Life Sciences Commons^™

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This fourteenth annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the nine county area of southeast South Dakota. Reports in this document include information on: temperatures and precipitation data, corn breeding and performance, soybean research and planting, crop rotation.

West River Agricultural Research And Extension Center Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 annual progress report of the West River Crops Soils Research and Extension Center, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report includes: a weather summary, small grain variety trials, sorghum forage trials, soybean variety trials, irrigated alfalfa trials, water management trials, crop disease control, as well as information on hard red wheat responses to Bacillus uniflagellatus, and field plot information.

Central Crops And Soils Research Station Highmore, South Dakota: Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 progress report for the Central Crops and Soils Research Station at Highmore, South Dakota State College. This document represents the research conducted at the Station during the 1974 crop season including: weather data, small grain variety testing, specialty crop testing, sorghum testing, crop production and management, crop disease control.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 6, Nos. 3 And 4. September-December 1974

The Prairie Naturalist

A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF KRAFT SLOUGH ▪ G. L. Krapu & H. F. Duebbert

CHRISTMAS BIRD·COUNTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA - 1974 ▪ R. N. Randall

USE OF SMALL FENCES TO PROTECT GROUND BIRD NESTS FROM MAMMALIAN PREDATORS ▪ A. B. Sargeant & A. D. Kruse

BOOK REVIEW: Finding Birds in Minnesota ▪ E. M. Welter

Bulletin No. 20: Tidal Marsh Invertebrates Of Connecticut, Nancy C. Olmstead, Paul E. Fell

Bulletins

36 pp. 1974. Descriptions and illustrations of over 40 species of mollusks, crustaceans, arachnids and insects found on our tidal marshes.

Results Of The Fourth International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery, J. E. Stroike, V. A. Johnson, J. W. Schmidt, P. J. Mattern, K. D. Wilhelmi

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The Fourth International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery was grown in 1972 at 44 sites in 27 countries. Data were reported from 40 sites. The 30 cultivars grown in the nursery included 15 new entries. Twenty-nine cultivars were winter wheats; one was a spring wheat. Data are reported on grain yield, test weight, plant maturity, plant height, lodging, shattering, winter survival, 1000 kernel weight, frost damage, plant diseases, grain protein and lysine content. Two-year mean data summaries also are reported. Supplemental nursery management information is reported for each nursery site.

1974 Preliminary Report Of Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials At Bowling Green And Lexington, Charles Tutt, Morris J. Bitzer, Verne C. Finkner

Agronomy Notes

Each year the small grain variety trials are conducted at Princeton, Murray, Bowling Green and Lexington. In 1974, the plots at Princeton and Murray were severely infected with a complex of diseases including Barley Yellow Dwarf, Septoria glume blotch, wheat scab and an unidentified disease in the wheat. As a result of the intensity of these diseases, the data obtained from these plots was very erratic and the results were not considered to be experimentally valid. The data obtained at Bowling Green and Lexington were quite valid and representative of the general situation in Kentucky.

Radial Distribution Of Corticular Photosynthate In Stems Of Bigtooth And Trembling Aspen, Robert K. Shepherd, Jr.

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Purification And Characterization Of Syringacin 4-A, A Bacteriocin From Pseudomonas Syringae 4-A, William L. Haag, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Syringacin 4-A, a bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas syrinagae 4-A, was obtained by induction with ultraviolet irradiation or mitomycin C. Approximately 1,000-fold purification of the bacteriocin was achieved by manganous chloride precipitation, differential centrifugation, and chromatography on hydroxyapatite columns. The purified syngacin was homogeneous on hydroxyapatite columns and sucrose density gradients; it also sedimented as a single entity in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The buoyant density of purified syringacin in cesium chloride was 1.294 g/ml. The sedimentation coefficient was calculated as 120S, and the diffusion coefficient was 6.49 x 10^-8 cm²/s. The molecular weight was calculated as …

Influence Of Molecular Weights Of Bacteriophage Φ6 Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acids On Interferon Induction, W.J. Kleinschmidt, James L. Van Etten, A. K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The interferon-inducing capabilities of the three molecular segments of bacteriophage φ6 double-stranded ribonucleic acid increased with increasing molecular weight.

Carbohydrate And Organic Nitrogen Concentrations Within Range Grass Parts At Maturity, L. J. Perry Jr., Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) levels were significantly different among eight range grasses at maturity. Roots, rhizomes, and stem bases (storage organs), differed significantly in percentage TNC within rhizomatous and bunch-type (non-rhizomatous) grasses. Percent organic nitrogen differed significantly among grasses and storage organs but not to the same extent as with TNC. We of nonstructural polysaccharide accumulated (Smith, 1968; suggest that TNC concentrations of storage organs must be determined for each grass before sampling for TNC levels, in Grasses of subtropical order to locate storage organs with greatest TNC concentration.

Ua77/1 Western Alumnus, Vol. 44, No. 1, Wku Alumni Association

WKU Archives Records

WKU alumni magazine. Features the following articles:

• Conway, Sheila. Western and the Bicentennial
• College Heights, Resplendent in Springtime
• Threlkeld, Claude. ABC's of Landscaping
• Clifford, John. Reverence for Life
• Stickles, Arndt. A Confederate Fort and Historical Marker on the Campus of WKU
• Cook, Paul. Western Governance: Board of Regents
• Given, Ed. Hilltoppers Capture Eighth All-Sports Championship
• Harrington, Drew. The Humanities Semester
• Warren, Linda. Challenge for Truth & Excellence
• Gray, Harry. Placing the Right Bets
• Downing, Dero. What a Man Chooses, He Is
• Dickey, Debbie. X,Y & Z in Search of a Degree - Liberal Arts Degree
• George Wedding Photographs
• An Evening …

Base Composition And Hybridization Studies Of The Three Double-Stranded Rna Segments Of Bacteriophage Φ6, James L. Van Etten, A. K. Vidaver, R. K. Koski, J. P. Burnett

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The three double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) segments of the bacteriophage φ6 were isolated and shown to have similar melting temperatures and base compositions. RNA: RNA hybridization experiments with the isolated segments eliminate the possibility that the two smaller dsRNA segments arise from a cleavage of the large dsRNA segment. The two smaller RNA segments reanneal rapidly even at low temperatures; in contrast, the large dsRNA reannealed only at higher temperatures. Evidence is also presented which suggests that the dsRNAs may contain a short single-stranded RNA tail.

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 6, No.2. June 1974

The Prairie Naturalist

WOOD DUCKS IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ H. A. Doty

AERIAL FEEDING BY RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS NEAR FULLER'S LAKE, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ W. C. Royall, Jr. & O. E. Bray

ARBOREAL WOODCHUCKS? ▪ K. T. Killingbeck

IMAGES, CHOICE, AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ▪ E. Smith

BREEDING STATUS OF THE LEAST BITTERN IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ C. L. Cink

NOTE: Maximum Sizes for Ambystomatid Salamanders ▪ D. W. Larson

James Valley Agricultural Research And Extension Center Annual Progress Report, 1974, Agricultural Experiment Station, Plant Science Department

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is the 1974 progress report for the James Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center. The reports in this document represent the research conducted at the Center during 1973. The report includes weather data, Corn and grain sorghum performance trials, information on plowing vs. disking for corn, sunflower variety trials, reclamation and improvement of solodized solonetz soils, irrigation water management practices for crop production, air pollution detection using plants, increasing water efficiency of smooth bromegrass through plant selection, seed production of Kentucky bluegrass, oat, barley, and grain performances, corn and soybean performance test, vegetable research, and the effects of fertilizers …

The Effect Of 2,4-D, Grazing Management And Nitrogen Fertilizer On Pasture Production, M. K. Mccarty, M. L. Cox, D. L. Linscott

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Many pastures in eastern Nebraska and surrounding areas have gradually decreased in productivity. Over a long period of heavy grazing, native warm-season grasses have been largely replaced with Kentucky bluegrass, other less desirable grasses, and broadleaf weeds. A program was started in 1949 to study the effectiveness of protection from grazing in changing the botanical composition and yield of a pasture where the predominant forage was Kentucky bluegrass. Several weed control treatments were included in this experiment to determine if mowing or spraying would hasten the return of more desirable forage. After weed control and differential grazing treatments had been …

Lysimetric Calibration Of The Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance Method For Evapotranspiration Estimation In The Central Great Plains, Blaine L. Blad, Norman J. Rosenberg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Most reports show good agreement between evapotranspiration (ET) rates estimated by Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance (BREB) method and rates measured with lysimeters, although underestimation by the BREB model has occasionally been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the BREB technique in the climatic conditions characteristic of the central Great Plains, a region where a significant proportion of the energy consumed by evapotranspiration is supplied from advected sensible heat.

Agreement between the BREB method and lysimetric measurements of ET is good during non-advective periods but during advective periods the BREB model underestimates ET by about 20%. Data collected …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 6, No.1. March 1974

The Prairie Naturalist

AVIAN MORTALITY FROM COLLISIONS WITH OVERHEAD WIRES IN NORTH DAKOTA ▪ G. L. Krapu

NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE OLIVE-BACKED POCKET MOUSE PEROGNATHUS FASCIATUS ON THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS ▪ J. E. Pefaur & R. S. Hoffman

NOTE: Swans Resting on the Surface of A Dry Lake ▪ D. S. Gilmer

Physiological And Morphological Correlation Of Rhizopus Stolonifer Spore Germination, James L. Van Etten, Lee Bulla Jr., Grant St. Julian

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sporangiospores of Rhizopus stolonifer were examined at various stages of germination by scanning electron and phase-contrast microscopy. These observations were correlated with changes in spore dry weight, spore volume, respiration, and syntheses of ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, and protein during germination.

A Mode Of Action Of Herbicides: Inhibition Of The Normal Process Of Nitrite Reduction, Lowell Klepper

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Herbicides were shown to interfere in the normal process of enzymatic nitrite reduction by the plant in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic plant tissues with little effect on nitrate reduction. This preferential inhibition caused nitrite to accumulate. The occurrence of free nitrite within the plant can help to explain the toxicity symptoms, nastic growth reactions, abnormal metabolism and rapid death due to herbicide action. This blockage of nitrite reduction was shown with all photosynthetic inhibitor herbicides tested and with numerous other herbicides. The effect was demonstrated using an in vivo assay, intact green plants and germinating seedlings. A basic in vivo method …

Development Of Prediction Relationships For Water Requirements With Irrigation Cooling, Billy J. Barfield, John N. Walker, F. A. Payne

KWRRI Research Reports

A model for predicting leaf temperatures during an off-on mist cycle is presented. The model uses a combination of energy budget and aerodynamic techniques. The model was tested for dry leaf temperature and evapotranspiration predictions using average hourly data from Arizona. The accuracy was good. It was also tested for dry leaf temperature predictions using two to three minute data with a widely varying net radiation. When reasonable values of stomatal resistance were used, the agreement was again good.

The model was tested for prediction of wet leaf temperature prediction with a ten minute on, fifty minute off mist irrigation …

Survival Mechanisms Of Phytopathogenic Bacteria, M. L. Schuster, D. P. Coyne

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Natural habitats usually do not provide bacteria the continuity of agricultural crops. With continuous culture. perpetuation of pathogen is no problem. Although agricul­ tural practices provide some discontinuity between crops. it is less than that in nature. Uniformity of crop germ plasm also favors inoculum buildup and perhaps perpetuation of the pathogens.

Developmental Changes In Spermatogenesis, Testicular Carnitine Acetyltransferase Activity And Serum Testosterone In The Ram, B. D. Schanbacher, W. R. Gomes, N. L. Vandemark

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Total of 73 crossbred rams was used to determine spermatogenic and steroidogenic changes in the testis of the growing animal. Testicular weight increased slowly until 80 days of age, then increased tenfold during the following 3 months. Spermatogenesis began in rams at 60 to 70 days of age and was qualitatively complete by 120 days. Although testicular levels of the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) increased in growing rams, CAT did not appear to be uniquely associated with any particular cell type. Therefore, this enzyme was judged to be unsatisfactory as a cell "marker" in studying spermatogenesis in this species. Serum …

Diurnal Rhythm In Serum Testosterone Levels And Thymidine Uptake By Testes In The Domestic Fowl, B. D. Schanbacher, W. R. Gomes, N. L. Vandemark

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Serum testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay at 3-hr. intervals in a total of 80 mature Dwarf Leghorn cocks, and incorporation of thymidine-³H in testes was measured by radioautography in an additional 24 birds. Serum testosterone was higher at night (P< 0.02), averaging 7.14 ± 0.55 ng/ml during light hours (0900-1800 hr.), and 9.42 ± 0.73 ng/ml (P < 0.02) during darkness (2100-0600 hr.). In a second experiment to determine the rate of incorporation of thymidine into testes, birds were inadvertently subject to continuous artificial light during the 24-hr. study period; uptake of thyrnidine-³H did not differ between day and nighttime periods, averaging 174 ± 5 and 177 ± 4 tritium-labeled cells per mm², respectively. These data suggest that, during the Ohio spring season, testosterone production is favored at night. Spermatogenic DNA production may not vary diurnally, but the unusual lighting scheme involved may have altered the …

Lupin Agronomy: Time Of Planting, Seeding Rate And Variety In A Long Season Area., M. W. Perry

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

To evaluate lupin varieties and agronomic practices in a long season district using a factorial experimental design. 74A16a Location - Warriup 57 km E. of .Albany. 74A16b Green Range, 70 km E. of Albany. Time of Planting (4) Seeding Rates (4) Varieties (4) Fertiliser.

Summary Of Experimental Work 1974, G Walton

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Lupinus albus cv WB2: Maximum yield response to 36 plants/m2 at Avondale (1973 and 1974) and Mt Barker Research Station in 1973 (achieved with 180 to 200 kg/ha seed rate), Maximum yield response to 48 plants/m2 at Chapman 1973 and 1974 and at Eradu 1974 (achieved with 220 tG 240 kg/ha). Very good yield results: Season - site Avondale 1973-3300, 1974-2250. kg/ha Chapman 1973-2800, 1974-2400. Mt Barker 1973-1900. 74A2 - Rates Of seeding for L, albus cv WB2. 74A21 - Rates of super on two lupin varieties. 74BR1 - Pasture regeneration after lupin survey. 74C4 - Rates of seeding L. …

Experiments To Measure The Reduction Of Soursob Density., J R. Peirce

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trials: 74WH; 74C19; 74E16

Soursob density. Rate of application of Diuron, Linuron and Tribunil.

Test various formulations of Diuron. Determine the effect of high rates of Diuron on a crop area.

Test various chemicals for control of Matricaria.

Determine whether Skeleton weed seed is capable of germinating.

Differences in the length of skeleton weed seed from different sites.

1974 Potassium Soil Test Calibration Trials 1. Soil Analysis, W. J. Cox

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Site details - 74AL1, 74AL2, 74DE1, 74DE2, 73DE3, 73DE4, 73DE5, 73DE6, 74MA1, 74MA2, 74MA3, 74BU1, 74BU2, 74BU3, 74BU4, 74BY1, 74BY2, 74BY3, 74HA1, 74HA2, 74HA3, 74AR1, 74AR2, 74M01, 74M02, 74M03, 74NA1, 74NA2. 1974 Soil analyses. I. % Gravel, bulk density and ph measurements. I (a) Moisture characteristics. II. Measures of Available potassium. III. CSBP results.

Summary Of 1974 Phosphorus And Sulphur Group, J W. Bowden, B. Scurr, R Lunt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Stocking x Super Rate - Merredin - 66M30. Twitcham - 62MB9. Kojonup - 68BR7. Maintenance P x S Trials - I. Residual Value - 66N07 and 66ME3. II. Wheatbelt Rate Trials - 67N011, 66LG1, 68LG1, 67NO5, 6NA3, 67GE2, 66M06 and 67M01. III. Wheatbelt Research Stations and Farmers- 65C5, 65A1, 65N5,69WH15 and 66N09. IV. Higher Rainfall Area Trials - 68B1, 68BU2, 68BR5,68AL3, 69E6, 69AL2 and 69AL3. Miscellaneous Trials - 74GE2, 74GE4, 74GE5,74JE3, 74LG4, 74M06, 74M07, 74TS3, 74NA3 74NA4, 74M07, 74TS4.

Pasture Deterioration - High Rainfall Areas, D J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

a. Pasture deterioration - High rainfall areas - A farm at Karridale (near Augusta) exhibiting "classic" pasture deterioration symptoms was closely monitored throughout 1974. This farm has paddocks ranging from relatively newly sown pastures with a high clover percentage, few weeds and high dry matter production (resown 1973 and 1974), through to extremely poor pastures with as little as 3 % clover and a weed component of over 80% (resown 1970 and 1971)... b. Midland B competition studies (69Mt19) -This grazing trial was sown in 1969 to plots of pure Midland B, pure Woogenellup and to three mixtures of the …