Life Sciences Commons^™

Relationships Among Food Insufficiency, Dietary Status Index, And Food Group Intake In Women Of Childbearing Age: Secondary Data Analysis Of Nhanes Iii, Mary Leigh Miller

Masters Theses

(From the Introduction)

The purpose of this research was to study women of childbearing age at different levels of food sufficiency and to examine differences in relationships between food group intake and DSI. Specifically, this study attempted to determine if intake of a particular food group relates to dietary status (DSI) differently when women experience food insufficiency compared to food sufficiency. Examination of such relationships serves as a foundation for appropriate, population-specific interventions, policy-making agendas, and further surveillance efforts which affect women of childbearing age and their families. The following text is a review of current literature on …

Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Is Not Required For The Modulation Of Ferritin And Transferrin Receptor Expression By Iron In A Murine Pro-B Lymphocyte Cell Line, Kevin Schalinske, Kenneth P. Blemings, Daniel W. Steffen, Opal S. Chen, Richard S. Eisenstein

Kevin Schalinske

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are cytoplasmic RNA binding proteins that are central components of a sensory and regulatory network that modulates vertebrate iron homeostasis. IRPs regulate iron metabolism by binding to iron responsive element(s) (IREs) in the 5* or 3* untranslated region of ferritin or transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNAs. Two IRPs, IRP1 and IRP2, have been identified previously. IRP1 exhibits two mutually exclusive functions as an RNA binding protein or as the cytosolic isoform of aconitase. We demonstrate that the BayF3 family of murine pro-B lymphocytes represents the first example of a mammalian cell line that fails to express IRP1 …

The Relationship Between Creativity And Leadership Traits Among Dietetic Professionals, Theresa Marie Cornelius

Masters Theses

The health care system is rapidly changing. In order to survive as a profession, dietetic professionals need to know about health care innovations and adapt to them. Leadership theories, such as transformational leadership may facilitate this adaptation. Transformational leaders are persuasive, creative, intuitive and have the ability to enhance these skills in others. This type of leadership facilitates organizational change and may be enhanced by creativity. Zemel and colleagues found that in Public Health Nutritionists the performance of both the innovator and broker roles were performed significantly less often than other leadership roles. These roles are paramount to dietetic professionals …

The Effect Of Growth Hormone Release On Plasma And Erythrocyte Selenium And Zinc Levels In Children, Maria Estela Legal De Reid

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Research studies have suggested that selenium may be important in the release of growth hormone, GH. A selenium-containing amino-acid residue, selenocysteine, has been identified as part of the active site of the three isoenzymes (Type I, II and III iodothyronine 5' -deiodinase) responsible for the synthesis of active thyroid hormone, T_3, which is reported to stimulate GH secretion. The importance of zinc in growth is well- documented because of its involvement in transcription and expression of GH and its intermediary, insulin growth factor I or IGF- I. Thus, selenium and zinc levels in plasma may be altered in response …

An Analysis Of The Calcium And Iron Intake Of Langston University's Track And Basketball Athletes, Dominique Patrice Moore

McCabe Thesis Collection

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA's ) reflect that the average healthy American aged 18-24 years should consume 1,200 mg of calcium daily and 10-12 mg and 15 mg of iron for men and women respectively. These RDA's have not been adjusted for those persons involved in endurance sports. Studies by Telford (1992) and Clarkson (1992) show that endurance athletes suffer from calcium and iron deficiencies. There is a general assumption that athletic coaches are more concerned with the "weigh in" of 4 athletes than overall nutrient requirements. Positive nutrition education should be part of the overall training of athletes. Also, studies …

Use Of A Self-Administered Food Frequency Questionnaire In A Population 65 Years And Older, Karri Lynn Hoyt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Little is known of the elderly's ability to use a food frequency questionnaire to describe their dietary intake. This study examines the elderly's ability to reliably describe their diets and how age, education, cognitive status, and gender may affect their ability to complete and return a food frequency questionnaire. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was tested by a repeated administration among 85 participants 65 years of age and older from the Preston, Idaho, area. Correlation coefficients between nutrient scores from the first and second administration ranged from 0.48-0.79 (total population), 0.44-0.88 (males), and 0.39-0.86 (females). Median values for the correlation …

Relationship Between Taste And Smell Sensitivity To Preference Of A Milk-Based Beverage: Young Versus Elderly Adults, Sally Donahoo Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With aging, there is a putative loss of taste and smell that may lead to decreased food enjoyment. We determined the relationships among age, detection, and recognition thresholds for taste and smell, and preference for flavored milk.

Ninety young (20-40 years) and 90 elderly (over 64 years) subjects evaluated chocolate mint-, lemon-, or strawberry-flavored milk. Detection and recognition thresholds were determined for sucrose and for the assigned flavor in milk systems. Sucrose was dissolved in milk, and flavors were dispersed in milk with flavor identification. Preference was determined using a 9-point hedonic scale to evaluate all combinations of five sucrose …

Relative Absorption Of Iron And Magnesium From Sulfate Salts, Amino Acid Chelates Complexed And/Or Mixed With Vegetables, And Taste-Free Supplements, Jennifer A. Bowden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Common methods for determining mineral absorption by the body are invasive and frequently utilize radioisotopes. In experiment one. rats were given a dose of radiolabeled ferrous sulfate. Relative absorption was estimated by changes in serum iron and by appearance of the radiotracer in the serum. There were no differences in relative absorption determined by the methods, although the low overall absorptions by the iron-replete rats may have decreased the sensitivity.

In experiments two and three. iron and magnesium supplements were given orally to 12 women age 19-25. Each subject received iron and magnesium supplements once each week for 5 weeks. …

A Study Of The Interactions Between Milk Proteins And Soy Proteins, Venkatachalam Narayanaswamy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research investigates the protein interactions that occur when soy protein is added to milk and subjected to renneting or heating. Milk was fortified with 20% soy protein and enzymic coagulation studied at 35°C at various pH's and CaCl₂ levels. The first part deals with the interaction between milk and soy proteins during rennet-induced milk coagulation. The first goal was to determine how soy proteins affected milk coagulation. The effects of native versus heat-denatured soy proteins on rennet coagulation time and curd firmness were compared. lmmunogold labeling along with transmission electron microscopy was used to identify and localfze soy …

Physiological Effects Of Chitosan And Chitorichtm On Rats Fed At Two Levels Of Lipid And Fiber, Hyung-Suk Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Chitin is a polysaccharide derived from the shell of crustaceans. Chitosan is a deacylated chitin derivative and ChitoRich™ is a chitosan-based formulation. Chitosan is known to inhibit dietary fat absorption. ChitoRich™ and chitosan were evaluated for their ability to control fat absorption in growing rats.

Forty-eight rats (about 150 g) were fed for 4 weeks on 12 different diets containing two levels of vegetable shortening (15 and 5%) and fiber (5 and 2.5%) with cellulose, chitosan, or ChitoRich™ as the dietary fiber sources.

Rats fed ChitoRich™ ate less and gained less body weight than rats fed the other fiber sources. …

Quantitation Of Bovine Serum Albumin In Cow's-Milk-Based Infant Formulas And Removal Of Bovine Serum Albumin From Cow's Milk And Whey Protein Isolates, Patricia Z. Marincic

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Early introduction of cow's-milk-based infant formulas, in particular the ABBOS epitope of bovine serum albumin (BSA), has been implicated as an autoimmune trigger in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), using polyclonal anti-BSA antibodies, was developed to determine the BSA content of cow's milk and 15 infant formulas. Powdered high-whey (60%) formulas averaged 41 mg BSA/100 ml; 2% milk contained 52 mg BSA/100 ml; and the high-casein formulas averaged 13 mg/100 ml. BSA content of powdered polymeric formulas and cow's milk varied directly with the whey protein concentration (correlation coefficient = 0.8445, …

A Quantitative Analysis Of Potassium Loss As A Result Of Different Processing Methods, Patricia M. Klefbeck

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Compliance with the strict dietary regimen for the dialysis patient can be very challenging. Many foods are limited from the diet of a renal patient because of the high potassium content. The physiological consequences of failure to follow a diet prescription can be fatal for the dialysis patient. In an effort to improve patient compliance with nutritional protocols, several potato cooking methods and centrifugation of tomato sauce were investigated for their effects in reducing potassium content.

All methods with a 24-hour soak were found to be significant in reducing potassium content of potatoes (P < 0.05). However, some of the methods in which the potatoes were not soaked were also found to be effective in reducing potassium content. Slice thickness and volume of cooking water used were found to be two important factors in determining potassium loss. The 4-mm sliced potatoes, which had a mean potassium value of 84 mg/100 g, lost more potassium than the 8-mm potatoes with a mean potassium value of 182 mg/100 g (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the potatoes cooked in 10 times the amount of water lost more potassium (124 mg/100 g) than those cooked in only 5 times the amount of water (148 mg/100 g) (P < .005). Soaking in cold versus hot water, agitation of the soak water, or the addition of chemical chelators to the soak water were not shown to be any more effective in reducing the potassium content than the other methods. Sensory data indicated that participants did not have a strong taste preference for potatoes cooked by any one particular method (P < 0.05).

Centrifugation of …

The National School Lunch Program, Katherine M. Hadley

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In 1946, President Harry Truman signed the National School Lunch Act which recently celebrated its 50th anniversary (1). It was established by congress "to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation's children" (2). The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federally assisted meal program that is functioning in more than 94,000 public and nonprofit private schools. Lunches through the NSLP are served to more than 25 million school children each day.

Isolation And Biochemical Characterization Of Acid- And Bile- Tolerant Strains Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Lan-Szu Chou

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported to be used as a health adjunct in food for u many years. However, these health benefits have not been proven. and how these bacteria pass through the digestion process and remain viable in the human intestinal tract is still not clear. The aim of this work was to isolate mutants from Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium bifidum that could tolerate the conditions of the digestion process (low pH and bile conduction) and to characterize these isolated mutants.

Acid- and bile-tolerant mutants of L. acidophilus were isolated from parental strains successfully using natural selection techniques. …

Ingredient Substitution, Georgia C. Lauritzen Ph. D.

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication provides ingredient substitutions and equivalent measurements for cooking purposes.

Dietary Intakes From Rural, Community-Based Elderly As A Determinant Of Food Availability, Kelli Jo Hall

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The fact that people are living longer has heightened awareness of the elderly and many of their special needs. Due to this trend, experts have begun to more closely investigate caloric and nutrient needs of the elderly as well as factors that may alter dietary intake. Forty-two older persons in Lincoln County, West Virginia agreed to participate in research designed to explore the relationship between dietary intake and food availability among rural, community-based elderly. Participants completed a 38 item telephone questionnaire which provided information on demographics, grocery shopping habits, and dietary intakes. A second survey addressed food availability at all …

1996 Wild Blueberry Csrees Progress Reports/1996 Wild Blueberry Tax Reports, Alfred A. Bushway, Richard Work, Robert Stark, Huanli Zhang, Mary Ellen Camire, Susan Cheney, Rodney J. Bushway, L Brian Perkins, Frank A. Drummond, Constance S. Stubbs, Judith A. Collins, Paul E. Capiello, John M. Smagula, Scott Dunham, Walter Litten, David E. Yarborough, John Jemison, Timothy M. Hess, David Lambert

Wild Blueberry Research Reports

The 1996 edition of the Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports/Wild Blueberry Tax Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:

Wild Blueberry CSREES Progress Reports:

1. Factors affecting the quality of Individually Quick Frozen (IQF) wild blueberries

2. Factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of IQF wild blueberries

3. Preventing the bleeding of blueberry fruit in bakery products

4. Amylase test development

5. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed wild blueberries

6. …

Vitamin A Content In Preparations Of Plant Foods With The Highest Consumption In The Beneficiary Communities Of The Benson Institute, Ana Luisa Méndez Hernández

Theses and Dissertations

One of the main nutrient deficiencies in Guatemala is vitamin A, mainly in pregnant women and children under the age of five. The consumption of plant material can improve vitamin A ingestion levels. It is necessary to research consumption frequency and preparation methods of the most commonly available plant materials, as well as the vitamin A content of these plant materials. This research took place in San Juan Ermita, Chiquimula in the communities of Chancó, Corral de Piedra, and Salitrón. The results demonstrated that the most commonly consumed plant material preparations were mulberry soup, chatate soup, toasted maize soup, chipilin …