Life Sciences Commons^™

Chemical Communication In House Mice (Mus Musculus): Can They Recognize Gender From The Anogenital, Harderian Gland Or Mouth/Nose Odor?, Dawn Michele Andrews

Dissertations and Theses

Identifying the sensory systems animals employ to communicate chemically and the function of the chemical signals facilitates further understanding of chemical communication. Increased knowledge of how animals use the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in order to interpret the meaning of body odors will aid in developing a more detailed organization of chemosensory pathways. The message that each body odor contains can change from species to species.

The purpose of this thesis was to study three previously untested body odors in house mice (M. musculus) for their role in gender recognition of conspecifics. These odors are the anogenital (feces, …

Bad Ethics, Good Ethics And The Genetic Engineering Of Animals In Agriculture, Bernard Rollin

Genetics Collection

Genetic engineers have been remiss in addressing ethical and social issues emerging from this powerful new technology, a technology whose implications for agriculture are profound. As a consequence of this failure, society has been uneasy about genetic engineering of animals and has had difficulty distinguishing between genuine and spurious ethical issues the technology occasions. Many of the most prominent concerns do not require a serious response. On the other hand, concerns about a variety of possible risks arising from genetic engineering of animals require careful consideration and dialogue with the public. Such concerns are an admixture of ethics and prudence. …

A Lighter Shade Of Green: Reproducing Nature In Central Florida, Kevin Archer

All Faculty Scholarship for the School of Graduate Studies and Research

No abstract provided.

Progress Report : 1996 / Cattle Industry Compensation Act Research Advisory Committee., J Allen, J Heatherington, M Norton, B Mackintosh, W Standing

Research Reports

The Cattle Industry Compensation Fund was established under the Cattle Industry Compensation Aet 1965. Monies received on cattle sales by the Commissioner for State Taxation are paid into the Fund and matched by State Government appropriation.

Funds are held to compensate producers for losses incurred in disease eradication programs, to promote and encourage scientific research for improvement of cattle health and promotion and for purposes that, in the opinion of the Minister, will promote and encourage the cattle industry

An Advisory Committee, established by the Hon. Minister for Primary Industry makes recommendations for funding on a project basis. The Advisory …

Quantity-Based Interference And Symbolic Representations In Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), S. T. Boysen, G. G. Berntson, M. B. Hannan, J. T. Cacioppo

Sentience Collection

Five chimpanzees with training in counting and numerical skills selected between 2 arrays of different amounts of candy or 2 Arabic numerals. A reversed reinforcement contingency was in effect, in which the selected array was removed and the subject received the nonselected candies (or the number of candies represented by the nonselected Arabic numeral). Animals were unable to maximize reward by selecting the smaller array when candies were used as array elements. When Arabic numerals were substituted for the candy arrays, all animals showed an immediate shift to a more optimal response strategy of selecting the smaller numeral, thereby receiving …

Taking Evolution Seriously: A Matter Of Primate Intelligence, Maxine Sheets-Johnstone

Intelligence Collection

No abstract provided.

A Study On The Life History And Seasonal Foraging Habits Of The Salamander Desmognathus Quadramaculatus Holbrook, In Wv, Glenn R. Mills

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A study was conducted on Desmognathus quadramaculatus in the northern periphery of its range with some aspects of its life history, surface density, and seasonal foraging habits. The results in this study are compared to studies done on D. quadramaculatus in the southern portion of its range. Female D. quadramaculatus have been found tending egg clutches from June to September in the southern portion of its range and data collected in this study shows that egg deposition also occurs during this period in the northern population. Female size (SVL) at which D. quadramaculatus reach sexual maturity ranged from 57.6- 77.5 …

Effect Of Retinoic Acid On The Expression And Function Of Ap-1 Transcription Factor In B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells: Role Of Protein Kinase, Sejal H. Desai

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of B16 mouse melanoma cells. This differentiation is accompanied by an increase in protein kinase Ca (PKCα) protein level and selective enrichment in nuclear-associated PKCα. PKC is thought to regulate gene expression through the TPA response element (TRE). This element is specifically recognized by the AP-1 transcription factor composed of jun and fos family members. In this study, I have analyzed the effect of RA on the expression and function of AP-1 in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Transient transfection analysis of B16 cells using leuciferase reporter gene constructs with or without AP-1 elements indicated that …

Postnatal Development Of The Neural Retina In A South American Opossum: Monodelphis Domestica, Tracy L. Soltesz

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Postnatal retinal development was studied in a marsupial opossum, Monodelphis domestica using light microscopy and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. For the light microscopic study, opossum neonates at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 25 and 28 days of age were euthanized, fixed and processed into paraffin sections for hematoxylin and eosin staining. The distinct ganglion cell layer, first observed on postnatal day (P) 7, was separated from the outer neuroblasts by the inner plexiform layer. The neuroblast layer was divided into inner and outer nuclear layers on P25 by the presumptive outer plexiform layer, indicated by discrete intercellular spaces located between the nuclear …

"Vertebrate Pests Of Agriculture, Forestry And Public Lands" 1996 Annual Meeting

Western Region Coordinating Committee for Vertebrate Pests of Agriculture, Forestry, and Public Lands (WCC-95)

Tuesday, November 19

1:00-1:15 pm Welcome, Introductions, and Agenda Update Robert Schmidt, Committee Chair

1:15-1:30 Administrative Advisor Comments Dr. Grant Vest

Presentations:

1:30-2:00 Residue tests in rodent carcasses exposed to chlorophacinone from bait stations and hand broad casting: a simulated field trial. R. Baker

2:00-2:30 Comments on ReJeX-iT - results of a field trial on turf. R. Baker

2:30-3:00 Update on predator research at Hopland: toxic collars and guard animals. R. Timm

3:00-3:30 Break

3:30-5:00 Revision of EPA's vertebrate pest assessment guidelines. Bill Jacobs, Environmental Protection Agency

Wednesday, November 20

Presentations:

8 :30-9:00am Overview of project management at NWRC. R. …

Mechanisms Of American English Vowel Production In A Grey Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus), Denice K. Warren, Dianne K. Patterson, Irene M. Pepperberg

Sentience Collection

Parrots are known for their capacity to reproduce the sounds of human speech, but few studies have investigated their mechanisms for producing such vocalizations. Using three methods of noninvasive video imaging (Super VHS video, infrared, X-ray radiography), we examined correlations between several elements of a Grey Parrot's (Psittacus erithacus) vocal-tract configuration and the bird's production of two vowels, /i/ ("eat") and /a/ ("rock"). This parrot uses mechanisms that both resemble and differ from those used by: (a) humans to produce English speech; and (b) some avian species to produce conspecific vocalizations. This Grey Parrot, for example, uses its vocal apparatus …

Influence Of Lysine Concentration On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (1996), Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used a total of 11,653 pigs to examine the influence of a lysine phase-feeding regimen on growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. We found that the lysine regimen did not affect ADG. Also, the low-lysine regimen was adequate for maximizing growth performance and carcass characteristics of barrows. However, the low-lysine regimen was inadequate to optimize feed efficiency in gilts. Further analysis indicated that the largest differences in feed efficiency were for the 115 to 160 lb period in gilts. Later in the growth period, feed efficiency of gilts was similar across dietary lysine regimens.; Swine Day, Manhattan, …

Effects Of Expanders (High Shear Conditioning) On Growth Performance In Finishing Pigs (1996), S L. Johnston, S L. Traylor, Robert H. Hines, S P. Sorrell, I H. Kim, G A. Kennedy, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Diets that had been processed using standard, long-term, and expander (high shear) conditioning tended to support greater ADG than an unconditioned meal control diet. Pelleting was necessary to maximize efficiency of growth, but only with standard and long-term conditioning. Indeed, the best efficiencies of gain were for pigs fed the expander processed diets, with no additional benefits from pelleting the expanded mash.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1996

Influence Of Lysine Concentration On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Pigs (1996), Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used a total of 11,653 pigs to examine the influence of a lysine phase-feeding regimen on growth performance and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. We found that the lysine regimen did not affect ADG. Also, the low-lysine regimen was adequate for maximizing growth performance and carcass characteristics of barrows. However, the low-lysine regimen was inadequate to optimize feed efficiency in gilts. Further analysis indicated that the largest differences in feed efficiency were for the 115 to 160 lb period in gilts. Later in the growth period, feed efficiency of gilts was similar across dietary lysine regimens.; Swine Day, Manhattan, …

The Effects Of Dietary Energy Density And Lysine:Calorie Ratio On The Growth Performance Of The 20 To 55 Lb Pig (1996), J W. Smith Ii, W B. Nessmith Jr, J R. Bergstrom, K Hongtrakul, J A. Loughmiller, R E. Musser, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 336 barrows (initially 21.8 lb and 31 ± 2 d of age) was used to evaluate the results of increasing levels of choice white grease and lysine:calorie ratio on pig performance. Increasing levels of both choice white grease and lysine:calorie ratio improved the growth rate and efficiency of pigs fed from 20 to 55 lb.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1996

Explaining Differences In Efficiency Among Farrow-To-Finish Producers (1996), W W. Rowland, Michael R. Langemeier, Allen M. Featherstone, Bryan W. Schurle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To remain competitive, hog operations will need to continue to improve production efficiency and manage costs. Kansas Farm Management Association data from 1992 to 1994 were used to measure technical, economic, and overall efficiency for 43 farrow-to-finish operations in Kansas. On average, the farms had .89 technical, .75 economic, and .67 overall efficiencies. Efficiency was related positively to the number of litters produced and pounds of pork produced per litter. Efficiency was related negatively to percentage of labor hired, feed conversion rates, and capital investment per litter. Pounds of pork produced per litter and feed conversion had the largest impacts …

Cytokines In Pigs Bred Selectively For High And Low Immune Response [Abstract Only], Jay Reddy, Bruce N. Wilkie, Bonnie A. Mallard, Soren Rosendal

Jay Reddy Publications

Yorkshire pigs have been bred for high (H) and low (L) immune response based on selection for multiple antibody (Ab) and cell mediated immune response traits. High responders have better production and larger litter size when compared with controls and low responders. The ability of high and low line pigs to resist M. hyorhinis infection has been tested. The high responders had more rapid and higher Ab response and the severity of the disease was less, as judged by clinical and postmortem signs. However, arthritis was found to be relatively more severe in high responders. We hypothesized that the immune …

The Effect Of Ingredient Processing And Diet Complexity On Growth Performance Of The Segregated Early-Weaned Pig (1996), K Hongtrakul, J R. Bergstrom, I H. Kim, W B. Nessmith, Robert D. Goodband, Keith C. Behnke, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 14-day growth trial was conducted to determine the interactive effects of ingredient processing and diet complexity on growth performance of segregated early-weaned pigs. Three processing combinations were used with either a simple or complex diet formulation in 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Diets were pelleted (control); the corn was moist-extruded, then the complete diet pelleted (extruded); or the complete diet was expanded then pelleted (expanded). An interaction was observed between ingredient processing and diet complexity. Pigs fed the control or extruded diets had improved growth performance as diet complexity increased. However, pigs fed the expanded diets showed little response …

Outdoor Pig Production In Western Australia. An On-Farm Study To Document Performance And Management Practices On Extensive Pig Farms., Roy Butler

All other publications

This paper presents data, collected between 1991 and 1995, relating to the management and performance of 10 extensive piggeries in the south west of Western Australia. The herd sizes varied from 15 to 73 sows and capital investment varied from $144 to $2,000 per sow. Labour costs also varied widely, from $84 to $996 per sow per year. Only 2 of the 10 herds exceeded the PigStats 95 average of 20.1 pigs weaned/sow/year. Pre-weaning mortality was high, and averaged 28.7%. Nine of the herds participated in the state Pig Health Monitoring Scheme and their pigs were inspected at slaughter to …

Effect Of Magnesium-Mica During Grazing And/Or Feedlot Phases On Performance Of Steers (1996), K.P. Coffey, F.K. Brazle, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two mixed breed steers (679 lb avg BW) grazing smooth bromegrass pastures for 112 days were fed 2.2 lb/day of either a control supplement (PC) or one containing .075 lb/day of magnesium-mica (PMM). Following the grazing period, steers were placed in a feedlot with pasture groups split such that two of the groups fed each pasture supplement were fed a control supplement (FC) and two groups were fed a supplement containing 10% magnesium-mica (FMM). Steers fed PMM tended to gain faster than those fed PC during the pasture phase (2.41 vs. 2.32 lb/day). Steers fed PMM had higher dressing percentage …

The Effects Of Supplementing Growing-Finishing Pig Diets With Carnitine And(Or) Chromium On Growth And Carcass Characteristics (1996), J W. Smith Ii, B T. Richert, K Q. Owen, J R. Bergstrom, W B. Nessmith Jr, S A. Blum, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 83 lb) were used to examine the effects of 50 ppm carnitine and(or) 200 ppb chromium from chromium nicotinate on growth performance and carcass characteristics. In this trial, adding carnitine and(or) chromiunm to the diets of high-lean growth finishing gilts did not increase carcass leanness. However, the combination of carnitine and chromium improved the color characteristics of the longissimus muscle.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1996

Effects Of Antibiotics On Shedding Of Salmonella Typhimurium In Experimentally Inoculated Pigs (1996), D R. Hyatt, J C. Galland, Jerome C. Nietfeld, C Irwin, C Davison, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this experiment was to determine if antibiotics used as feed additives and disease treatment for livestock affect duration of shedding and colonization of tissues with Salmonella typhimurium in pigs. No statistically significant difference was detected in duration or amount of shedding of S. typhimurium between pigs receiving antibiotics and control pigs. Antibiotics prevented colonization of tissues by S. typhimurium. The odds (OR= .02) of isolating S. typhimurium in at least one of four tissues examined were significantly less from pigs treated with antibiotics than from control pigs (two-tailed Fisher exact test, P= .009).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, …

Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Precooked, Ground Beef Patties (1996), S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Irradiation did not influence bitter, bloody, burnt, chemical, fat-like, juiciness, liver-like, beef identity, metallic, rancid, sour, sweet, and toughness flavor/textural attributes, beef aroma, or off-odor in precooked ground beef patties. Irradiation slightly increased the animal hair flavor note, but intensity levels were10% fat non-irradiated controls, reheated precooked patties had a slight sour, ammonia-like, top note. Irradiation at 3.5 kilograys (kGy) increased external redness in vacuum-packaged patties, but not in aerobic packages. Aerobic packaging with or without irradiation decreased external precooked redness. Oxidative rancidity increased when patties were irradiated in aerobic but not in vacuum packages. Reduction of oxygen in vacuum …

Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated, Raw, Ground Beef Patties (1996), S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Irradiation of raw ground beef patties had minimal effects on flavor and aroma of patties after cooking. Oxidative rancidity increased when patties were irradiated in aerobic but not in vacuum packages. Irradiation of vacuum-packaged ground beef patties produced a more stable color. In both packaging types, irradiation significantly reduced microbial growth during storage.

Sensory Traits, Color, And Shelf Life Of Low-Dose Irradiated Beef Steaks (1996), S.E. Luchsinger, Donald H. Kropf, C.M. Garc A Zepeda, James L. Marsden, Melvin C. Hunt, M.E. Hollingsworth, Sally L. Stroda, Edgar Chambers, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Irradiation had minimal effects on flavor and texture of frozen or chilled vacuum-packaged boneless beef steaks. A dose level of 3.5 kilograys (kGy) reduced beef aroma in chilled steaks. Irradiation did not influence internal or external cooked color, most raw color traits, cooking loss, pH, oxidative rancidity, or Warner-Bratzler shear force in chilled or frozen boneless steaks. PVC-wrapped controls were less red than irradiated steaks after 5 days of display. Exposure to oxygen by repackaging into oxygen-permeable film increased oxidative rancidity after display. Vacuum-packaging, in combination with irradiation, enables boneless beef steaks to be stored and/or displayed up to 28 …

Comparisons Among Crossbred Beef Cattle For Growth And Carcass Traits (1996), K.M. Andries, R.R. Schalles, D.E. Franke, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Data from 5 years of a long-term, rotational crossbreeding project were used to compare breeds for growth and carcass traits. The traits of interest were direct and maternal birth and weaning weights, gain on feed, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score, and slaughter age. Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Charolais, Simmental, and Gelbvieh breeds were involved. Simmental and Gelbvieh were used as terminal breeds, so maternal effects were not calculated for them. Brahman breeding caused an increased direct birth weight of the calves, but the maternal influence of Brahman decreased birth weight. No difference occurred in maternal weaning weight among the …

Pregnancy Rates In Heifers And Suckled Beef Cows After Synchronized Ovulation Using Pgf2a, Gnrh, And Norgestomet (1996), D.P. Hoffman, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, C.L. Krehbiel, David A. Nichols, R.M. Mckee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Suckled cows and virgin heifers received a novel treatment that included PGF 2", GnRH, and norgestomet, with the objective of inducing estrus in prepubertal heifers and anestrous suckled cows, as well as synchronizing ovulation in estrus-cycling females. The treatment consisted of two injections of PGF 2" (day 14 and 0) plus 100 Fg of GnRH and a 6-mg norgestomet ear implant on day 7. The implant was removed 24 h after the second injection of PGF2" (day 0), and a second injection of GnRH was given 30 hours after implant removal. The treated females were inseminated 18 hours after the …

Inheritance Of The "Rat-Tail" Syndrome (1996), R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A form of congenital hypotrichosis, commonly known as rat-tail, is characterized by the colored hair anywhere on the body being short, curly, malformed, and sometimes sparse and an abnormal tail switch. The "rat-tail" syndrome is controlled by interaction between two loci. Cattle that express this syndrome must have at least one gene for black color and be heterozygous at the other locus involved.

Assessing Nutrient Composition And Digestibility Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay (1996), R.C. Cochran, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Timothy J. Jones

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirteen steers were used in a 4 13 incomplete Latin square to determine chemical composition and digestibility for 13 samples of tallgrass prairie hay. Hays were collected from a variety of locations in east-central Kansas and represented a wide array of harvest dates and storage conditions. Steers were fed prairie hay and soybean meal at 1.5% and .2% of body weight, respectively, to equalize intakes relative to body weight and prevent degradable intake protein (DIP) from limiting extent of digestion. Prairie hay samples were analyze d for N, ADIN, ADF, NDF, ADIA, monosaccharides (sugars), and alkali-labile phenolic acids (lignin components). …

Agronomic And Silage Quality Traits Of Winter Cereals (1996), M.K. Siefers, G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, J.S. Pendergraft, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Agronomic and silage quality traits were examined for 12 winter cereals harvested at two stages of maturity. Forage dry matter (DM) yields were higher at the mid-dough than the early-heading stage. Post 90 barley had the highest whole-plant DM yield at the early-heading stage, and Presto triticale had the highest yield at the mid-dough stage. Newton wheat had the lowest whole-plant DM yield at both stages of maturity. The first cutting of all varieties originally was intended to be at the late-boot stage, but harvest was delayed by frequent rainfall and wet soils in May, and field-wilting conditions were less …