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Articles 1 - 30 of 103
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Land Of Meat And Potatoes? Exploring Ireland’S Vegan And Vegetarian Foodscape, Corey Lee Wrenn
The Land Of Meat And Potatoes? Exploring Ireland’S Vegan And Vegetarian Foodscape, Corey Lee Wrenn
Corey Lee Wrenn, PhD
While it would not be accurate to suggest that Ireland is a hub of veganism or vegetarianism, too often it is written off as inherently unsympathetic to the ethics of plant-based eating and anti-speciesist politics. While it is true that Irish culture is historically tied to speciesism and its economy is especially dependent upon “meat” and dairy production, Ireland’s relationship with other animals is complex and sometimes forgiving. This essay seeks to bring shape to the Irish vegan ethic, one that can be traced along its history of animism, agrarianism, ascendency, adaptation, and activism. From its pagan roots to its …
Socio-Ecological Barriers To Dry Grain Pulse Consumption Among Low-Income Women: A Mixed Methods Approach, Shelly M. Palmer, Donna M. Winham, Ann M. Oberhauser, Ruth E. Litchfield
Socio-Ecological Barriers To Dry Grain Pulse Consumption Among Low-Income Women: A Mixed Methods Approach, Shelly M. Palmer, Donna M. Winham, Ann M. Oberhauser, Ruth E. Litchfield
Ann Oberhauser
The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-ecological influences on dry grain pulse consumption (beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas) among low-socioeconomic women in Iowa. Seven focus groups were conducted, with 36 women who qualified for income-based federal assistance. Data were collected from October 2017 to January 2018. Participants completed a survey that gathered individual demographics, assessed perceptions of dry grain pulses, and level of food security. Fifty-eight percent of the women were non-Hispanic white, and 39% were African American, all with an average age of 34.7 years. Thirty-three percent of the women consumed pulses less than once per week. …
Vegetarian Versus Meat-Based Diets For Companion Animals, Andrew Knight, Madelaine Leitsberger
Vegetarian Versus Meat-Based Diets For Companion Animals, Andrew Knight, Madelaine Leitsberger
Andrew Knight, PhD
Companion animal owners are increasingly concerned about the links between degenerative health conditions, farm animal welfare problems, environmental degradation, fertilizers and herbicides, climate change, and causative factors; such as animal farming and the consumption of animal products. Accordingly, many owners are increasingly interested in vegetarian diets for themselves and their companion animals. However, are vegetarian canine and feline diets nutritious and safe? Four studies assessing the nutritional soundness of these diets were reviewed, and manufacturer responses to the most recent studies are provided. Additional reviewed studies examined the nutritional soundness of commercial meat-based diets and the health status of cats …
Whole Egg Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity In Rat Model Of Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Cassondra J. Saande, Megan A. Steffes, Joseph L. Webb, Rudy J. Valentine, Matthew J. Rowling, Kevin Schalinske
Whole Egg Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity In Rat Model Of Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Cassondra J. Saande, Megan A. Steffes, Joseph L. Webb, Rudy J. Valentine, Matthew J. Rowling, Kevin Schalinske
Rudy Valentine
Background: The literature regarding the relation between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and there is limited evidence pertaining to the impact of egg consumption on measures of insulin sensitivity. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary whole egg on metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance in T2D rats. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cdn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cdn/nzz015/5374517 by Iowa State University user on 28 March 2019 Methods: Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n=12; 6 wk of age) and their lean controls (n=12; 6 wk of age) were randomly assigned to a casein- or whole egg-based diet. At …
Health And Fitness Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Toward Dietary Supplements., Gina H. Blunt, Kristi M. King
Health And Fitness Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Toward Dietary Supplements., Gina H. Blunt, Kristi M. King
Kristi King
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On The Iron Status Of College Athletes, Jocelyn Johnson, Danielle Burke, Matthew Vukovich, Kendra Kattelmann
The Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On The Iron Status Of College Athletes, Jocelyn Johnson, Danielle Burke, Matthew Vukovich, Kendra Kattelmann
Matthew Vukovich
The purpose of this study was to determine whether weekly supplementation with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks could maintain the iron status of college endurance athletes. Thirty-four college endurance athletes (20 female, 14 male) were stratified by sex, baseline serum ferritin concentration, and use of iron supplements, and randomized into an intervention (n = 18) or control (n = 16) group. The participants in the intervention group supplemented their usual diet with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks per week and a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement containing 18 mg iron. The participants in the control group consumed their …
Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On Iron Status, Body Composition And Performance Of Collegiate Distance Runners, Danielle E. Burke, Jocelyn V. Johnson, Matthew D. Vukovich, Kendra K. Kattelmann 6884045
Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On Iron Status, Body Composition And Performance Of Collegiate Distance Runners, Danielle E. Burke, Jocelyn V. Johnson, Matthew D. Vukovich, Kendra K. Kattelmann 6884045
Matthew Vukovich
Iron deficiency is prevalent among endurance athletes, particularly females. Low iron may compromise oxygen delivery and physical performance. Vegetarianism, desire for convenience, and perceived health risks associated with red meat contribute to low bioavailable iron intakes. The purpose of this study was to examine if lean beef supplementation would maintain iron status, improve body composition and increase performance of distance runners after 8 weeks. Twenty-eight (14 female) Division-I cross-country runners were stratified by iron status, use of iron supplements, and gender, and randomized into a control (n = 14) and intervention group. All participants maintained their typical diet and consumed …
The Effect Of Six Days Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Performance In Trained Crossfit Athletes, Samuel J. Kramer, Daniel A. Baur, Maria T. Spicer, Matthew D. Vukovich
The Effect Of Six Days Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Performance In Trained Crossfit Athletes, Samuel J. Kramer, Daniel A. Baur, Maria T. Spicer, Matthew D. Vukovich
Matthew Vukovich
Background: While it is well established that dietary nitrate reduces the metabolic cost of exercise, recent evidence suggests this effect is maintained 24 h following the final nitrate dose when plasma nitrite levels have returned to baseline. In addition, acute dietary nitrate was recently reported to enhance peak power production. Our purpose was to examine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced peak power 24 h following the final dose and if this impacted performance in a heavily power-dependent sport. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, maximal aerobic capacity, body composition, strength, maximal power (30 s Wingate), endurance (2 km …
Veganism As An Aspiration, Lori Gruen, Robert C. Jones
Veganism As An Aspiration, Lori Gruen, Robert C. Jones
Robert C. Jones, PhD
iven the violence, objectification, domination, commodification, and oppression inherent in industrialized food production, some conscientious consumers have adopted vegan practices. This chapter discusses two conceptions of veganism, lifestyle/identity veganism, VI, and veganism as a goal/aspiration, VA. It argues that due to conceptual and practical flaws with VI, conscientious consumers should adopt VA. It considers and rejects the so-called compassionate carnivore movement. It then explores arguments denying the casual efficacy of adopting any form of veganism. It concludes that VA can make a difference, and those in consumer cultures are obligated to adopt and practice it.
Skeptics And “The White Stuff” : Promotion Of Cows’ Milk And Other Nonhuman Animal Products In The Skeptic Community As Normative Whiteness, Corey Lee Wrenn
Skeptics And “The White Stuff” : Promotion Of Cows’ Milk And Other Nonhuman Animal Products In The Skeptic Community As Normative Whiteness, Corey Lee Wrenn
Corey Lee Wrenn, PhD
This article discusses a dairy advertising campaign featuring skeptic Derren Brown. I explore the various health claims made in the ads as well as a report Brown featured on his website that claimed consumption of cow’s milk is linked to longevity. I discuss how dairy consumption is largely linked to race and ethnicity. It is a practice enjoyed primarily by European whites as most nonwhites are lactose intolerant. Lactose intolerance is a normal biological process associated with weaning, but it is medicalized and made deviant because it is not part of the white experience. I also mention comments made by …
Changes In Dietary Patterns And Body Composition Within 12 Months Of Liver Transplantation, Mccoy Simone, Katrina Campbell, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Matthew P. Wallen, Jonathan Fawcett, Maree Jarrett, Graeme A. Macdonald, Ingrid J. Hickman
Changes In Dietary Patterns And Body Composition Within 12 Months Of Liver Transplantation, Mccoy Simone, Katrina Campbell, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Matthew P. Wallen, Jonathan Fawcett, Maree Jarrett, Graeme A. Macdonald, Ingrid J. Hickman
Katrina Campbell
Background:
Cardiometabolic risk factors are increasing in liver transplant recipients (LTR). Influencing dietary factors have not been assessed. The aim of this observational study was to assess changes in weight, metabolic function, dietary intake and eating behaviours in the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).
Methods:
Consecutive recruitment of 17 patients (14 males) awaiting OLT at a single tertiary hospital. Dietary intake, food behaviours and anthropometry were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 months post-transplant.
Results:
By 12 months, patients had gained on average 7.3% of body weight. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from baseline 53% …
Dietary Fibre Modification In The Recovery And Prevention Of Reoccurrence Of Acute, Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Camilla Dahl, Megan Crichton, Julie Jenkins, Romina Nucera, Sophie Mahoney, Skye Marshall
Dietary Fibre Modification In The Recovery And Prevention Of Reoccurrence Of Acute, Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Camilla Dahl, Megan Crichton, Julie Jenkins, Romina Nucera, Sophie Mahoney, Skye Marshall
Skye Marshall
Title on the Conference Program:
"The effect of dietary fibre modification and bowel rest on patient and health care outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis"
Effectiveness Of Gluten-Free And Casein-Free Diets For Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Research Synthesis, Jie Zhang, Michael R. Mayton, John J. Wheeler
Effectiveness Of Gluten-Free And Casein-Free Diets For Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Research Synthesis, Jie Zhang, Michael R. Mayton, John J. Wheeler
John J. Wheeler
In order to better assist practitioners and better serve persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families, it is vital for professionals to systematically evaluate the existing body of literature and synthesize its scientific evidence, so that the efficacy of research can be translated to evidence-based practices (EBPs) (Wheeler, 2007; Zhang & Wheeler, 2011). This research synthesis evaluated adherence to EBP standards and analyzed the effectiveness of gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diets for individuals with ASD. Four hundred and seventy articles were screened among peer-reviewed journals in English language published through 2010 using the Academic Search Complete search database. …
Dietary Patterns And Their Association With Hypertension Among Pakistani Urban Adults, Nilofer F. Safdar, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Lorraine Cordeiro, Tazeen H. Jafar, Nancy L. Cohen
Dietary Patterns And Their Association With Hypertension Among Pakistani Urban Adults, Nilofer F. Safdar, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Lorraine Cordeiro, Tazeen H. Jafar, Nancy L. Cohen
Lorraine Cordeiro
Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting more than 25% of adults worldwide. In Pakistan, 33% of the adult population suffers from hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the critical role of dietary patterns in the causation, prevention and management of hypertension. There’s a dearth of evidence from South Asia in this regard. The present study aimed to identify the association between dietary patterns and hypertension among 4304 low income urban adults who participated in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study in Karachi, Pakistan. Dietary information was collected by a 33- item food …
The Malnutrition Screening Tool In Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Comparison Of Validity When Completed By Health Professionals With And Without Malnutrition Screening Training Has Implications For Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
The Malnutrition Screening Tool In Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Comparison Of Validity When Completed By Health Professionals With And Without Malnutrition Screening Training Has Implications For Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Liz Isenring
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Skye Marshall
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring
Ekta Agarwal
Why Is The Skeleton Still In The Hospital Closet? A Look At The Complex Aetiology Of Protein-Energy Malnutrition And Its Implications For The Nutrition Care Team, Skye Marshall
Skye Marshall
Exploring The Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives And Social-Cognitive Factors On Dietary Intake, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Josh Keller, Emma Majchrzak
Exploring The Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives And Social-Cognitive Factors On Dietary Intake, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Josh Keller, Emma Majchrzak
Diana Cuy Castellanos
Food insecurity and poor dietary consumption continue to impact low-income populations in the U.S. However, communities are developing ways to address it at the local level. Community Food Security Initiatives (CFSI) focus on increasing a sustainable, healthy food supply and food system while addressing food insecurity and dietary quality within a community.
The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) explore CFSIs in low-income areas in a metropolitan Midwest city and (2) examine the effects of the initiatives along with other social-cognitive factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in persons participating in local CFSIs.
This was a mixed-methods study. First, …
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd
Franklin D. Shuler
Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of …
Quality Nutrition: A Review Of Intervention Evidence In Rac, Ekta Agarwal, Skye Marshall, Michelle Miller, Elizabeth Isenring
Quality Nutrition: A Review Of Intervention Evidence In Rac, Ekta Agarwal, Skye Marshall, Michelle Miller, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
The extraordinarily high prevalence of malnutrition (up to 70%) in residential aged care (RAC) is alarming, as it is strongly associated with poor quality of life, poor resident outcomes and increased aged care costs. Consequently, “improving nutrition” is one of the principal research priorities in RAC. To identify effective nutrition interventions in RAC and to suggest future directions for practice and research we compiled a narrative literature review by searching four databases in November 2015
Responsibility And Quality Of Life: Nutritionrelated Roles Of Family Carers Superheros, Skye Marshall, Dianne P Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
Responsibility And Quality Of Life: Nutritionrelated Roles Of Family Carers Superheros, Skye Marshall, Dianne P Reidlinger, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
In order to help support malnourished older rehabilitation patients and their family carers, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Four female carers (n=2 daughters, n=2 wives) were interviewed during their loved ones rehabilitation admission and again two weeks after discharge. The semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed by three researchers, all Accredited Practising Dietitians. A series of “super-themes” relevant to the research question were agreed upon and discussed.
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Rae Thomas
Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger
Liz Isenring
Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …
Malnourished Older Adults With Informal Caregivers Admitted To Rural Rehabilitation Units Remain Malnourished During And After Rehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study Of Current Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Malnourished Older Adults With Informal Caregivers Admitted To Rural Rehabilitation Units Remain Malnourished During And After Rehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study Of Current Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
Understanding the nutritional journey older adults make from rehabilitation to home may help to engage and support the patient and their informal caregiver during this process. This study aimed to determine the change in nutritional status, physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst malnourished older adults (≥65years) with informal caregivers admitted to rural rehabilitation and 12 weeks post-discharge to the community.
Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
No abstract provided.
Malnourished Older Adults Admitted To Rehabilitation In Rural New South Wales Remain Malnourished Throughout Rehabilitation And Once Discharged Back To The Community: A Prospective Cohort Study, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Malnourished Older Adults Admitted To Rehabilitation In Rural New South Wales Remain Malnourished Throughout Rehabilitation And Once Discharged Back To The Community: A Prospective Cohort Study, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring
Skye Marshall
No abstract provided.
Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Liz Isenring
Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Liz Isenring
Skye Marshall
There is strong evidence showing malnutrition is under-recognized and underdiagnosed in the rehabilitation setting. Accurate identification and management of malnutrition is essential so that patient outcomes may be improved and resources used efficaciously.The Scored PG-SGA and MNA require evaluation of their validity in diagnosing malnutrition in rehabilitation. In addition, the prevalence of malnutrition and associated patient outcomes in rural Australian populations has not been reported.
“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being, Kenneth J. Shapiro
“I Am A Vegetarian”: Reflections On A Way Of Being, Kenneth J. Shapiro
Kenneth J. Shapiro, PhD
Employing a qualitative method adapted from phenomenological psychology, the paper presents a socio-psychological portrait of a vegetarian. Descriptives are a product of the author’s reflection on (dialogue with) empirical findings and published personal accounts, interviews, and case studies. The paper provides evidence for the hypothesis that vegetarianism is a way of being. This way of experiencing and living in the world is associated with particular forms of relationship to self, to other animals and nature, and to other people. The achievement of this way of being, particularly in the interpersonal sphere, comprises an initial, a transitional, and a crystallizing phase …