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Northeast Research Station Watertown, South Dakota Annual Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report for the Northeast Research Station in Watertown, South Dakota. This report is issued by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the South Dakota State University Plant Science Department. This report includes information on the 1991 crop season, including precipitation data, grain and crop research, breeding, and variety testing, soybean row space study, weed control studies and cost, crop performance test, 1991 crop yields system productivity from 1985-1991, plant nutrition, soil test and research, profitability comparisons for farming system trials, weed populations.

Viruses And Virus-Like Particles Of Eukaryotic Algae, James L. Van Etten, Leslie C. Lane, Russel H. Meints

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHLORELLA SPECIES
General Properties of Chlorella Species
Symbiotic Chlorella Species
Chlorella Strains NC64A, Nla, Pbi, and SAG-241-80
DISCOVERY OF CHLORELLA VIRUSES
Initial Observations
Development of a Culturable System for PBCV-1
PROPERTIES OF CHLORELLA VIRUSES
General Characteristics of PBCV-1
Composition of PBCV-1
PBCV-1 Genome
Serology of PBCV-1
Additional Chlorella Strain NC64A Viruses
Viruses Infecting Chlorella Strain Pbi
REPLICATION OF PBCV-1
Attachment of PBCV-1 to Chlorella Strain NC64A
Intracellular Site of PBCV-1 Replication
Effect of PBCV-1 Infection on Host DNA, RNA, and Protein Syntheses
TRANSCRIPTION OF PBCV-1
VIRUSES ENCODE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES AND DNA SITE-SPECIFIC (RESTRICTION) ENDONUCLEASES …

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This thirty-first annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn production and performance, soybean research and planting, soil testing, alfalfa yield test, fertilizer testing, herbicide research, crop rotation, sorghum, small grains, livestock research, and pest and weed control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report covers the West River Ag Experiment Station research in Stanley county including weather summery, small grain variety trials, and management, tillage and cultural practices.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report covers West River Ag Experiment Station research in Pennington county, including weather summery, small grain variety trials, grain crops variety trials, management, tillage and cultural practices, weed control research, and disease control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report covers the West River Ag Experiment Station research in Meade county, including weather summery, small grain variety trials, grain crops variety trials, oilseed crops variety testing, management, tillage and cultural practices, weed control research, and disease control.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report covers West River Ag Experiment Station research in Harding, Meade and Perkins counties, including weather summery, small grain variety trials, oilseed crops variety testing, and management, tillage and cultural practices.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1991, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1991 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report covers the West River Ag Experiment Station research in Bennett, Fall River, Jones, Lyman, and Stanley counties, including weather summaries, small grain variety trials, grain crops variety trials, oilseed crops variety testing, management, tillage and cultural practices, weed control research, and disease control.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 4. December 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS RESPONSE TO BURNING: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRE AND SOIL MOISTURE ▪ G. W. Blankespoor and B. S. Bich

FORAGE PRODUCTION AND USE ON BIGHORN SHEEP WINTER RANGE

FOLLOWING SPRING BURNING IN GRASSLAND AND PONDEROSA PINE HABITATS ▪ T. G. Easterly and K. J. Jenkins

SHORT-TERM MORTALITY OF SMALLMOUTH BASS CAUGHT DURING A LIVE-RELEASE TOURNAMENT AT LAKE OAHE, SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. J. Jackson and D. W. Willis

CRAYFISH IN SAND LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ▪ C. D. Dieter

PIPING PLOVERS NEST ON DRY …

Maize Hybrid Response To Tillage Under Irrigated And Dryland Conditions, Wallace Wilhelm, Mark Reed Hinze, C. O. Gardner

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The popularity of reduced-tillage cropping systems has emphasized the need to determine if maize (Zea mays L.) developed under conventional tillage systems (moldboard plow, disk, and harrow) is readily adaptable to conservation production systems (greater than 30% residue cover after planting). Past research has indicated that crops grown under conservation production systems are subjected to cooler and wetter soil conditions than crops grown with conventional tillage practices. Information is needed to determine if a significant interaction exists between tillage and hybrid in maize. Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 near Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A., on an Abruptic Argiaquoll and …

Describing And Quantifying Growth Stages Of Perennial Forage Grasses, K. J. Moore, Lowell E. Moser, Kenneth P. Vogel, Steven S. Waller, B. E. Johnson, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

A system for identifying and quantifying the stages of growth and development of perennial forage grasses was developed. The system consists of a universal set of morphological descriptors for forage and range grasses and a continuous numerical index. The life cycle of individual grass tillers is divided into five primary growth stages (i) germination, (ii) vegetative, (iii) elongation, (iv) reproductive, and (v) seed ripening. Substages corresponding to specific morphological events are defined within each primary stage. Each growth stage consists of a primary and secondary stage and has both a mnemonic code and numerical index associated with it. The codes …

Sweet Bay, Virginia Magnolia Magnolia Virginiana L., Gene Silberhorn

Reports

The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen identification.

Physiological Basis For Differential Sensitivities Of Plant Species To Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides, Timothy D. Sherman, José M. Becerril, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Mary V. Duke, Judy M. Jacobs, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Stephen O. Duke

Dartmouth Scholarship

With a leaf disc assay, 11 species were tested for effects of the herbicide acifluorfen on porphyrin accumulation in darkness and subsequent electrolyte leakage and photobleaching of chlorophyll after exposure to light. Protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) was the only porphyrin that was substantially increased by the herbicide in any of the species. However, there was a wide range in the amount of Proto IX accumulation caused by 0.1 millimolar acifluorfen between species. Within species, there was a reduced effect of the herbicide in older tissues. Therefore, direct quantitative comparisons between species are difficult. Nevertheless, when data from different species and …

Marsh Hibiscus, Rose Mallow, Swamp Cotton Hibiscus Moscheutos L., Gene Silberhorn

Reports

The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen identification.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 3. September 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR OF MOUNTAIN PLOVER CHICKS ▪ T A. Sordahl

USING AERIAL MARKING FOR ASSESSING POPULATION DYNAMICS OF LATE SUMMER ROOSTING RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS ▪ C. M. Linz, C. E. Knittle, J. L. Cummings, J. E. Davis, Jr. , D. L. Otis, and D. L. Bergman

DISPERSAL OF THE MEADOW JUMPING MOUSE IN NORTHERN KANSAS ▪ J. R. Choate, D. W. Moore, and J. K. Frey

DIET, HOME RANGE, MOVEMENTS, AND ACTIVITY PERIODS OF SWIFT FOX IN NEBRASKA ▪ T D. Hines and R. M. …

Review Of The Wild Oat Inflorescence And Seed: Anatomy, Development And Morphology, M. V. S. Raju, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Publications

This slim volume describes a detailed study of the reproductive parts of Avena fatua, the wild oat plant-a common weed in the northern plains and the probable ancestor of the cultivated oat. The book integrates the author's own work with information from available literature and includes lengthy technical descriptions of the structure and the growth of the inflorescence, the floret, the ovule, the pollen grain, the embryo, the seed, and the young seedling. Throughout the work, the author relates the wild oat's structure and development to other grasses, other monocotyledons, and other seed plants, offering evolutionary interpretations of many of …

Registration Of 'Trailblazer' Switchgrass, K. P. Vogel, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, B. A. Anderson, J. K. Ward

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

'Trailblazer' switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (Reg. no. CV-146, PI 549094) was developed by the USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Research Division, Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, and released in 1984 for use as a warm-season pasture grass in the Central Great Plains and adjacent midwestern states.

Timing Of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application For Cereals, M G. Mason

Division of Plant Research : Technical Report Series

Results are presented for 206 trials carried out between 1959 and 1990, investigating the effect of time of application of nitrogen fertilizers on cereal grain yields. This set of data is the basis of recommendations made for timing of nitrogen fertilizer application for cereals in Western Australia. Attention is drawn to the variability of results obtained in different seasons and situations and the time of leaching rains.

Proceedings International Sorghum And Millet Crsp Conference, Timothy Schilling, Gary Odvody, Gebisa Ejeta, Larry Claflin, Gary Peterson, Lloyd Rooney, Jerry Eastin, Joan Frederick

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

On behalf of the INTSORMIL Board of Directors, Principal Investigators and the Management Entity Office, it gives me great pleasure this moming to welcome you to this opening session of the 1991 INTSORMIL International SorghumIMlllet CRSP Conference.

INTSORMIL initiated the Biennial CRSP conference series in 1983. Attendance has grown with each meeting. Today we have 199 persons registered from 12 States in the U.S. and 27 different countries. There are representatives from three International Agricultural Research Centers (lCRISAT, IFPRI, and ICRISAT), four private seed companies and the U.S. National Grain Sorghum Producers Association (NGSPA).

I look around this audience and …

Seed Weight Influence On Seedling Hydrocyanic Acid Potential In Sorghum, J. F.S. Lamb, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, K. P. Vogel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) typically produces larger seeds than sudangrass [S. bicolor, formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf); and grain sorghum seedlings are higher in hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) than sudangrass seedlings. Previous studies have shown a seed-parent effect on seed weight and HCN-p in reciprocal F₁ hybrids of sorghum X sudangrass. This study was conducted to determine whether the seed-parent effect on HCN-p could be attributed primarily to the difference in seed size between reciprocal sorghum X sudangrass hybrids. Large and small seeds of low-HCN-p sudangrass, high-HCN-p sorghum, and their reciprocal hybrids, were visually …

Hybrid Variation For Yield, Crude Protein, And Feed Value Of Corn, Z. Hu, C. G. Poneleit, K. O. Evans, Michael Collins, D. O. Liptrap

Agronomy Notes

The value of corn as a feed grain depends on the yield per acre, the protein content of the grain, and for some livestock, the lysine level of the protein. Most farmers are aware of yield differences among hybrid corn varieties but may not realize that protein content can also vary significantly. Grain protein level should be accounted for to determine how much protein supplementation will be needed to balance an appropriate animal diet. However, since corn protein is deficient in the amino acid lysine, which is essential for non-ruminant animals, lysine content as well as crude protein content should …

Red Maple Acer Rubrum L., Gene Silberhorn

Reports

The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen identification.

Transformation, Somatic Embryogenesis And Whole Plant Regeneration Method For Glycine Species, Glenn B. Collins, David Hildebrand, Paul A. Lazzeri, Thomas R. Adams, Wayne A. Parrott, Lynn M. Hartweck

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

A method for somatic embryogenesis of soybean, (Glycine max), Glycine soja and other Glycine species is provided using immature cotyledon tissue, preferably with the embryonic axis removed, comprising culturing said tissue on a medium containing auxin, preferably NAA at a concentration of at least about 15 mg/l. A further method for such somatic embryogenesis is provided wherein the culture medium contains a synergistically acting lowered carbohydrate and auxin concentration. Particularly embryogenic cells of such tissue are identified and improved maceration methods for contacting such cells with regeneration and transformation media are disclosed.

Methods for transforming somatic tissue from …

Regulation Of Biotechnology, Henry I. Miller, Robert H. Burris, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Greg Simon (Letters, 3 May, p. 629) makes the case that only federal regulation of releases of agricultural products will address health and safety concerns. Such a view is hardly surprising, since he drafted the federal statute for the comprehensive regulation of field research with recombinant DNA-manipulated organisms. The basic assumptions of this statute were contrary to those contained in the reports of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (1) and the National Research Council (NRC) (2) and also to the existing policies of government research and regulatory agencies. The statute would have regulated only those organisms that were manipulated …

Relative Environmental Adaptation Of Bell Pepper Cultivars Across Three Southeastern States [Abstract], Laurie Hodges, Douglas C. Sanders, Katharine B. Perry

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Four commercially available bell pepper cultivars (Capsicum annum L.) were evaluated for yield stability over a combination of 3 years, 3 planting dates, and 7 locations across the Carolinas and Georgia.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 2. June 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Sea bloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

SMALLMOUTH BASS SIZE STRUCTURE AND CATCH RATES IN FIVE SOUTH DAKOTA LAKES AS DETERMINED FROM TWO SAMPLING GEARS ▪ C. L. Milewski and D. W. Willis

REPRODUCTION BY FISHES IN A HEADWATER STREAM FLOWING INTO GRAYROCKS RESERVOIR, WYOMING ▪ W. A. Hubert and D. T O’Shea

ENVENOMATION AND ACQUISITION OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION BY PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKES ▪ D. Chiszar, C. Hobika, H. M. Smith, and J. Vidaurri

MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE BY WILD TURKEY HENS WITH BROODS IN A GRASSLAND-WOODLAND MOSAIC IN THE NORTHERN …

Method Of Reducing Odor Associated With Hexanal Production In Plant Products, David Hildebrand, Thomas R. Kemp, Roger Andersen, John H. Loughrin

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

A method of reducing the formation of hexanal by plant parts comprises breaking the plant parts, adding thereto an agent comprising lipoxygenase 3 enzyme and allowing the plant parts to remain in contact with the enzyme under conditions effective to attain the desired effect. A method of producing a low odor plant part meal or flour comprises breaking up the plant parts, adding an agent with lipoxygenase 3 enzyme and allowing the plant parts to remain in contact with the enzyme under conditions effective to attain the desired effect. An improved composition comprises a hexanal producing plant part meal or …

Grass Control In Corn With Accent And Beacon, W. W. Witt, Charles H. Slack, James R. Martin, Jonathan D. Green, M. A. Thompson

Agronomy Notes

The traditional method for grass control in corn is based on using herbicides applied to soil and incorporated before planting or to the soil surface after planting. This approach has been successful in controlling crabgrass, fall panicum and foxtails, but johnsongrass and shattercane control was sometimes inadequate.

Final Environmental Impact Statement Vegetation Treatment On Blm Lands In Thirteen Western States, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Land Management

Plants

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI), proposes treatment of vegetation on public lands in 13 Western States. Some of the treatment methods have the potential for significant impacts on the environment. This final environmental impact statement (FEIS) analyzes potential impacts on the natural and human environment that may occur as a result of the proposed action and alternatives.

Pickerelweed Tuckahoe Pontederia Cordata L., Gene Silberhorn

Reports

The Wetland Flora Technical Report series provides concise information regarding the identification, growth habits, distribution, habitat, ecology and wetland indicator status for the title species. Illustrations are also included to aid in specimen identification.