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Other Animal Sciences

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2003

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For 22 To 45 Lb Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For 22 To 45 Lb Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,440 pigs (initially 22.5 lb and 21 d after weaning) was used in a 21-d growth assay to determine the optimal lysine level to maximize growth performance of 22- to 45-lb pigs. Pigs were fed one of five dietary treatments with increasing dietary lysine (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5% true digestible lysine). All diets had the same soybean meal level with crystalline amino acids added to achieve the increasing lysine levels while maintaining a minimum ratio of all other amino acids to lysine. Average daily gain and feed efficiency improved linearly (P<0.01) with increasing dietary lysine. Although the response to lysine was linear (P<0.01), it would appear that pigs weighing between 22 and 45 lb require approximately 1.4% true digestible lysine (1.54% total lysine) to maximize growth performance.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve multiparous sows were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding diets with or without Carnichrome® (50 ppm carnitine and 200 ppb chromium picolonate) on the components of heat production (HP) in early, mid and late gestation. All sows were fed dietary treatments for the 28 d lactation, and the subsequent weaning to estrus and gestation periods. The kinetics of HP and its partitioning (basal or resting HP, activity HP, and short term thermic effect of feeding (TEFst)) were determined during three stages of gestation, early (weeks 5 or 6), mid (weeks 9 or …

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Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three individual trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing the amount of crystalline amino acids (L-lysine, L threonine, and DL-methionine) as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet on pig growth performance. A second objective was to determine if increasing net energy (NE) concentration in the diet as a result of increased crystalline amino acids and less soybean meal would affect pig growth. In all three studies, pigs (each approximately 21 lb) were fed a cornsoybean meal diet, or diets with 2, 4, 6, or 8 lb/ton L-lysine HCl and other amino acids to maintain their proper …

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Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …

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Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith Jan 2003

Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds present at part per billion levels in fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued and smoked meats. Most of these compounds are highly mutagenic, as demonstrated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium. They also are carcinogenic in rodents and non-human primates following high dosage and long term oral administration. For decades, researchers have focused on inhibiting the production of these carcinogens. This research investigates the effects of natural antioxidants in spices or other ingredients on the reduction of heterocyclic amines formation when beef patties are cooked. The term "spice" in this paper includes herbs. Ground beef patties …

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Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We pooled the mechanical probe data from two experiments to develop regression equations to predict beef longissimus tenderness. Fifty-three USDA Select strip loins were evaluated at 2 days postmortem with three mechanical probes to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of cooked steaks aged 14 days. The sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probes were correlated to TSP tenderness (r=-0.51, -0.45, and -0.35, respectively)and WBSF (r=0.56, 0.53, and 0.36, respectively). Regression equations developed from sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probe measurements and L* (lightness) values accounted for 49, 50, and 47% of …

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Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Modeling Of Cooking Strip Loin And Outside Round Steaks In A Forced-Air Convection Oven (2003), E. Obuz, Larry E. Erickson, Melvin C. Hunt, T.J. Herald, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used a forced-air convection oven to cook steaks from two muscles; strip loin (longissimus lumborum) and outside round (biceps femoris). We used a mathematical model to predict cooking time and temperature profiles for each steak. No differences (P>0.05) were found in cooking times between experimental and model values for either of the steaks. Modeled temperature profiles were consistently higher (except for the beginning of the cooking cycle) than the experimental values up to 65°C (150°F) in the cooking cycle for outside round steaks, whereas better agreement between experimental and modeled values was found for strip loin steaks. A …

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Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2003

Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment determined the impact of type of supplemental carbohydrate and amount of supplemental ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on intake and digestion of prairie hay. Fourteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were supplemented with one of two carbohydrates (corn starch or the simple sugar glucose) at 0.30% of body weight and one of seven levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, or 0.195% of body weight). Two additional steers served as controls (non-supplemented steers, i.e., no carbohydrate or RDP supplementation). Forage intake and digestion were substantially improved by increasing amounts of supplemental RDP. Supplemental carbohydrate with …

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Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers (2003), J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard Jan 2003

Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers (2003), J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Finishing heifers were fed diets containing either conventional (18% moisture) or high-moisture (36% moisture) steam-flaked corn. Increasing moisture concentration in flakes increased starch availability (P<0.01), but feeding heifers high-moisture flakes decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake and average daily gain compared to heifers fed conventional flakes. Feeding heifers high-moisture flakes also numerically reduced hot carcass weight and ribeye area, but caused (P<0.01) heifers to deposit more fat over their 12th rib. Extreme levels of moisture in flaked corn improve starch availability but do not appear to increase heifer performance or carcass value. The interaction between moisture and flake density needs further evaluation.

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Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard Jan 2003

Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle (2003), J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen crossbred steers weighing 875 lb were used to evaluate the effects of a 5% ground flaxseed supplement and a combined trenbolone acetate/estradiol (TBA/E2) growth promoting implant, Revalor-S®, on both circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and local muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentrations. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: . 1) Flax/Implant, 2) No Flax/ Implant, 3) Flax/No Implant, 4) No Flax/No Implant. Serum was harvested from blood collected via jugular venipuncture on day 0 (before implantation or flax addition), 14, and 28. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the longissimus muscle on days 0, 14, and 28. Implanted …

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Evaluation Of Different Soy Protein Concentrate Sources On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, T Iwasawa, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Different Soy Protein Concentrate Sources On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, M R. Barker, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, T Iwasawa, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three experiments were conducted using 486 weanling pigs (216 in Experiment 1; 210 in Experiment 2; 60 in Experiment 3) to determine the effects of different soy protein concentrate (SPC) sources on growth performance. Soy protein concentrate source 1 is dried with a torus disk following the concentration of soy proteins. This drying procedure will generate some degree of heat and possibly mechanical forces somewhat similar to extrusion processing (Soycomil P®, ADM). Soy protein concentrate source 2 is dried by a different process, and then it is moist extruded (Profine E, Central Soya). Therefore, the objective of our study was …

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Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six pigs (initially 13.8 lb.) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the interactive effects between pelleting and particle size on Salmonella serovar Typhimurium shedding and colonization in a young growing pig model. The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of meal or pelleted diets with fine or coarse ground corn. Pigs were fed the diets 1 wk pre-salmonella inoculation and allotted based on weight to one of four dietary treatments. For the main effect of particle size, pigs fed finer ground corn had significantly improved feed efficiency (P0.82). There was no difference in salmonella infection …

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Comparison Of Antimicrobial Alternatives In Irradiated Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Comparison Of Antimicrobial Alternatives In Irradiated Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Previous research at Kansas State University indicated that irradiation can effectively reduce the bacteria concentration in nursery diets. Therefore, we hypothesized that eliminating bacteria in the feed via irradiation would provide a model to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial alternatives. In a 27-d growth assay, 330 weanling pigs (13.2 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age, PIC) were fed one of 9 experimental diets: 1) control diet with no antimicrobials, 2) irradiated control diet with no antimicrobials, and the irradiated control diet with added: 3) carbadox (50 g/ton), 4) Probios® (1.6% from d 0 to 14 and 0.8% from …

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Mannanoligosaccharides In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), C L. Jones, C W. Starkey, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2003

Mannanoligosaccharides In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), C L. Jones, C W. Starkey, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 168 pigs (average initial BW of 13.2 lb and avg initial age of 21 d) was used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of mannanoligosaccharides on growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets without antibiotics. Treatments were: 1) a positive control with carbadox added at 50 g/ton of diet, 2) a negative control without antibiotic, 3) the negative control with mannanoligosaccharides from dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation solubles (Bio-Mos added at 0.2% of the diet), and 4) the negative control diet with mannanoligosaccharides from the cell walls of yeast (Safmannan added at 0.1% of the diet). …

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The Effects Of Poultry Meal And Fishmeal On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Effects Of Poultry Meal And Fishmeal On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 210 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb and 21 ± 2 d of age, PIC) was used to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fishmeal and stabilized poultry meal on growth performance of nursery pigs. Five dietary treatments were fed from d 0 to 28 after weaning. Diets included a control with no specialty protein products and diets with 2.5% and 5.0% fishmeal and poultry meal replacing the lysine provide by fishmeal at 2.9% and 5.9%. All the diets were formulated on an equal lysine basis. Overall (d 0 to 28), pigs fed diets containing fishmeal had greater …

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Evaluation Of Hemicell® On Growth Performance Of Late Nursery Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Hemicell® On Growth Performance Of Late Nursery Pigs (2003), N A. Lenehan, C N. Groesbeck, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 276 pigs (initially 21.9 lb) was used to determine the effects of added Hemicell® on growth performance. Hemicell® is a patented fermentation product of Bacillus lentus. The active ingredient in the fermentation product is β-mannanase. However, other enzymes such as amylase, xylanase, cellulases, and α-galactosidase also are present. It is claimed that Hemicell® degrades β-mannan in feed, thus, removing its effects as an antinutritive factor in swine diets. Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial, with or without 0.05% Hemicell®, in diets with 3 levels of energy density (1,388, 1,488, 1,588 ME, kcal/lb). The …

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Effects Of A Heat-Stable Yeast Product And Antibiotics In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), C L. Jones, C W. Starkey, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2003

Effects Of A Heat-Stable Yeast Product And Antibiotics In Diets For Nursery Pigs (2003), C L. Jones, C W. Starkey, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 192 pigs (average initial BW of 15 lb and 21 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of a heatstable yeast product on growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets without and with antibiotics. Treatment diets were formulated to: 1.7% lysine for d 0 to 7, 1.5% lysine for d 7 to 21, and 1.3% lysine for d 21 to 35. The treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial, with main effects of antibiotics (without and with carbadox at 50 g/ton) and yeast (without and with 0.2% Biosaf). All …

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The Influence Of Dietary Fat Level And Crystalline Amino Acid Additions On Growth Performance Of 25- To 50-Lb Pigs (2003), J Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Influence Of Dietary Fat Level And Crystalline Amino Acid Additions On Growth Performance Of 25- To 50-Lb Pigs (2003), J Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To determine the effects of increasing added fat on pig growth performance 1,440 pigs (each initially 26 lb) were used in a 21 d growth trial. Pigs were fed diets containing none, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% choice white grease. Increasing added fat reduced (linear, P<0.05) ADFI and improved F/G. Although ADG was not significantly affected by fat level, increasing added fat from 0 to 1.5% or greater resulted in a 1-lb increase in total weight gain over the entire trial. The greatest improvement in feed efficiency was also observed with the addition of the first 1.5% fat; however, further increases in dietary fat continued to linearly reduce ADFI and improve F/G. These results would suggest that from 25 to 50 lb, 1.5 to 3.0% added fat optimized pig growth performance. Based on the results of Experiment 1, we conducted Experiment 2 to confirm the optimum level of added fat in combination with increased use of crystalline amino acids (3 vs 6 lb/ton L-lysine + other amino acids) to meet the pig's lysine requirements. In Experiment 2, 1,152 pigs (each initially 21 lb) were fed one of four dietary treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial. Main effects included added fat (3 or 6%) and crystalline amino acid amounts (3 vs 6 lb/ton Llysine HCl with other amino acids added to maintain proper amino acid to lysine ratios). No differences were observed in growth performance, but based on current ingredient prices, reducing the amount of soybean meal by the use of higher levels of crystalline amino acids increased margin over feed cost. In conclusion, these data indicate that 3% added fat will optimize growth performance and margin over feed costs, and that the use of greater amounts of crystalline amino acids (up to 6 lb/ton L-lysine with added L-threonine and DL methionine) are efficiently used by the pig and will also help further increase margin over feed costs.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady Jan 2003

Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …

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Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach Jan 2003

Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 mixed-parity sows (parities one to four) was used to determine the effects of particle size of corn in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. The sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with targeted corn particle sizes of 1,500, 900, and 600 μm (actual means particle sizes of corn during the experiment were 1,600, 824 and 619 μm). Reducing mean particle size of the corn in lactation diets from 1,500 to 600 microns resulted in greater ADFI and water usage (linear effects, P<0.02), fewer days for return to estrus after weaning (linear effect, P<0.04), and less backfat loss (quadratic effect, P<0.03) for the sows. Although the trends in pigs weaned per litter, piglet survivability, litter weaning weight, and litter weight gain were in the same direction as those for feed intake and water usage in the sows, the difference in measurements of litter performance was not statistically important among treatments (P = 0.15 or greater). Intakes of DM, N, and GE by the sows were increased by 9, 4, and 7% and apparent digestibilities of DM, N, and GE were increased by 6, 5, and 7%, respectively, as particle size of corn was decreased from 1,500 to 600 μm (linear effects, P<0.001). Finally, excretion of DM and N in the feces was decreased (linear effect, P<0.002) by 178 g/d and 5 g/d, respectively, as particle size of the corn on the sow diets was reduced. In conclusion, reducing particle size of corn did not affect litter performance but increased feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and reduced nutrient excretion in sows.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (2003), M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2003

Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Meats Using Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (2003), M. Singh, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride (CPC) spray using variable application temperatures, pressures, and times was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on the surfaces of commercial frankfurters and Polish sausage. Frankfurters and Polish sausage were inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (101M, 109, 108M, serotype 4c ATCC, and serotype 3 ATCC) and subjected to no treatment, CPC treatment, and CPC followed by water treatment. CPC (1%) was applied to the frankfurters and Polish sausage by spraying in a cabinet using all combinations of 77, 104, and 131°F spray temperatures; 20, 25, and 35 psi spray pressures; and …

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Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting (2003), S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 2003

Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting (2003), S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Livestock price reporting mandated by the USDA was designed to increase available price data with the intent of providing producers with information to facilitate price discovery. Has the program been effective at accomplishing this goal? This study determined how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting effectiveness. This study reports results from a survey of cattle feeding companies located primarily in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Iowa. Results indicate a diversity of opinions regarding the effectiveness of mandatory price reporting. On average, producers are neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of mandatory price reporting. …

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Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F (2003), E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden Jan 2003

Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F (2003), E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate and a combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate on natural aerobic microflora of ground beef stored at 39°F. For non-treated control and 1% buffered sodium citrate, total aerobic count gradually increased from 4.2 log colony forming units (CFU)/gram initially to 9.0 and 8.7 log CFU/gram, respectively, after 10 days. Both treatments reached the spoilage index number of 7.0 log CFU/gram after 5 days. A combination of 1% buffered sodium citrate and 0.1% sodium diacetate resulted in a total aerobic count of 5.9 log CFU/gram (below the spoilage index) after …

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Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus Jan 2003

Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifty-four crossbred finishing steers were used to measure the effects of reducing supplemental protein (nitrogen) on feedlot performance and fecal shedding of acid-resistant Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. A control diet (15.0% crude protein; high protein) was compared to a low protein diet (8.9% crude protein; low protein) from which supplemental nitrogen sources (urea and soybean meal) were removed for the last 8 days of the feeding period. Fecal E. coli and coliform populations were measured prior to harvest. Removal of supplemental nitrogen from feedlot cattle diets did not substantially reduce populations of acid-resistant fecal E. coli and coliforms. …

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The Influence Of Chop Location On Pork Loin Quality (2003), J W. Homm, R C. Johnson, John A. Unruh Jan 2003

The Influence Of Chop Location On Pork Loin Quality (2003), J W. Homm, R C. Johnson, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pork longissimus muscle quality characteristics were evaluated on 109 center cut boneless loins. After 21 d aging, loins were cut into 1-inch chops and allowed to bloom for 30 minutes before visual measurements (color, marbling and firmness) and instrumental color were recorded for each chop. Overall, visual color was the lightest on the anterior and posterior ends and was the darkest from approximately 50% to 80% of the length of the loin. Marbling was the highest at the posterior end, lowest in mid-loin, then higher toward the anterior end. Loins were the softest at the anterior end and became firmer …

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Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 32-day growth study with a total of 252 weanling pigs (18 ± 3 d of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic, Inulin (a fructooligosaccharide derivative of chicory), and a direct fed microbial (Lactobacillus strain) in diets for weanling pigs. Pigs were fed one of six experimental diets containing: 1) no antibiotic or prebiotic (negative control); 2) carbadox (50 g/ton, positive control); 3) direct fed microbial (DFM, 0.1%); 4) Inulin (0.5% and 0.2% of phase I and phase II diets, respectively); 5) carbadox plus DFM; or 6) carbadox plus Inulin. Pigs fed carbadox improved (P<0.04) ADG from d 0 to 14, 14 to 32, and overall (0 to 32) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing carbadox increased (P<0.01) ADFI from d 0 to 14 and tended to have increased (P<0.06) ADFI overall compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. No differences in ADG or ADFI were seen for pigs fed diets containing either Inulin or the DFM compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin or DFM. Pigs fed the DFM had poorer feed efficiency d 0 to 14 (P<0.03), 14 to 32 (P<0.01), and overall (P<0.01) compared to those fed diets without DFM. Also, there was a trend for pigs fed diets containing Inulin to have poorer feed efficiency (P<0.07) from d 14 to 32 and overall when compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin. There were no additive responses for ADG or ADFI when Inulin or DFM were combined with carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing both the DFM and carbadox resulted in poorer feed efficiency (P<0.02) from d 14 to 32 and overall (0 to 32) than pigs fed diets without carbadox or DFM. Pigs fed the diet containing Inulin and carbadox had poorer feed efficiency from d 0 to 14 (P<0.04) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox or Inulin. In summary, nursery diets containing either Inulin or the DFM did not enhance growth performance; however, carbadox improved ADG and ADFI.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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The Effects Of Poultry Meal Source On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Effects Of Poultry Meal Source On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), T P. Keegan, C W. Hasted, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 350 pigs (PIC, initially 19.7 lb and 22 ± 2 d of age) was used to evaluate the effects of select menhaden fishmeal and stabilized poultry meal source on growth performance of nursery pigs. Seven dietary treatments were fed from d 4 to 19 after weaning. Diets included a control with no specialty protein products and diets with 2.5% or 5% fishmeal, or two different sources of poultry meal (low or high ash content). All the diets were formulated on an equal lysine basis. The poultry meal replaced the lysine provided by fishmeal with inclusion rates of …

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Effects Of Corn Source And Fat Level On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Facility (2003), C W. Hastad, C L. Jones, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Corn Source And Fat Level On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Facility (2003), C W. Hastad, C L. Jones, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,144 gilts (initially 110.4 lb, PIC) was used in a commercial research facility to evaluate the effects of corn source (NutriDenseâ„¢, BASF, or #2 Yellow Dent) and added fat (averaging 0, 3, and 6%) on pig performance and carcass traits. Energy levels were based such that the higher energy (assuming 5% greater ME than #2 yellow dent) in NutriDense corn (with or without added fat) was calculated to be equal to that provided by yellow dent corn and added fat. In each phase, the first treatment diet contained yellow dent corn and no added fat. In the …

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Comparison Of Three Methods Of Feeding Sows In Gestation And The Subsequent Effects On Lactation Performance (2003), M G. Young, F X. Aherne, R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Comparison Of Three Methods Of Feeding Sows In Gestation And The Subsequent Effects On Lactation Performance (2003), M G. Young, F X. Aherne, R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 684 sows from breeding groups over six weeks were used to compare three methods of feeding during gestation and to assess the subsequent effects on lactation performance. Control gilts and sows were fed according to body condition based on a scale of 1 to 5, (1=thin, 5=fat). Sows were visually assessed for body condition at breeding and were assigned a daily feed allowance to achieve a body condition score of 3 at farrowing. Sow body condition was evaluated every two weeks throughout gestation, and feed allowance was adjusted as required. Treatment two used feeding levels based on …

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The Effects Of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein And/Or Adding Chicory On Composition And Odor Of Stored Swine Manure (2003), S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, M G. Young, K R. Lawrence, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

The Effects Of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein And/Or Adding Chicory On Composition And Odor Of Stored Swine Manure (2003), S M. Hanni, C N. Groesbeck, M G. Young, K R. Lawrence, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A feeding study was conducted to compare nutrient excretion and odor analysis of pigs fed either a conventional corn-soybean meal diet, or a diet formulated to minimize nutrient excretion and odors through use of crystalline amino acids, phytase, and nonsulfur containing trace minerals. These diets (0.85% true digestible lysine), were fed to pigs (each initially 130 lb) with or without chicory, a feed ingredient speculated to reduce odors in swine waste. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial, with main effects of diet nutrient excretion potential (low or high) and chicory (0 or 10%). Twelve nonlittermate barrows …

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