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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 97-309-S; Report of progress (Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service); 804; Cattlemen's Day
Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Revalor-G®, Ralgro®, And Synovex-H® On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated Rye Pasture (1998), Gerry L. Kuhl, Dale A. Blasi
Effects Of Revalor-G®, Ralgro®, And Synovex-H® On The Performance Of Stocker Heifers Grazing Irrigated Rye Pasture (1998), Gerry L. Kuhl, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 151-day field study was conducted to compare three anabolic implants for promoting weight gain in stocker heifers grazing center pivot-irrigated pastures of winter rye. Three hundred previously nonimplanted heifers averaging 421 lb were allotted to one of four treatments: 1) no implant-control (NC), 2) Ralgro® (RAL), 3) Revalor-G® (REV-G) and 4) Synovex-H® (SYN-H). Heifers were weighed at monthly intervals to evaluate the growth response curve of each implant type over time relative to controls. Only during the first 32-day period after implantation did heifers implanted with REV-G gain significantly faster (P<.05) than NC. All implant groups responded similarly (P>.05) during the next three monthly weigh periods. …
Impact Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental High-Protein Soybean Meal On Performance Of Range Beef Cows (1998), C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, B.C. Woods, J.S. Heldt, K. C. Olson, David M. Grieger
Impact Of Increasing Amounts Of Supplemental High-Protein Soybean Meal On Performance Of Range Beef Cows (1998), C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, B.C. Woods, J.S. Heldt, K. C. Olson, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred and twenty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage were fed 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 lb soybean meal (SBM) per head daily. SBM as a source of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) can be effective in maintaining cow body weight and body condition during the winter grazing season. Performance as measured by changes in body weight and condition score was maximized when cows received approximately 3.5 to 3.8 lb/day. Below this level, cows lost about 48 lb (about .4 units of BCS) for every 1 lb decrease in the amount of …
Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Brome Hay (1998), C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effects Of Supplemental Degradable Intake Protein On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Brome Hay (1998), C.P. Mathis, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effects of increasing levels of degradable intake and digestion of low-quality brome hay were evaluated using 16 ruminally fistulated beef steers. Trends were evident for small, positive changes in total intake and digestion with increasing level of DIP supplementation. As a result, total digestible to feeding forage to provide .041, .082, and OM intake (TDOMI) increased with DIP supplementation but tended to plateau below the highest supplementation level.
Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay (1998), J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi
Effect Of Date Of Harvest On The Nutritional Quality Of Native Grass Hay (1998), J.C. Baker, S.R. Tonn, David E. Kehler, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Native grass hay meadows in three Kansas Flint Hills counties were sampled at 2-week intervals during the growing season to determine the effect of harvest date on forage quality. Each sample was analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and phosphorus (PHOS). CP and PHOS contents declined, and ADF increased as harvest date progressed into the growing season. Both CP and ADF were related highly to harvest date. PHOS content was associated only moderately with harvest date. Harvest date of native grass hay can significantly influence supplemental protein needs for beef cows.
Predicting Voluntary Forage Intake In Cattle (1998), C.A. Bandyk, R.C. Cochran
Predicting Voluntary Forage Intake In Cattle (1998), C.A. Bandyk, R.C. Cochran
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A large database was compiled of forage intake observations published during the past 20 years. Inputs included a wide range of factors believed to be related to voluntary intake. An analysis was designed to pinpoint which feed and animal characteristics were most valuable in predicting voluntary intake across a range of feeding situations and to compare the ability of different models to predict intake. Results emphasized the complexity of intake prediction. A wide range was evident in the variables included in the optimal models for predicting intake within different data subsets. In many cases, we observed that ratios between feed …
Effects Of Processing Whole-Plant Corn Silage On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Feedlot Cattle (1998), T.J. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, G.L. Huck, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope
Effects Of Processing Whole-Plant Corn Silage On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Feedlot Cattle (1998), T.J. Wistuba, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, G.L. Huck, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixty crossbred heifers and 12 crossbred steers were used to evaluate the effects of mechanically processing (crushing the kernels of) whole-plant corn silage on feedlot performance and nutrient digestibility. The three treatments were: preensiled processed, postensiled processed, and nonprocessed corn silages. Heifers fed the processed corn silages grew faster and were more efficient than those fed nonprocessed silage. Steers consuming the two processed silage rations had numerically higher DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestibilities and significantly higher starch digestibilities than those fed the non- processed silage ration. These data suggest that processing whole-plant corn silage before or after ensiling has …
Effects Of Various Carbohydrate Sources On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay In Continuous Culture, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Effects Of Various Carbohydrate Sources On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Hay In Continuous Culture, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the effects of supplemental carbohydrate sources on the utilization of low- quality forage in continuous "artificial rumen" culture. Providing readily digestible carbohydrates (starch, glucose, and fiber) did not improve total diet digestion. In fact, starch and glucose depressed fiber digestion. Response to other simple sugars was variable.
Characteristics Of Pelleted Wheat Middlings That Affect Summer Storage (1998), Carl R. Reed, Dionisia M. Trigo-Stockli, Dale A. Blasi, Fred J. Fairchild
Characteristics Of Pelleted Wheat Middlings That Affect Summer Storage (1998), Carl R. Reed, Dionisia M. Trigo-Stockli, Dale A. Blasi, Fred J. Fairchild
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pelleted wheat middlings samples were collected from four Kansas flour mills in March, April, and May, 1997 to characterize their moisture content and bulk density as they would be purchased directly from the mills by a livestock producer. The average moisture content of pelleted wheat middlings was 14% as they left the mills but declined during the spring to 13.6%. Pellets purchased from Kansas mills during the summer months are likely to contain 13.0 to 13.5% moisture. The average bulk density was approximately 40 lb/ft3 , which is equivalent to about 50 lb/bu. Based on the equilibrium moisture contents determined …
Increasing Interval To Prostaglandin From 17 Days To 19 Days In An Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronization System For Heifers (1998), D.W. Nix, G.C. Lamb, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah
Increasing Interval To Prostaglandin From 17 Days To 19 Days In An Mga-Prostaglandin Synchronization System For Heifers (1998), D.W. Nix, G.C. Lamb, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Weanling Angus x Hereford heifers were purchased by a commercial heifer development operation from 12 sources. Heifers were fed a silage-based diet through an initial developmental period and then were retained or culled based on their average daily gain, pelvic area, or disposition. Of the original 591 heifers, 14% were culled. Estrus was synchronized using the Colorado MGA-Prostaglandin (PG) synchronization system with PG administered at either 17 days or 19 days after the 14th day of MGA feeding. Heifers were inseminated artificially (AI) during 30 days followed by 30 days of natural mating. Heifers given PG on day 17 after …
Beef Cattle Lagoon Seepage (1998), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner
Beef Cattle Lagoon Seepage (1998), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Most compacted soils can be used for lagoon liners to achieve seepage guidelines established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.
A Three-Year Economic Evaluation Of A Commercial Heifer Development Program (1998), G.C. Lamb, J.M. Lynch, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah
A Three-Year Economic Evaluation Of A Commercial Heifer Development Program (1998), G.C. Lamb, J.M. Lynch, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In 1994, 1995, and 1996, a commercial heifer development operation purchased a total of 1542 potential replacement heifers. Heifers were purchased in the fall proceeding the spring breeding season and fed a silage-based diet during the developmental period. Before the breeding season began, heifers that failed to meet minimum requirements for pelvic area, average daily gain, body weight, disposition, or structural soundness were culled. During the first year, 42% of 483 heifers were culled, 17% of 468 heifers were culled in the second year, and 14% of 591 heifers in the third year. Estrus was synchronized and heifers were inseminated …
Fusobacterium Necrophorum In Ruminal Contents And On The Ruminal Wall Of Cattle (1998), K.R. Bedwell, N. Wallace, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Fusobacterium Necrophorum In Ruminal Contents And On The Ruminal Wall Of Cattle (1998), K.R. Bedwell, N. Wallace, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fusobacterium necrophorum was quantified from ruminal contents and ruminal wall tissue collected at slaughter. Livers were examined and scored for abscesses. The mean concentration of F. necrophorum on the ruminal wall ranged from 2.9 x 103 to 6.1x 105 per cm2 . The dorsal sac had the lowest counts, and dorsal blind and ventral sacs had the highest counts of F. necrophorum adherent to the ruminal wall. The concentrations of F. necrophorum in ruminal contents and on the ruminal wall did not appear to be related to presence or absence of abscessed livers or to severity of abscesses.
Evaluation Of Changes In Microbial Populations On Beef Carcasses Resulting From Steam Pasteurization (1998), T.L. Brown, P.E. Peters, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch, Curtis L. Kastner
Evaluation Of Changes In Microbial Populations On Beef Carcasses Resulting From Steam Pasteurization (1998), T.L. Brown, P.E. Peters, Donald H. Kropf, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The steam pasteurization process (SPS 400) developed by Frigoscandia Food Process Systems (Bellevue, WA) was effective in reducing bacterial populations in both laboratory and commercial settings. The objective of steam pasteurization and other meat decontamination measures is to extend product shelf life and improve safety by inhibiting or inactivating pathogens, while at the same time maintaining acceptable meat quality characteristics. The effects of steam pasteurization on beef carcass bacterial populations were evaluated at two large commercial beef processing facilities. A shelf-life study also was conducted to determine the microbial profiles of vacuum packaged beef loins from pasteurized and non-pasteurized carcasses. …
Fusobacterium Necrophorum Leukotoxoid Vaccine For Prevention Of Liver Abscesses (1998), S. Saginala, K.F. Lechtenberg, Kenneth E. Kemp, P.M. Hine, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Fusobacterium Necrophorum Leukotoxoid Vaccine For Prevention Of Liver Abscesses (1998), S. Saginala, K.F. Lechtenberg, Kenneth E. Kemp, P.M. Hine, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of Fusobacterium necrophorum crude leukotoxoid vaccine to immunize and protect steers against experimentally induced liver abscesses was evaluated. The vaccine consisted of cell-free culture supernatant of a high leukotoxin-producing strain of F. necrophorum, inactivated with formalin and homogenized with an oil emulsion adjuvant. Vaccine was injected subcutaneously on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor immune response. Three weeks after the second vaccination, steers were injected intraportally with F. necrophorum culture to induce liver abscesses. Three weeks later (day 63), steers were euthanatized and necropsied; livers were examined, and protection was assessed. Anti-leukotoxin antibody …
Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Liver Abscesses (1998), K.F. Lechtenberg, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolated From Liver Abscesses (1998), K.F. Lechtenberg, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of thirty-seven isolates of Fusobacterium necrophorum (21 biotype A and 16 biotype B) from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle were determined. These isolates were generally susceptible to penicillins, tetracyclines (chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline), lincosamides (clindamycin and lincomycin), and macrolides (tylosin and erythromycin) but resistant to aminoglycosides (kanamycin, neomycin, gentamycin and streptomycin), ionophores(except narasin), and peptides (avoparcin, polymixin, and thiopeptin). Differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns were observed between the two biotypes only for clindamycin and lincomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of FDA-approved antibiotics for liver abscess control did not parallel their efficacy in preventing clinical liver abscesses in …
Wheat Middlings In Roughage-Based Or Limit-Fed, High-Concentrate Diets For Growing Calves (1998), Gerry L. Kuhl, R.H. Wessels, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard
Wheat Middlings In Roughage-Based Or Limit-Fed, High-Concentrate Diets For Growing Calves (1998), Gerry L. Kuhl, R.H. Wessels, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 101-day growing study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of beef heifers fed wheat middlings in traditional full- fed, sorghum silage-based rations and in limit-fed, high-concentrate rations. Diets were formulated without wheat middlings or with wheat middlings replacing 33, 67, or 100% of rolled corn plus soybean meal. Daily gains decreased linearly (P<.01) with increasing levels of wheat middlings in the roughage-based diets because of lower feed intake (P<.10), but feed efficiency was not affected (P>.30). For the limit-fed diets, heifer daily gains decreased linearly (P<.01) as the proportion of wheat middlings in the diet increased, resulting in a linear reduction (P<.01) in feed efficiency. Wheat middlings can be utilized effectively as the predominant energy/protein source for growing cattle, though their nutritional and economic value, relative to corn and soybean meal, may be different for roughage-based and limit-fed diets.
Development Of An In Vitro Procedure To Determine Ruminal Availability Of Protein (1998), C.K. Schoenholz, James S. Drouillard, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Development Of An In Vitro Procedure To Determine Ruminal Availability Of Protein (1998), C.K. Schoenholz, James S. Drouillard, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to determine the ruminal availability of protein from grains. Procedures were based on assumptions that 1) ruminal availability of protein is first-limiting to microbial growth, 2) accumulation of microbial cells accurately predicts ruminal protein availability,3) cytosine can be used to accurately estimate microbial cell mass, and 4) cytosine is present in microorganisms but not in feeds. Cytosine content of in vitro cultures was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Early experiments determined that adding 0.75 g soluble starch provided enough energy that culture growth depended on available protein. In the final experiment, …
Effect Of Tylosin On Ruminal Fusobacterium Necrophorum Population And Fermentation Products In Cattle Fed A High-Grain Diet (1998), N. Wallace, Y. Sun, Kenneth E. Kemp, J.C. Parrott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Effect Of Tylosin On Ruminal Fusobacterium Necrophorum Population And Fermentation Products In Cattle Fed A High-Grain Diet (1998), N. Wallace, Y. Sun, Kenneth E. Kemp, J.C. Parrott, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Tylosin feeding prevented the increase in Fusobacterium necrophorum population normally associated with the feeding of a high-grain diet. Also, tylosin appeared to moderate the ruminal fermentation during initial adaptation to a high-grain diet.
Feeding Systems And Implant Strategies For Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1998), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer
Feeding Systems And Implant Strategies For Calf-Fed Holstein Steers (1998), C.T. Milton, Robert T. Brandt Jr., Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two hundred sixty-four Holstein steer calves (308 lb) were used in a 2x3 factorially designed experiment to compare the effect of two feeding systems and three implant strategies on performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were allowed ad libitum access to a conventional, high-grain diet for the entire feeding period or were program-fed a high-grain diet to gain 2.2 lb/d for 109 days and 2.6 lb/d for 92 days and then allowed ad libitum access to feed for the remainder of the feeding period. Steers were fed to a common weight endpoint (1260 lb). Implant strategies were: 1) Synovex® -S on …
Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle (1998), Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Comparison Of Fusobacterium Necrophorum Isolates From Liver Abscesses, Ruminal Walls, And Ruminal Contents Of Feedlot Cattle (1998), Sanjeev K. Narayanan, O. Okwumabua, J. Staats, Richard D. Oberst, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, M. M. Chengappa
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
DNA finger printing (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis) was employed to genetically compare Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates of liver abscesses, ruminal wall, and ruminal contents from the same animal. Fusobacterium necrophorum isolates from liver abscesses were genetically identical to the corresponding isolates from the ruminal wall in eight of nine animals tested. This genetic similarity between the isolates supports the hypothesis that F. necrophorum in liver abscesses originates from the ruminal wall.
Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas (1998), J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays
Prevalence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cow-Calf Herds In Kansas (1998), J.M. Sargeant, J.R. Gillespie, D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, L.K. Bohra, Richard D. Oberst, Randall K. Phebus, Michael P. Hays
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fecal samples from cows and calves and samples of water sources were collected monthly for 8 months from 10 Kansas cow-calf farms to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. The bacterium was found in 8% of fecal samples from cows that were within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of fecal samples from cows which were not within 24 hours of calving, 1.4% of calf fecal samples, and 1.5% of water samples. E. coli O157:H7 was identified from at least one sample on all farms.
Soybean Hulls In Roughage-Free Diets For Limit-Fed Growing Cattle (1998), C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi
Soybean Hulls In Roughage-Free Diets For Limit-Fed Growing Cattle (1998), C.A. Löest, D.J. Bindel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred heifers (573 lb initial body weight) were used in a growing study to compare growth performance of cattle fed roughage-free diets comprised mainly of soybean hulls with that of cattle receiving roughage- and corn-based diets and to determine if cattle fed soybean hull-based diets would respond to supplemental methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA; a source of methionine), ruminally protected betaine, or concentrated separator by-product (CSB; a source of betaine). Treatments included 1) a roughage-based diet fed at 2.75% of body weight (ROUGH), 2) a corn-based diet fed at 1.5% of body weight (CORN1.5), 3) a corn- based diet fed …
Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months (1998), D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka
Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility, And Genetic Diversity Of Salmonella, Campylobacter, And Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Collected At Four Kansas Beef Cattle Feedyards Over 13 Months (1998), D.R. Hyatt, J.C. Galland, S. Crupper, L. Hawkins, N.V. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Eschericia coli O157:H7 are important foodborne pathogens, but longitudinal studies of their prevalence in beef cattle feedyards have not been done. Our long- term study involved 24,556 samples taken from beef cattle feedyards found overall prevalence's of 4.87% for Salmonella, 20.1% for Campylobacter in hospital pen fecal samples, and 0.20% for E. coli O157:H7. Yard and pen differences (P<0.05) were detected. All 53 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to Talmicosin and Erythromycin, two antimicrobials used in food animal medicine. Their genetic diversity was high and did not indicate the presence of resident strains at the yards studied. Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli O157:H7 were probably brought into the yards by shipments of new cattle. Many of these organismswere susceptible to antibiotics commonly used to treat beef cattle.
Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers (1998), D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effects Of Ruminally Protected Choline And Dietary Fat On Performance Of Finishing Heifers (1998), D.J. Bindel, R.H. Wessels, C.A. Loest, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 120-day finishing study utilizing 318 heifers (753 lb initial body weight) examined the effects of ruminally protected choline in diets with no tallow or 2 or 4% of supplemental tallow. Heifers were fed a finishing diet based on a mix of steam-flaked and dry- rolled corn; encapsulated choline (20, 40, or 60 g/head/day, supplying 5, 10 or 15 g choline/head/day) was top-dressed to the diet or not added. Dry matter intake decreased linearly with inclusion of fat (P<.05) but was not affected significantly by addition of choline. Daily gains also decreased linearly (P<.05) with fat addition. Choline supplementation increased gain (linear, P<.1; qua dratic, P<.05), with the greatest increase occurring for the first 20 g increment encapsulated choline/day. Likewise, feed efficiency improved (P<.1) with supplemental choline. Again, the greatest response occurred for the first 20 g/day. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat and yield grade both increased linearly (P<.1) with fat supplementation. The percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice decreased (linear, P<.05; quadratic, P<.1) when choline was added at 60 g/day. Hot carcass weight, marbling, dressing percent, and 12th rib fat thickness were not affected significantly by either fat or choline. Ruminally protected choline can improve average daily gain and feed efficiency of finishing cattle.
Control Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Large-Diameter, Lebanon-Style Bologna (1998), K.J. Karr, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden, Randall K. Phebus
Control Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Large-Diameter, Lebanon-Style Bologna (1998), K.J. Karr, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Lebanon bologna raw batter was mixed with a five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to achieve average inoculum levels of 7.79, 7.77, and 7.92 log CFU/g as deter mined on MSA, 202, and PRSA media, respectively. Treatment 1 consisted of a fermentation cycle of 8 hrs at an internal temperature (I.T.) of 80EF then 24 hrs at 100EF I.T., followed by 24 hrs at 110EF I.T. Treatments 2, 3, and 4 included additional heating at 115EF I.T. for 1, 2, and 5 hrs, respectively. All heat treatments resulted in product that was negative (<1.9 log CFU/g detection limit) on all culture media and negative after enrichment on mEC selective medium. This study validates that a five-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 can be achieved using the described protocol, thus meeting USDA/FSIS requirements.
Effects Of Added Fat, Degradable Intake Protein, And Ruminally-Protected Choline In Diets Of Finishing Steers (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Added Fat, Degradable Intake Protein, And Ruminally-Protected Choline In Diets Of Finishing Steers (1998), A.S. Flake, Gerry L. Kuhl, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 216 yearling steers was used in two finishing experiments to evaluate interactions between levels of dietary fat, protein and ruminally protected choline. In Trial 1, steers received diets that combined levels of 0% or 5% added fat (choice white grease), 10.8% or 12.5% crude protein, and 0 or 5 grams per head daily of ruminally protected choline. Steers were fed in pens of five head each for 89 days. Adding fat decreased intake (P<.01), average daily gain (P<.1), and carcass weight (P<.07) and increased carcass yield grade (P<.06) but did not alter feed efficiency (P>.9). Increasing the protein level from 10.8 to 12.5% had no significant effects on live animal performance, but the high protein level resulted …
Influence Of Melengesterol Acetate (Mga®) And Implus-H® Implants On Rate Of Gain, Feed Efficiency, And Carcass Characteristics Of Culled Beef Cows Fed A High Concentrate Ration (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, John A. Unruh, James S. Drouillard
Influence Of Melengesterol Acetate (Mga®) And Implus-H® Implants On Rate Of Gain, Feed Efficiency, And Carcass Characteristics Of Culled Beef Cows Fed A High Concentrate Ration (1998), M.F. Spire, J.C. Galland, John A. Unruh, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
No statistical differences were detected in feedlot performance or carcass traits between control culled beef cows and those that were treated with melengesterol acetate (MGA®) and/or Implus-H® when fed in a feedyard for 56 days before slaughter. All groups performed well, indicating that this practice may be used to improve the market value of culled cows. Cow health during the feeding period is a major concern.
Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder
Price Discovery Issues For Fed Cattle, J. Mintert, C.E. Ward, D.S. Peel, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Interviews were conducted with cattle feeders, beef packers, and others involved in the beef industry to discern their concerns about fed-cattle price discovery. Three issues predominated. First was the need to better identify beef quality, ideally by objective means. Quality often, but not always, referred to tenderness and the "eating experience" of consumers. Second was the need for greater pricing accuracy, signaling a desire for less average pricing and more value-based pricing. The need for improved market information was the third issue identified.
Betaine As A Dietary Supplement For Finishing Cattle (1998), C.A. Loest, R.D. Hunter, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Betaine As A Dietary Supplement For Finishing Cattle (1998), C.A. Loest, R.D. Hunter, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred seventy five steers (902 lb initial body weight) were used in a finishing study to determine the effect of betaine, provided either as feed-grade betaine (Betafin-S6, Finnsugar Bioproducts) or as concentrated separator by-product (CSB; desugared beet molasses), on animal performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn. Treatments included 10.5 or 21 g/steer daily supplemental feed-grade betaine or 250 g (15.5 betaine) or 500 g (31 g betaine) of CSB per steer daily. Dry matter intakes increased (linear, P<0.1) for steers supplemented with feed- grade betaine. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies were not affected by treatments. Dressing percent and twelfth rib back fat increased (P<0.1) for steers that received feed-grade betaine. Rib-eye area decreased (P<0.1) when steers were supplemented with either feed-grade betaine or CSB. Yield grades were significantly higher (linear, P<0.1) for cattle receiving supplemental CSB or feed-grade betaine (quadratic, P<.05). Hot carcass weights, KPH, marbling scores, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice were not affected by supplemental betaine. In this study, betaine supplementation did not markedly alter growth performance, but carcass fatness tended to increase for both supplements.
Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants (1998), P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus
Microbial Shelf Life Of Chub-Packaged Ground Beef From Four Large U.S. Processing Plants (1998), P.E. Peters, S.D. Gamage, J.B. Luchansky, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ten pound chubs of coarsely ground beef of two different lean:fat specifications (73:27 and 81:19) were stored at three temperatures (34, 38 or 45 ÌŠF) to monitor the effects of storage temperature on microbial condition of the product. Ground beef from four U.S. plants was tested (2 trials each), and microbial analyses were conducted on storage days 0, 6, 10, 14, and 18 using seven different media to estimate counts of total aerobic and anaerobic, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial counts for a given culture medium were similar among plants and meat types. At day 10, total …