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Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (2003), M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (2003), M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) spray using variable application temperatures, pressures, and times was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surfaces of commercial frankfurters and Polish sausage. Frankfurters and Polish sausage were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (101M, 109, 108M, serotype 4c ATCC, and serotype 3 ATCC) and subjected to no treatment, CPC treatment, and CPC followed by water treatment. CPC (1%) was applied to the frankfurters and Polish sausage by spraying in a cabinet using all combinations of 77, 104, and 131°F spray temperatures; 20, 25, and 35 psi spray pressures; and …
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F (2003), E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F (2003), E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate and a combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate on natural aerobic microflora of ground beef stored at 39°F. For non-treated control and 1% buffered sodium citrate, total aerobic count gradually increased from 4.2 log colony forming units (CFU)/gram initially to 9.0 and 8.7 log CFU/gram, respectively, after 10 days. Both treatments reached the spoilage index number of 7.0 log CFU/gram after 5 days. A combination of 1% buffered sodium citrate and 0.1% sodium diacetate resulted in a total aerobic count of 5.9 log CFU/gram (below the spoilage index) after …
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fifty-four crossbred finishing steers were used to measure the effects of reducing supplemental protein (nitrogen) on feedlot performance and fecal shedding of acid-resistant Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. A control diet (15.0% crude protein; high protein) was compared to a low protein diet (8.9% crude protein; low protein) from which supplemental nitrogen sources (urea and soybean meal) were removed for the last 8 days of the feeding period. Fecal E. coli and coliform populations were measured prior to harvest. Removal of supplemental nitrogen from feedlot cattle diets did not substantially reduce populations of acid-resistant fecal E. coli and coliforms. …
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results (2003), C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results (2003), C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Significant changes in fed cattle marketing methods have occurred over time. This report summarizes a survey conducted to determine current and intended marketing practices of cattle feeders. Use of marketing agreements has increased over time. In 1996, 23% of cattle fed by survey respondents were sold under some type of marketing agreement. This increased to 52% in 2001 and was expected to increase to 65% by 2006. Use by cattle feeders of cash live and carcass weight pricing is expected to decline, and grid pricing is expected to increase substantially over time. The percentage of cattle that survey respondents marketed …
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Infraspinatus (top blade), gluteus medius (top sirloin), and psoas major (tenderloin) steaks were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses that had either a high (≥6.0) or normal (≤ 5.7) pH, and either slight or small marbling. The steaks were vacuum aged until either 7, 14, 21, or 35 days postmortem. The steaks were broiled and served to a highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel. Steaks with livery flavor were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses for flavor compounds. Steaks aged until 7 or 35 days postmortem were analyzed for the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content to determine lipid oxidation …
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks (2003), E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks (2003), E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with sodium diacetate against L. monoyctogenes on beef frank samples stored at 39°F. Initial inoculum level of L. monocytogenes was 1.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/cm2. After 6 weeks of incubation at 39°F, the pathogen reached 5.4 log CFU/cm2 in the control sample, but was 1.2 log CFU/cm2 and 0.85 log CFU/cm2 in samples treated with 1% buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with 0.1% sodium diacetate, respectively. Use of buffered sodium citrate and the combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate should improve safety …
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes (2003), A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes (2003), A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of a saturated steam-based post-process pasteurization system to reduce/ eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters was evaluated. Frankfurters were packaged individually or in a single layer format (4 per package, touching). Samples were surface treated with 2% lactic acid, 4% lactic acid, 2% buffered sodium citrate, or 2% buffered sodium lactate, vacuum packaged, and steam pasteurized to end-point surface temperatures of 160, 170 or 180°F using a Townsend Post-Process Pasteurization system (formerly Stork-RMS Protecon). Pasteurization of inoculated single layer franks to surface end point temperature targets of 160, 170, and 180°F resulted in L. monocytogenes reductions (P0.05) were noted …
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting (2003), S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting (2003), S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Livestock price reporting mandated by the USDA was designed to increase available price data with the intent of providing producers with information to facilitate price discovery. Has the program been effective at accomplishing this goal? This study determined how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting effectiveness. This study reports results from a survey of cattle feeding companies located primarily in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Iowa. Results indicate a diversity of opinions regarding the effectiveness of mandatory price reporting. On average, producers are neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of mandatory price reporting. …
Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle (2003), D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle (2003), D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Field data from the North American Limousin Federation was used to determine the heritability and genetic correlations of body condition score (BCS) with carcass traits. Carcass traits included carcass weight, ribeye area, fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and % kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, and all were estimated to be lowly to moderately heritable (0.14 to 0.34). Heritability of BCS was 0.19. Favorable correlations existed between ribeye area and carcass weight (0.50), ribeye area and BCS (0.60), and carcass weight and BCS (0.28). Unfavorable correlations existed among ribeye area and intramuscular fat (-0.40), carcass weight and intramuscular fat (-0.23), and intramuscular …
Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi
Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A retrospective analysis of 6,231 head of stocker and feeder cattle comprising 24 separate lots was conducted to evaluate the extent and degree of improper dosing that would have occurred in individual animals if all animals in each lot were treated with a single dosage level of a pharmaceutical product based upon the average weight of the lot. Nine hundred forty-six head would have been overdosed by 10% or more, while 831 head would have been underdosed by 10% or more. Four hundred thirty-eight head would have been overdosed by 15% or more, while 366 head would have been underdosed …
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service (2003), Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service (2003), Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding system costs were estimated for natural service and various estrous synchronization plus artificial insemination (AI) systems. Cost per pregnancy was lower for natural service than AI; however, for the large herd size the difference was small for some synchronization systems examined. When the value of an AI-sired calf at weaning was included as $25 greater than a natural service sired calf, several synchronization systems had lower breakeven prices than natural service. Assuming skilled labor could be obtained, systems that involved more heat detection time were more profitable than strict timed insemination systems. Producers that can obtain greater returns from …
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 160 steers grazed "˜Red River' crabgrass pastures that were either fertilized with additional nitrogen (N) or interseeded with lespedeza during the summers of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Wheat was also grazed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to crabgrass emergence. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Available forage dry matter and grazing steer performance were similar between pastures of crabgrass fertilized with additional N and those interseeded with lespedeza in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In 1999, finishing feed intake, finishing gain and ribeye area were higher (P0.05) …
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time (2003), C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time (2003), C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steaks from 12 loins were used to determine the best time and temperature combinations for blooming (development of a bright-red color) of the longissimus muscle at 2, 14, and 26 days postmortem. The lowest temperature (28°F) provided the fastest rate of bloom when the muscle was 2 days postmortem, and 30 minutes were needed to achieve 75% of final bloom color. For meat 14 days old, greater bloom occurred at 35 and 40°F than at 28°F. For meat 26 days old, rate of bloom was equal at all three temperatures. Thus, packers should bloom carcasses one-half hour at 28°F before …
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn (2003), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Processing Variables On Characteristics Of Steam-Flaked Corn (2003), J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, E.R. Loe, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated tempering moisture concentration, addition of a surfactant to improve moisture uptake, steam conditioning time, and flake density to determine their impact on characteristics of steam-flaked corn. Increasing steam conditioning time from 20 to 40 minutes or adding a surfactant during tempering did not increase final flake moisture concentration, but moisture content of flaked corn was linearly increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration. Addition of Grain Prep® surfactant during tempering decreased (P<0.05) the amount of moisture lost during flaking. Flake durability was increased by increasing tempering moisture concentration, but only if corn was steamed for 40 minutes (tempering moisture x steam time interaction; P<0.10). Decreasing flake density linearly increased both starch availability (P<0.01) and flake durability (P<0.05). In this experiment, tempering moisture concentration had the largest impact on flake moisture content, and flake density was the most influential variable altering flake durability and starch availability.
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Mga In Receiving Diets On Health, Performance, And Carcass Characteristics (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 723 crossbred heifers (468 lb initially) to evaluate the effects of including melengestrol acetate (MGA) in receiving diets on growth performance, morbidity, mortality, and carcass characteristics. Treatments were: 1) MGA included in the receiving diet at a rate of 0.5 mg per heifer daily or 2) no MGA in the receiving diet. Diets were fed once daily and contained 42% steam-flaked corn, 45% alfalfa hay, 6% steep liquor, and 2% tallow; monensin and tylosin were included. Receiving diets were fed for 35 days. After 35 days MGA was fed to all heifers, and cattle were …
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers (2003), K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers (2003), K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fermentation of dietary protein in the rumen leads to ammonia absorption, which could impair amino acid utilization in cattle. Our study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen ammonia load on histidine utilization. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (318 lb) housed in metabolism crates were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 3 x 2 factorial and included: 0, 1.5, or 3 grams/day L-histidine infused abomasally; and 0 or 80 grams/day urea infused ruminally to supply a metabolic ammonia load. As expected, urea infusions increased rumen ammonia and plasma urea concentrations. No …
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study evaluated the effect on forage utilization of providing a limited quantity of a high-protein (40% crude protein) supplement to beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairie during the fall. Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fall supplementation or no fall supplementation), which were evaluated for their effect on forage intake and digestion during September and November. Within each treatment, four steers were used for measuring diet selection (by ruminal evacuation) and four were used for determining diet digestion (by total fecal collection). Data from both groups were used to calculate forage intake. Steers …
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers (2003), M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 588 finishing beef heifers (705 lb initially) to compare tallow and dried full-fat corn germ as supplemental energy sources. Pens of 20 to 50 heifers were fed finishing diets containing 1) tallow or 2) corn germ. The tallow diet contained (dry basis) 46% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, 1.5% soybean meal, and 4% tallow. The corn germ diet contained 41% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, and 10% corn germ. Diets provided 300 mg monensin, 90 mg tylosin, and 0.5 mg MGA per heifer daily and …
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation (2003), E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation (2003), E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds present at part per billion levels in fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued and smoked meats. Most of these compounds are highly mutagenic, as demonstrated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium. They also are carcinogenic in rodents and non-human primates following high dosage and long term oral administration. For decades, researchers have focused on inhibiting the production of these carcinogens. This research investigates the effects of natural antioxidants in spices or other ingredients on the reduction of heterocyclic amines formation when beef patties are cooked. The term "spice" in this paper includes herbs. Ground beef patties …
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We pooled the mechanical probe data from two experiments to develop regression equations to predict beef longissimus tenderness. Fifty-three USDA Select strip loins were evaluated at 2 days postmortem with three mechanical probes to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of cooked steaks aged 14 days. The sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probes were correlated to TSP tenderness (r=-0.51, -0.45, and -0.35, respectively)and WBSF (r=0.56, 0.53, and 0.36, respectively). Regression equations developed from sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probe measurements and L* (lightness) values accounted for 49, 50, and 47% of …
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …
Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment determined the impact of type of supplemental carbohydrate and amount of supplemental ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on intake and digestion of prairie hay. Fourteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were supplemented with one of two carbohydrates (corn starch or the simple sugar glucose) at 0.30% of body weight and one of seven levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, or 0.195% of body weight). Two additional steers served as controls (non-supplemented steers, i.e., no carbohydrate or RDP supplementation). Forage intake and digestion were substantially improved by increasing amounts of supplemental RDP. Supplemental carbohydrate with …
Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers (2003), J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers (2003), J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Finishing heifers were fed diets containing either conventional (18% moisture) or high-moisture (36% moisture) steam-flaked corn. Increasing moisture concentration in flakes increased starch availability (P<0.01), but feeding heifers high-moisture flakes decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake and average daily gain compared to heifers fed conventional flakes. Feeding heifers high-moisture flakes also numerically reduced hot carcass weight and ribeye area, but caused (P<0.01) heifers to deposit more fat over their 12th rib. Extreme levels of moisture in flaked corn improve starch availability but do not appear to increase heifer performance or carcass value. The interaction between moisture and flake density needs further evaluation.
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixteen crossbred steers weighing 875 lb were used to evaluate the effects of a 5% ground flaxseed supplement and a combined trenbolone acetate/estradiol (TBA/E2) growth promoting implant, Revalor-S®, on both circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and local muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentrations. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: . 1) Flax/Implant, 2) No Flax/ Implant, 3) Flax/No Implant, 4) No Flax/No Implant. Serum was harvested from blood collected via jugular venipuncture on day 0 (before implantation or flax addition), 14, and 28. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the longissimus muscle on days 0, 14, and 28. Implanted …
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring (2003), E.G. Towne
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring (2003), E.G. Towne
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Aboveground biomass production was measured on upland and lowland prairie in replicated, ungrazed watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS) that were burned annually for seven years in either autumn (November), winter (February), or spring (April). Average grass and forb biomass did not significantly differ among burn seasons on either topographic site, although production fluctuated considerably over years. Results of this study contrast with many of the conventional views of how tallgrass prairie vegetation responds to seasonal fire.