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Other Animal Sciences

1977

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Recent Developments In Feed Transportation To New England, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp Dec 1977

Recent Developments In Feed Transportation To New England, Stanley K. Seaver, William J. Hanekamp

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.


Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii Aug 1977

Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii

Dissertations and Theses

Populations of diurnal tree squirrels in the Portland area were located by mail surveys, personal interviews, and field inspections. Pine squirrels were found to reside in thickly wooded residential areas with dense understories and running water nearby. Western gray squirrels occupied habitats in relatively quiet residential neighborhoods, in areas well supplied with mast crops. Western fox squirrels were found to coexist with gray squirrels in their preferred habitat, and also to thrive in park settings with few mast trees and high activity and noise levels. In areas occupied by both fox and gray squirrels, dominant-subordinate relationships were noted. Each species …


A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier May 1977

A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Observations or a small group of pikas, (Ochotona princeps) occupying a southwest facing roadfill on Mt. Hood, Oregon (1518 m) were made during the fall or 1976. Territorial sizes of 305.5 m2 and 121 m2 were determined based on territorial displays. These territories were compared with those observed in other studies. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor was 15.1 m. A pair relationship between two of the pikas and a dominance order are discussed. The seasonal progression of the haypiles and the reactions of the pikas to other animals are also noted.


Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston May 1977

Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston

Dissertations and Theses

A group of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) was acclimated to 18-20˚C and artificial photo-period for 21 days. The animals were then individually placed in a thermal gradient and their selected temperatures were continuously recorded for 24 hours. A second group of turtles was acclimatized to 7.5-11.0˚C and natural photoperiods for 28 days, and subsequently tested in the same manner as the first group. Lastly, the turtles in the first group, after being acclimated to 3.0˚C and the previous artificial photoperiod for 14 days, were retested in the gradient.


The Intestinal Platyhelminths Of Southwestern And Central West Virginia Amphibia And Relationships Between The Degree Of Infestation And Habitat Of Amphibians And Sex Of Host, Stanley B. Mills Jan 1977

The Intestinal Platyhelminths Of Southwestern And Central West Virginia Amphibia And Relationships Between The Degree Of Infestation And Habitat Of Amphibians And Sex Of Host, Stanley B. Mills

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In April and May, 1977, 397 (14 species) amphibians were collected from southwestern and central West Virginia and examined for parasites. Five species of trematodes and two species of cestodes were found from 93 hosts. The total of 397 amphibians was subdivided, for convenience, into six categories of amphibians; aquatic male and female, terrestro-aquatic male and female, and terrestrial male and female. Nine of 24 (37.5%). female aquatic amphibians was the highest incidence found, while terrestro-aquatic females contained the highest mean number (6.0) worms per incidence, and parasite loads of host. Hosts, each platyhelminth specimen are given.


Social Communication In Canids: Evidence For The Evolution Of A Stereotyped Mammalian Display, Marc Bekoff Jan 1977

Social Communication In Canids: Evidence For The Evolution Of A Stereotyped Mammalian Display, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

The variability in the duration and form of the canid play bow was studied in infant coyotes, wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, beagles, and adult free-ranging dogs. Both duration and form showed marked stereotypy. It appears that the role of this context-specific social signal in the communication of play intention has been fostered by selection for "morphological" stereotypy.


Economics Of Farm Water Supplies, P P. Eckersley Jan 1977

Economics Of Farm Water Supplies, P P. Eckersley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The economics of farm water supplies can be studied in two ways. One is to compare the costs of alternative ways of supplying a specified quantity of water to a farm. Another is to calcu;ate how mucha farmer can afford or will pay for a water supply.

I propose to look at these questions from the point of vieew of an eastern wheatbelt farmer, assuming that he must pay the full costs of any water supply provided for his property.


Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines Jan 1977

Feeding Barrows And Gilts Three Protein Sequences To Heavier Market Weight, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight Yorkshire barrows and 48 Yorkshire gilts were fed separately three protein sequences to a finish weight of 250 to 260 lbs. Barrows gained faster and were more efficient on protein sequence B (16% protein diet from 100 to 135 lbs.; then 14% diet to finish weight) and C (same as B except that barrows were switched at 210 lbs. to a 12% diet to final weight) than on A (16% protein diet from 100 lbs. to final weight). Gilts gained fastest and were most efficient when fed sequence A. Both barrows and gilts gained slower after attaining the weight …


Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith Jan 1977

Forage Intake As One Estimate Of The Nutritive Value Of Flint Hills Rangeland Forage, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forage intake was used as an estimate of the nutritive value of Flint Hills pastures. The organic matter intake (OMI) ranged from 16.3 lb. to 22.05 lb. (7.40 to 10.0 kg) between June-August, 1976, and there was no clear difference between the burned and nonburned pastures. Intake seems to fluctuate with maturity of grass, digestibility, and as grazing season progresses. More data are still needed for computing the nutritive value of Flint Hill pastures.


Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1977

Sire Breed Effects On Economic Efficiency Of A Terminal-Cross Beef Production System, G.M. Smith, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This article was abstracted from a manuscript by Gerald H. Smith, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska which appeared in the December, 1976, issue of the Journal of Animal Science. The carcass and meats research data for the study were coordinated by Dr. Michael E. Dikeman, Kansas State University, so permission was granted to present results of that study here. Performance and carcass characteristics of the cattle were presented in the 1975 Cattlemen's Day Report.


Early Weaning And Creep Feeding Calves In Drylot, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, G. Fink, K. Conway Jan 1977

Early Weaning And Creep Feeding Calves In Drylot, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, G. Fink, K. Conway

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Performances of 125 commercial Hereford-cross and percentage Simmental calves were evaluated by comparing early weaning at 50 days of age (+25), nursing calves receiving a creep in drylot, and calves nursing in drylot without creep. Both a starter and growing creep were tested. Early weaned calves gained more (261 lbs., 299 lbs.) than either creep fed (251 lbs., 277 lbs.) or noncreep fed (107 lbs., 125 lbs.) calves during the 107-day trial. The best combined energy efficiency of dam and calf was for the early weaned group, and dams of early weaned calves began cycling sooner in the breeding season.


Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth Promoting Implants On The Gains Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles Jan 1977

Effect Of Using One Versus Two Growth Promoting Implants On The Gains Of Nursing Calves, L.R. Corah, M. Mckee, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty-seven suckling calves were allotted to one of three treatments: (1) Control group - not implanted (2) Implanted (Ralgro) once during sucking period (3) Implanted (Ralgro) twice during sucking period - at average age of 44 days and 70 days later Using one Ralgro implant improved the weight at weaning by 8.4 pounds, while re-implanting, thus utilizing two implants during the suckling phase, resulted in an extra 43.0 pounds.


Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith Jan 1977

Selecting For Feed Conversion, R.R. Schalles, J.K. Blum, W.H. Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Selecting animals for decreased feed per unit of gain has made small changes in feed conversion over a four-year period. Adjusting for maintenance requirements by using mid weight to 0.75 power was not entirely satisfactory as that ignores differences in growth patterns. Favorable genetic relationships were found between feed conversion and most other economically important traits, especially yearling growth traits.


Results Of Kansas Demonstrations On Implanting Suckling Calves And Yearlings, L. Corah, F. Schwartz, F. Brazle, T. Orwig, G. Francis Jan 1977

Results Of Kansas Demonstrations On Implanting Suckling Calves And Yearlings, L. Corah, F. Schwartz, F. Brazle, T. Orwig, G. Francis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To encourage greater use of implants in beef cattle industry in Kansas, 62 implant demonstrations were conducted in 31 different counties in Kansas. 1,402 implanted suckling calves gained an average of 15.1 pounds more than 694 non-implanted calves. In 19 yearling trials, 616 implanted yearling steers and heifers gained 20.0 pounds more than 365 yearlings. The results suggest utilizing implants as a regular management practice for suckling steer calves and yearling steers and heifers.


Response Of Yearling Steers To Burning And Fertilizing Bluestem Pasture And Intensively Stocking Early, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, Don Boggs Jan 1977

Response Of Yearling Steers To Burning And Fertilizing Bluestem Pasture And Intensively Stocking Early, E.F. Smith, L.H. Harbers, Clenton E. Owensby, Don Boggs

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six pastures totaling 328 acres were summer grazed by yearling steers. Four pastures were burned April 23, 1976; two were not burned. One of the burned pastures had 40 lbs. of nitrogen per acre applied aerially April 29, 1976. Another burned pasture was stocked at twice the normal rate (intensively stocked early) from April 28 to July 15. The other pastures were stocked from April 28 to October 6, 1976.


Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1977

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Different Cattle Types, H.D. Loveday, Dell M. Allen, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Different cattle types were evaluated for growth, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat traits. Hereford (H), Angus (A), Red Poll (RP), Brown Swiss (BS), Gelbvieh (G), Maine Anjou (MA) and Chianina sires were mated artificially to Angus and Hereford cows to obtain different crossbred (X) cattle types. Two calf crops were born in March, April, and May of 1973, and 1974, and weaned when 200 days old. All male calves (787) were castrated, fed out and slaughtered in a commercial plant. Carcasses were graded in the cooler and the right side was transported to KSU for detailed cutout and meat …


Effect Of Feeding Rumensin During The Growing Phase On Subsequent Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Heifers, L. Corah, K. Bolsen, M. Mckee, Jack G. Riley Jan 1977

Effect Of Feeding Rumensin During The Growing Phase On Subsequent Reproductive Performance Of Yearling Heifers, L. Corah, K. Bolsen, M. Mckee, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy five purebred heifers were used to determine whether Monensin, (trade name Rumensin) fed during the initial growing period after weaning, would affect the reproductive performance of yearling heifers. Rumensin had virtually no effect on reproductive performance as determined by the percentage of heifers cycling at the start of the breeding season or the percentage of heifers that conceived at first service and during the breeding season. A slightly higher percentage of the Rumensin fed heifers were cycling at the start of the breeding season. Although the study shows that replacement heifers on roughage rations can successfully be fed Rumensin, …


Forage And Grain Sorghum Double-Cropped Following Harvest Of Small Grain Silages, Gerry L. Posler, K. Bolsen Jan 1977

Forage And Grain Sorghum Double-Cropped Following Harvest Of Small Grain Silages, Gerry L. Posler, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The attempt to increase total forage TDN per acre by double-cropping was only moderately successful in 1975 and 1976. Limiting factors were relatively poor stands and extremely dry summer growing seasons.


Feeding Monensin To Yearling Cattle On Summer Grass, F. Schwartz, E. Smith, Jack G. Riley, L. Corah Jan 1977

Feeding Monensin To Yearling Cattle On Summer Grass, F. Schwartz, E. Smith, Jack G. Riley, L. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two grazing trials conducted at different locations in Kansas evaluated feeding Monensin to grazing yearling cattle. In one trial Monensin was fed with and without implant treatments of diethylstilbestrol or Ralgro. Monensin increased weight gain on summer grass; diethylstilbestrol and Ralgro implants also increased weight gains, and the combination of Monensin with either implant was more effective than Monensin alone.


Conception Rates In Synchronized Heifers Bred At Various Times After Onset Of Estrus, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, R.M. Mckee Jan 1977

Conception Rates In Synchronized Heifers Bred At Various Times After Onset Of Estrus, R.C. Debenedetti, G.H. Kiracofe, H.S. Ward, R.M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred seven of 112 heifers were in estrus 1 to 5 days after an injection of prostaglandin F2αgiven when a 7-day synchronization implant was removed. Checks for estrus were made every four hours and heifers were bred 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26 hours after being detected in estrus. Eight heifers were not bred on schedule. Sixty-seven of 99 (67.7%) bred on schedule conceived to first artificial insemination. Conception rates were similar in heifers bred 6 to 26 hours after being detected in estrus, no differences were noted in conception rates between A.M. and P.M. breedings.


Forage And Grain Yields Of Barley, Wheat And Oats, K. Bolsen, W. Moore Jan 1977

Forage And Grain Yields Of Barley, Wheat And Oats, K. Bolsen, W. Moore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Interest in small cereal grain silages for beef cattle has increased in recent years. Two years' research at this station (Prog. Rpt. 262) has shown: (1) winter barley and winter wheat had similar forage yields and (2) forage yields were highest in the dough stage of plant growth and lowest in the boot stage. In this trial, we continued to measure effects of type and variety of cereal grain on forage and grain yields.


Characteristics Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, G. Gutowski, A. Harrison, M.E. Smith, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 1977

Characteristics Of Beef Finished On Selected Feeding Regimes, Dell M. Allen, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, G. Gutowski, A. Harrison, M.E. Smith, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-eight crossbred steers of known background were randomly assigned to four feeding regimes. All initially were fed on a brome and bluestem pasture supplemented during winter with alfalfa and protein. Ten grass-fed animals were slaughtered directly off pasture at the end of summer. Ten steers were fed an additional 49 days (short-fed), and eight 98 days (long-fed) on 80 percent concentrate and 20 percent corn silage. In addition, ten silage-fed animals were fed 60 percent corn silage and 40 percent concentrate for 98 days. Carcass characteristics were evaluated along with shear force (tenderness) and taste panel responses.


A New Tool For Evaluating Forages, L.H. Harbers, F.K. Brazle, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1977

A New Tool For Evaluating Forages, L.H. Harbers, F.K. Brazle, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The scanning electron microscope has been used to observe the digestion of alfalfa hay and warm- and cool-season grasses. Photomicrographs show that leaves of all species are digested by bacteria and protozoa attacking either the upper part of the leaf or exposed edges; lower leaf surfaces are never attacked. Intake of a forage depends on how rapidly rumen bacteria and protozoa can enter the upper leaf surface and digest underlying material (mesophyll) leaving most of the highly lignified nutrient-carrying vessels (vascular tissue) undigested.


Sources Of Supplemental Protein For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimple, K. Conway Jan 1977

Sources Of Supplemental Protein For Cows Wintered On Milo Stubble, M. Mckee, K. Kimple, K. Conway

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used 63 pregnant Hereford cows in mid gestation to evaluate need and source of supplemental protein on milo stubble. Cows fed free choice a 16% experimental nonprotein-nitrogen-based liquid supplement lost significantly more weight than cows receiving 2 lbs/head/day of a 16% natural protein cube or cows getting no protein supplement. Cows with access free choice to an 18% commercial nonprotein-nitrogen-based liquid supplement lost significantly more than cows receiving 2 lbs/head/day of 16% natural protein cube.


Large-Package And Ensiled Milo Stover For Maintaining Pregnant Cows, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, G. Fink Jan 1977

Large-Package And Ensiled Milo Stover For Maintaining Pregnant Cows, K. Kimple, M. Mckee, G. Fink

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred-two mature Simmental and Hereford cows in mid to late gestation were used to compare three maintenance rations during an 83-day trial: (1) milo stover silage, (2) large package milo stover (stacks and bales), and (3) forage sorghum silage. Each breed was represented by a pen of 17 cows in each of the forage groups. Cows fed forage sorghum silage gained significantly more than cows on other rations. Cows receiving milo stover silage lost heavily early because amounts were inadequate. They gained when stover silage was increased. Cows fed ad libitum on dry milo stover lost weight during the …


Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes Jan 1977

Milo Stover, Forage Sorghum And Alfalfa Silages For Growing Heifers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley, C. Grimes

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety heifer calves were used to compare six rations containing various combinations of milo stover, forage sorghum and alfalfa silages. In the 96-day trial, heifers fed 100% forage sorghum silage outperformed heifers fed 100% milo stover silage. Adding forage sorghum or alfalfa silage to the 100% milo stover silage ration improved rate and efficiency of gain. Observed gains and efficiencies for the 67% milo stover + 33% forage sorghum and for the 33% milo stover + 67% forage sorghum silage rations exceeded predicted gains and efficiencies an average of 10.7% and 11.5%, respectively.


Testosterone-Treated Cows To Aid In Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe Jan 1977

Testosterone-Treated Cows To Aid In Heat Detection, G.N. Laaser, G.H. Kiracofe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eight cull Hereford cows were given 200-mg. injections of testosterone proprionate repository (Haver-Lockhart, Shawnee, KS) every other day for 20 days (10 injections). Four cows were given weekly booster injections with the same testosterone proprionate; the other four were injected every three weeks with testosterone enanthate (sigma Chemical Co., St. Lois, MO.). Each cow was equipped with a chin-ball marker and each was used to detect heat in other cows. The detection period lasted approximately 45 days. Testosterone-treated cows served satisfactorily as heat detectors; those given boosters of testosterone proprionate marked more cows in heat than those given testosterone enanthate.


Micronized Milo, Urea And Prairie Hay For Growing Beef Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1977

Micronized Milo, Urea And Prairie Hay For Growing Beef Heifers, K. Bolsen, J. Oltjen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-four individually fed heifers were used 1n two heifer trials to evaluate four combinations of micronized or dry-rolled milo and soybean meal or urea supplements 1n prairie hay growing rations. Feeding 4 to 5 lbs. of micronized milo produced an average of 17% faster and 16% more efficient gains than feeding 4 to 5 lbs. of dry-rolled milo.


In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs Jan 1977

In Vitro Digestibility Of Flint Hill Rangeland Forages, J.E. Umoh, L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, J. Whitney, Don Boggs

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used an in vitro digestibility technique to determine the nutritive value of predominately native bluestem forage on burned and nonburned Flint Hills pastures. We also collected forage samples via esophageal fistulas to get what the animals consumed while grazing selectively. Summary Dry matter (DM) digestibilities for 11 months by both techniques followed changes in climatic conditions. The lowest DM digestibility averaged about 65% in October, 1975, and June, 1976; the highest (about 80%) was between February and March 1976. The grass selected by animals was usually more digestible than that harvested by hand. However, in vitro digestibility of the …


Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley Jan 1977

Sources Of Roughage And Milo For Finishing Steers, K. Bolsen, Jack G. Riley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Steers fed corn silage gained significantly (P<.05) faster than steers fed any other roughage. Wheat silage ranked second with gains significantly (P<.05) more than gains from milo stover silage, alfalfa hay or corn silage-alfalfa hay combination. Corn silage also produced the most efficient gains, which were significantly (P<.05) more efficient than gains from milo stover silage. Feeding 100% of the grain portion of finishing ratinos as high moisture milo resulted in 13% faster (P<.05) and 13% more efficient (P<.05) gains than feeding equal parts of high moisture milo and dry rolled milo.