sowing times. Early sowing of trees in areas of low seasonal rainfall appears to offer considerable advantages for successful establishment over late sowing.

The Esperance Rotation Trial, Effect Of Rotations On Crop Yields And Soil Fertility, I C. Rowland

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

This report sets out and summarises data from the Esperance rotation trial.This long-term trial, situated on the Esperance Downs Research Station, looks at various aspects of rotations based on subterranean clover pasture with cereals or sweet lupins as a crop. Data included are yields of the crops both grain and dry matter at anthesis or mid-pod fill also nitrogen content at these two times; pasture production and composition in Spring; clover seed production; weed counts in the crop; soil measurements of total soil nitrogen,organic carbon, mineral nitrogen, pH and extractable potassium are done at thestart of each season.The trial, on …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No. 3. September 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION TREND OF WESTERN MEADOWLARKS IN ILLINOIS ▪ R. D. Applegate and A. G. Willms

EFFECT OF DISRUPTIVE BACKGROUND ON PREDATION OF ARTIFICIAL NESTS BY AMERICAN CROWS ▪ L. G. Sugden

AVIAN HABITAT OCCUPANCY FOLLOWING FIRE IN A MONTANA SHRUB STEPPE ▪ C. E. Bock and J. H. Bock

ACTIVITY OF A WILD BLACK-FOOTED FERRET LITTER ▪ R. Paunovich and S. C. Forrest

EGG-DIAMETER DEVELOPMENT OF GIZZARD SHAD COLLECTED FROM A GREAT PLAINS RESERVOIR ▪ C. A. Cox and D. …

Initiation Of Terpenoid Synthesis In Osmophores Of Stanhopea Anfracta (Orchidaceae): A Cytochemical Study, Kenneth J. Curry

Faculty Publications

The terpenoid component of the osmophore fragrance in Stanhopea species is composed of isoprene units synthesized via the mevalonic acid pathway. Localization of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase in the pathway was achieved using a technique which elicits the formation of an electron- dense precipitate of uranyl ferrocyanide at the point where an acetyl group from acetyl CoA is transferred to acetoacetyl CoA, releasing free CoA-SH. Applying this technique to cells of the osmophore of S. anfracta resulted in a precipitate between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and, to a lesser extent, on the outer surface …

Bulletin No. 30: Native Shrubs For Landscaping, Sally L. Taylor, Glenn D. Dreyer, William A. Niering

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Osmophores Of Stanhopea (Orchidaeceae), William Louis Stern, Kenneth J. Curry, Alec M. Pridgeon

Faculty Publications

Species of the Neotropical orchid genus Stanhopea produce a fragrance comprising terpenoids and aromatics which attracts euglossine bee pollinators. The secretory tissue, called an osmo- phore, is located in the adaxial region of a sac formed near the proximal portion of the floral lip. This region is easily recognized in Stanhopea oculata and S. wardii because it is papillate. The osmophore in these two species includes all the cells of the papillae and those directly below, that grade into fundamental tissue. Osmophore cells are more densely cytoplasmic than cells in the adjacent tissue. Numerous amyloplasts and mitochondria are seen in …

Climate Of The Ord River Irrigation Area Western Australia, Implications For Crop Production, Rob J. Delane

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

Management should be aimed at early planting to take advantage of higher soil and air temperatures, promoting rapid canopy closure, high final dry matter production and earlier calendar maturity. This will aid in attaining high yields, good grain quality, and low risk of harvesting delays or crop damage due to rain. However, early dry season planting is hindered by late maturation of some wet season crops, and excessive weed growth and slow soil drying following the wet season. The development (or adaption) of improved crop rotations, improved land utilisation and reduced tillage techniques will likely bring forward dry season planting …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No.2. June 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WESTERN SNOWBERRY COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA ▪ D. R. Kirby and T. A. Ransom-Nelson

LIFE-FORMS AND GEOGRAPHIC AFFINITIES OF THE SOUTHEASTERN NORTH DAKOTA FLORA ▪ G. J. Seiler and W. T. Barker

THE EFFECT OF BURNING AND INSECT HERBIVORY ON SEED PRODUCTION OF TWO PRAIRIE FORBS ▪ M. A. Davis, K. M. Lemon, and A. M. Dybvig

CANVASBACK NESTING ON MAN-MADE ISLANDS IN MONTANA ▪ D. M. Prellwitz

CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1986 ▪ R. N. …

Dryland Maize Development And Yield Resulting From Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilization Practices, Wallace Wilhelm, James S. Schepers, M. L. Mielke, John W. Doran, James R. Ellis, Walter W. Stroup

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Conservation tillage ( 7 30% residue cover) has proven to be very effective in reducing runoff and erosion and in increasing soil water storage. In dryland cropping situations, the latter fact should result in a greater yield potential for conservation than for conventional tillage. In practice, however, this theoretical advantage has not consistently realized. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tillage and N-fertilization management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under dryland conditions in the western Corn Belt (U.S.A.). The experiment was conducted from 1977 through 1983 on a Crete-Butler silty …

Influence Of Prestress Environment On Annual Bluegrass Heat Tolerance, Dennis L. Martin, David J. Wehner

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) turf quality is reduced during periods of high temperature. To predict heat stress injury and develop improved prestress maintenance practices, an understanding of the seasonal variation in annual bluegrass heat tolerance and the influence of soil moisture on heat tolerance is crucial. Annual bluegrass growing in the field on a Drummer silty clay loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquolls) was sampled on 23 dates over two growing seasons and brought to a laboratory for exposure to high temperature. Prestress environmental conditions (air and soil temperature, soil matric potential, plant water potential, daylength, rainfall and …

Effects Of Planting Date On Development Of Net Blotch Epidemics In Winter Barley In Pennsylvania, Leslie M. Delserone, H. Cole Jr.

UNL Libraries: Faculty Publications

The influence of planting date on fall and spring net blotch epidemics (caused by Pyrenophora teres) was evaluated with the winter barley cultivar Pennrad. Experiments were conducted in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in 1982 and 1983 and in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1983. The three planting dates evaluated corresponded to the recommended date as well as dates I wk earlier and later than recommended for each specific location. Planting date had a significant influence on fall net blotch epidemics, with the greatest and least disease severities observed in the earliest and latest plantings, respectively. When spring environmental conditions were warm …

The Effect Of Three Tillage Systems On Bulk Density And Porosity Of A Pembroke And A Beasley Soil After Three Years, Kenneth L. Wells, John H. Grove

Agronomy Notes

Many grain producers in Kentucky use a 3 crop in 2 year rotation of corn followed by small grain-soybeans, and commonly no-till the soybeans and corn in order to intensively use sloping land for continuous grain production. Because of the intensity of machinery traffic in this system, growers are concerned that continuous no-till management may cause compaction, and that such fields may need occasional primary tillage. In order to obtain' information regarding things situation, we conducted a test for 3 years on the farm of' Philip Lyvers, in Marion County, Kentucky, in a field which was being used in a …

Evaluation Of Three Coverings For The Overwintering Of Container Grown Herbaceous Perennials In Kentucky, Richard Beckort

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate three coverings for overwintering twelve varieties of container grown herbaceous perennials under Kentucky conditions. The twelve perennial varieties were started from seed in the spring and had been moved to one gallon containers by fall. In the first week of December, three blocks of containers were covered with one of the following: one layer of 4 mil, milky copolymer; one layer of quarter inch microfoam and one layer of milky copolymer; a sandwich of two layers of milky copolymer with 6 inches of wheat straw between them; the remaining block was left …

1987 Update Of Agronomic Performance Of Tall Fescue Varieties, Paul B. Burrus Ii, Garry D. Lacefield, J. Kenneth Evans

Agronomy Notes

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, Schreb.) is a well adapted, widely used pasture species occupying approximately 5.5 million acres in Kentucky and 35 million acres in the south central United States.

Commercial tall fescue varieties have been developed from plant materials of either northern European or Mediterranean origin. Varieties developed at the University of Kentucky -- Kentucky 31, Kenmont, Kenwell, Kenhy, and Johnstone -- trace to plant materials of northern European origin. The Kentucky varieties have later maturity dates and have greater resistance to certain foliar diseases during summer than varieties that are of Mediterranean origin (i.e., Alta, Fawn, Goar, and …

The Identity Of The Genus Neowawraea (Euphorbiaceae), W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

On the basis of newly acquired morphological evidence gathered in the course of floristic studies, the monotypic genus Neowawraea Rock is now recognized as a species of Flueggea Willd. and is renamed F. neowawraea W. J. Hayden. Taxonomic documentation presented for F. neowawraea includes an expanded morphological description, a map showing its widely scattered distribution in the Hawaiian Islands to which the species is endemic, and discussions of type specimens, common names, and its extreme rarity. The combination of flowers in pedicellate axillary clusters, the lobed staminate disk, pistillode, extrorse anthers, hemitropous ovules, and, especially, the smoothish dry seeds with …

Identification Of Chromosomes That Condition Dhurrin Content In Sorghum Seedlings, H. J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, R. Morris, B. E. Johnson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Young plants of sorghum and sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) may be toxic to livestock because of the presence of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S}-mandelonitrile-β-Dglucoside), in the forage. In the present study a set of 11 chromosomal reciprocal translocations in 'Combine 7078' grain sorghum, involving each of the 10 chromosome pairs of sorghum in at least two of the translocations, was used to determine which chromosomes carried genes conditioning dhurrin content of sorghum seedlings. Each translocation stock was crossed and backcrossed once to a low-dhurrin line of sudangrass. Backcross progenies and parental plants were started in the …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 19, No. 1 March 1987

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ECOLOGY OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN UPLAND PONDEROSA PINE HABITAT IN SOUTHEASTERN MONTANA ▪ G. L. Dusek

PRECISION AND BIAS OF A SUMMER AERIAL TRANSECT CENSUS OF PRONGHORN ANTELOPE ▪ S. H. Allen and J. M. Samuelson

ACTIVITY PATTERNS, MOVEMENTS, AND HOME RANGES OF PRAIRIE MINK ▪ T. W. Arnold and E. K. Fritzell

BRYOPHYTES OF THE SOUTH UNIT OF THEODORE ROOSEVELT NATIONAL PARK, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ C. L. Blaney and D. H. Norris

FALL FOOD HABITS OF WILD TURKEYS IN SOUTH CENTRAL …

Effect Of Fertilizer Rates And Placement Practices On Yield Of Burley Tobacco, Kenneth L. Wells, G. D. Cantrill, J. L. Sims

Agronomy Notes

Management of fertilizer practices in production of burley tobacco is very important in control of manganese (Mn) toxicity of the crop. In addition to the use of agricultural limestone, the use of fertilizers in the appropriate amounts, the appropriate kinds, and in the appropriate manner can strongly influence acidity in the rooting zone during the growth of burley. Studies of these effects have made up a major thrust of the University of Kentucky's research programs on fertility of burley, and have largely been conducted by J.L. Sims and his students during the past 15 years.

Using Leaf Fluorescence For Evaluating Atrazine Tolerance Of Three Perennial Warm-Season Grasses, Caroline Bahler, Lowell E. Moser, Kenneth P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] blocks photosymthetic electron transport in susceptible plants. The energy from the interrupted electron transport is fluoresced from the leaves of atrazine-treated plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate leaf fluorescence as a nondestructive bioassay of the relative atrazine tolerance of 3 perennnial, warm-season grasses. Leaf section of switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.] (high tolerance), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] (intermediate tolerance), and sideoats grama [Boutelouacurtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] (lower tolerance) were placed in distilled water for 20 minute and then in atrazine solutions. Fluorescence readings were taken prior to and after the atrazine treatment with …