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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Inhibition Of Axonal Growth By Brefeldin A In Hippocampal Neurons In Culture, Mark Jareb, Gary Banker
Inhibition Of Axonal Growth By Brefeldin A In Hippocampal Neurons In Culture, Mark Jareb, Gary Banker
Biology Faculty Publications
The outgrowth of neuronal processes involves a great increase in the surface area of the cell. The supply of membrane material necessarily must be coordinated with the demands for neurite growth. The selective growth of only one or two neurites at any given time during the development of polarity raises the possibility that the production of materials by the soma is limiting for growth (Dotti and Banker, 1987; Dotti et al., 1988; Goslin and Banker, 1990). To examine the role of the availability of membrane components during the development of polarity and axonal elongation, we treated neurons with brefeldin A, …
The Interaction Between Cytoplasmic Dynein And Dynactin Is Required For Fast Axonal Transport, Clare M. Waterman-Storer, Sher B. Karki, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, Joel S. Tabb, Dieter G. Weiss, George M. Langford, Erika L. F. Holzbaur
The Interaction Between Cytoplasmic Dynein And Dynactin Is Required For Fast Axonal Transport, Clare M. Waterman-Storer, Sher B. Karki, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, Joel S. Tabb, Dieter G. Weiss, George M. Langford, Erika L. F. Holzbaur
Dartmouth Scholarship
Fast axonal transport is characterized by the bidirectional, microtubule-based movement of membranous organelles. Cytoplasmic dynein is necessary but not sufficient for retrograde transport directed from the synapse to the cell body. Dynactin is a heteromultimeric protein complex, enriched in neurons, that binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. To determine whether dynactin is required for retrograde axonal transport, we examined the effects of anti-dynactin antibodies on organelle transport in extruded axoplasm. Treatment of axoplasm with antibodies to the p150(Glued) subunit of dynactin resulted in a significant decrease in the velocity of microtubule-based organelle transport, with many organelles bound along microtubules. …
Head Direction Cells And Episodic Spatial Information In Rats Without A Hippocampus, Edward J. Golob, Jeffrey S. Taube
Head Direction Cells And Episodic Spatial Information In Rats Without A Hippocampus, Edward J. Golob, Jeffrey S. Taube
Dartmouth Scholarship
To successfully navigate through the environment animals rely on information concerning their directional heading and location. Many cells within the postsubiculum and anterior thalamus discharge as a function of the animal’s head direction (HD), while many cells in the hippocampus discharge in relation to the animal’s location. We placed lesions in the hippocampus and recorded from HD cells in the postsubiculum and anterior thalamus. Lesions of the hippocampus did not disrupt the HD cell signal in either brain area, indicating that the HD cell signal must be generated by structures external to the hippocampus. In addition, each cell’s preferred firing …
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Of The Prefrontal Cortex Delays Contralateral Endogenous Saccades, Tony Ro, Avishai Henik, Liana Machado, Robert D. Rafal
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Of The Prefrontal Cortex Delays Contralateral Endogenous Saccades, Tony Ro, Avishai Henik, Liana Machado, Robert D. Rafal
Publications and Research
The contributions of the superior prefrontal cortex (SPFC) and the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in generating voluntary endogenous and reflexive visually guided saccades were investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Subjects made choice saccades to the left or right visual field in response to a central arrowhead (endogenous go signal) or a peripheral asterisk (exogenous go signal) that were presented along with a single TMS pulse at varying temporal intervals. TMS over the SPFC increased latencies for saccades made in response to an endogenous go signal toward the contralateral hemifield. No effects were observed when the go signal was exogenous …
The Effects Of Estrogen On Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons, Sheila A. Scoville
The Effects Of Estrogen On Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons, Sheila A. Scoville
Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences
Skin sensation is mediated by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Data indicates that skin sensitivity in female rats is estrogen-dependent. Some DRG neurons have estrogen receptors (ERs) which are regulated by estrogen. In these cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) and estrogen receptors colocalize. Regulation of NGF receptors and neuronal sensitivity to NGF may allow estrogen to regulate NGF-dependent genes. The goals of the present study were to determine which DRG neurons express the ER gene and to analyze the effects of long-term estrogen administration on the interrelated expression of tyrosine kinase A (trkA), preprotachykinin (PPT), and 68kD neurofilament (NF) genes …
Genes That Guide Growth Cones Along The C. Elegans Ventral Nerve Cord, Bruce Wightman, Renee Baran, Gian Garriga
Genes That Guide Growth Cones Along The C. Elegans Ventral Nerve Cord, Bruce Wightman, Renee Baran, Gian Garriga
Renee Baran
During nervous system development, growth cone pioneering and fasciculation contribute to nerve bundle structure. Pioneer growth cones initially navigate along neuroglia to establish an axon scaffold that guides later extending growth cones. In C. elegans, the growth cone of the PVPR neuron pioneers the left ventral nerve cord bundle, providing a path for the embryonic extensions of the PVQL and AVKR growth cones. Later during larval development, the HSNL growth cone follows cues in the left ventral nerve cord bundle provided by the PVPR and PVQL axons. Here we show that mutations in the genes enu-1, fax-1, unc-3, unc-30, unc-42 …
Neuronal Adaptations To Changes In The Social Dominance Status Of Crayfish, Shih-Rung Yeh, Barbara E. Musolf, Donald H. Edwards
Neuronal Adaptations To Changes In The Social Dominance Status Of Crayfish, Shih-Rung Yeh, Barbara E. Musolf, Donald H. Edwards
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
The effect of superfused serotonin (5-HT; 50 mM) on the synaptic responses of the lateral giant (LG) interneuron in crayfish was found to depend on the social status of the animal. In socially isolated animals, 5-HT persistently increased the response of LG to sensory nerve shock. After social isolates were paired in a small cage, they fought and determined their dominant and subordinate status. After 12 d of pairing, 5-HT reversibly inhibited the response of LG in the social subordinate and reversibly increased the response of LG in the social dominant crayfish. The effect of 5-HT changed approximately linearly from …
N-Methylation Of Beta-Carbolines As A Potential Bioactivation Route In Parkinson's Disease, Debra Ann Gearhart
N-Methylation Of Beta-Carbolines As A Potential Bioactivation Route In Parkinson's Disease, Debra Ann Gearhart
Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski
Method To Correct The Voxel Size In Press Localized Nmr Stereoscopy, Diana M. Lindquist, Roger M. Hawk, Richard A. Komoroski
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Two techniques commonly used on human magnetic resonance spectroscopy systems to obtain spectra from localized volumes in the brain are point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectroscopy. PRESS gives a signal twice as large as that obtained with STEAM, but suffers from longer minimum echo times. While STEAM must be used to detect species with short spin-spin relaxation times, PRESS can be used for species with longer relaxation times to give a spectrum with a better signal to noise ratio. Only STEAM was provided for the GE Omega 4.7 T small animal imager used in this …
Schizophrenia: An Integrative Study Of Biological Liabilities And Neurological Causes, Daniel J. Knoblach
Schizophrenia: An Integrative Study Of Biological Liabilities And Neurological Causes, Daniel J. Knoblach
Honors Theses, 1963-2015
Society has become increasingly aware of the frustrating and confusing disorders that can result when the brain loses control of its intricate mechanisms. One such disorder that continues to baffle experts is schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a serious thought disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions that disrupts a person's perception of the world into one of tormenting psychotic experience. Schizophrenia results from a variety of complex causes with each possibly contributing something to the disorder. A multifactorial threshold model explains causation by demonstrating that a sum of biological liabilities (genetics and prenatal developmental problems) may take …
The Brain As A Symbol-Processing Machine., Armando F. Rocha
The Brain As A Symbol-Processing Machine., Armando F. Rocha
Armando F Rocha
The knowledge accumulated about the biochemistry of the synapsis in the last decades completely changes the notion of brain processing founded exclusively over an electrical mechanism, toward that supported by a complex chemical message exchange occurring both locally, at the synaptic site, as well as at other localities, depending on the solubility of the involved chemical substances in the extracellular compartment. These biochemical transactions support a rich symbolic processing of the information both encoded by the genes and provided by actual data collected from the surrounding environment, by means of either special molecular or cellular receptor systems. In this processing, …
Methods Of Identifying The Avian Repellent Effects Of A Compound And Methods Of Repelling Birds From Materials Susceptible To Consumption By Birds, Larry Clark
Larry Clark
No abstract provided.
Law And Biology: Toward An Integrated Model Of Human Behavior, Owen D. Jones
Law And Biology: Toward An Integrated Model Of Human Behavior, Owen D. Jones
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
As first year law students unhappily discover, the meaning of "law" is frustratingly protean, shifting by usage and user. Depending on whom you ask, law is a system of rules, a body of precedents, a legislative enactment, a collection of norms, a process by which social goals are pursued, or some dynamic mixture of these. Law's principal purpose is to define and protect individual rights, to ensure public order, to resolve disputes, to redistribute wealth, to dispense justice, to prevent or compensate for injury, to optimize economic efficiency, or perhaps to do something else. And yet one thing is irreducibly …
Neuropsychological Correlates Of Syndromes Of Schizophrenia, Preston Scott Eckman
Neuropsychological Correlates Of Syndromes Of Schizophrenia, Preston Scott Eckman
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Anxiety Sensitivity And Panic Among College Students: Cognition, Emotion, And Somatic Symptoms, Carla Lynn Messenger
Anxiety Sensitivity And Panic Among College Students: Cognition, Emotion, And Somatic Symptoms, Carla Lynn Messenger
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Aphasic Sentence Comprehension As A Resource Deficit: A Computational Approach, Henk J. Haarmann, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter
Aphasic Sentence Comprehension As A Resource Deficit: A Computational Approach, Henk J. Haarmann, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.