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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Bipolar Cells Contribute To Nonlinear Spatial Summation In The Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell In Mammalian Retina, Jonathan B. Demb, Kareem Zaghloul, Loren Haarsma, Peter Sterling
Bipolar Cells Contribute To Nonlinear Spatial Summation In The Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell In Mammalian Retina, Jonathan B. Demb, Kareem Zaghloul, Loren Haarsma, Peter Sterling
University Faculty Publications and Creative Works
The receptive field of the Y-ganglion cell comprises two excitatory mechanisms: one integrates linearly over a narrow field, and the other integrates nonlinearly over a wide field. The linear mechanism has been attributed to input from bipolar cells, and the nonlinear mechanism has been attributed to input from a class of amacrine cells whose nonlinear "subunits" extend across the linear receptive field and beyond. However, the central component of the nonlinear mechanism could in theory be driven by bipolar input if that input were rectified. Recording intracellularly from the Y-cell in guinea pig retina, we blocked the peripheral component of …
Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal
Ipsilesional Biases In Saccades But Not Perception After Lesions Of The Human Inferior Parietal Lobule, Tony Ro, Chris Rorden, Jon Driver, Robert Rafal
Publications and Research
We examined the effects of chronic unilateral lesions to either the inferior parietal lobe, or to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), upon human visual perception and saccades in temporal-order-judgment (TOJ) tasks. Two visual events were presented on each trial, one in each hemifield at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In the saccade task, patients moved their eyes to whichever stimulus attracted gaze first. In the perceptual-manual task, they pressed a button to indicate which stimulus was perceived first. Frontal patients showed appropriate TOJs for visual targets in both tasks. Parietal patients showed appropriate TOJs in …
Synaptic Heterogeneity And Stimulus-Induced Modulation Of Depression In Central Synapses, John D. Hunter, John Milton
Synaptic Heterogeneity And Stimulus-Induced Modulation Of Depression In Central Synapses, John D. Hunter, John Milton
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
Short-term plasticity is a pervasive feature of synapses. Synapses exhibit many forms of plasticity operating over a range of time scales. We develop an optimization method that allows rapid characterization of synapses with multiple time scales of facilitation and depression. Investigation of paired neurons that are postsynaptic to the same identified interneuron in the buccal ganglion of Aplysia reveals that the responses of the two neurons differ in the magnitude of synaptic depression. Also, for single neurons, prolonged stimulation of the presynaptic neuron causes stimulus-induced increases in the early phase of synaptic depression. These observations can be described by a …
Dual And Opposing Modulatory Effects Of Serotonin On Crayfish Lateral Giant Escape Command Neurons, Terri Teshiba, Ashkan Shamsian, Bahram Yashar, Shih-Rung Yeh, Donald H. Edwards, Franklin B. Krasne
Dual And Opposing Modulatory Effects Of Serotonin On Crayfish Lateral Giant Escape Command Neurons, Terri Teshiba, Ashkan Shamsian, Bahram Yashar, Shih-Rung Yeh, Donald H. Edwards, Franklin B. Krasne
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
Serotonin modulates afferent synaptic transmission to the lateral giant neurons of crayfish, which are command neurons for escape behavior. Low concentrations, or high concentrations reached gradually, are facilitatory, whereas high concentrations reached rapidly are inhibitory. The modulatory effects rapidly reverse after brief periods of application, whereas longer periods of application are followed by facilitation that persists for hours. These effects of serotonin can be reproduced by models that involve multiple interacting intracellular signaling systems that are each stimulated by serotonin. The dependence of the neuromodulatory effect on dose, rate, and duration of modulator application may be relevant to understanding the …
Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive High-Frequency Burst Firing In Supragranular Cortical Neurons, Joshua C. Brumberg, Lionel G. Nowak, David A. Mccormick
Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Repetitive High-Frequency Burst Firing In Supragranular Cortical Neurons, Joshua C. Brumberg, Lionel G. Nowak, David A. Mccormick
Publications and Research
Neocortical neurons in awake, behaving animals can generate high-frequency (.300 Hz) bursts of action potentials, either in single bursts or in a repetitive manner. Intracellular recordings of layer II/III pyramidal neurons were obtained from adult ferret visual cortical slices maintained in vitro to investigate the ionic mechanisms by which a subgroup of these cells generates repetitive, high-frequency burst discharges, a pattern referred to as “chattering.” The generation of each but the first action potential in a burst was dependent on the critical interplay between the afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) and afterdepolarizations (ADPs) that followed each action potential. The spike after depolarization and …
Patterns Of Neural Circuit Activation And Behavior During Dominance Hierarchy Formation In Freely Behaving Crayfish, Jens Herberholz, Fadi A. Issa, Donald H. Edwards
Patterns Of Neural Circuit Activation And Behavior During Dominance Hierarchy Formation In Freely Behaving Crayfish, Jens Herberholz, Fadi A. Issa, Donald H. Edwards
Neuroscience Institute Faculty Publications
Creation of a dominance hierarchy within a population of animals typically involves a period of agonistic activity in which winning and losing decide relative positions in the hierarchy. Among crayfish, fighting between size-matched animals leads to an abrupt change of behavior as the new subordinate retreats and escapes from the attacks and approaches of the dominant (Issa et al., 1999). We used high-speed videography and electrical recordings of aquarium field potentials to monitor the release of aggressive and defensive behavior, including the activation of neural circuits for four different tail-flip behaviors. We found that the sequence of tail-flip circuit excitation …
A Twins Study Of Communicative Adaptability: Heritability Of Individual Differences, Michael J. Beatty, Lenora A. Marshall, Jill E. Rudd
A Twins Study Of Communicative Adaptability: Heritability Of Individual Differences, Michael J. Beatty, Lenora A. Marshall, Jill E. Rudd
Communication Faculty Publications
Recently, a model of communication theory and research has appeared in the literature within which stable individual differences in communication behavior represent individual differences in activation thresholds of neurobiological systems. The neurobiological systems thought to underly communication traits and behavior are assumed to be primarily due to genetic inheritance. As such, the model assigns a limited role to adaptability in social situations, instead positing communication adaptability as an inherited trait. In the present study, heritability estimates for the dimensions of communicative adaptability were derived from correlations based on identical and fraternal twins' responses to a multidimensional communicative adaptability measure. Results …
Evolutionary Analysis In Law: Some Objections Considered, Owen D. Jones
Evolutionary Analysis In Law: Some Objections Considered, Owen D. Jones
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article appears in a special issue of the Brooklyn Law Review on DNA: Lessons from the Past - Problems for the Future. It first addresses why law needs insights from behavioral biology, and then identifies and responds to a variety of structural and conceptual barriers to such evolutionary analysis in law.
Cakß/Pyk2 Kinase Is A Signaling Link For Induction Of Long-Term Potentiation In Ca1 Hippocampus, Yueqiao Huang, Wei-Yang Lu, Declan W. Ali, Kenneth A. Pelkey, Graham M. Pitcher, You Ming Lu, Hiroshi Aoto, John C. Roder, Terukatsu Sasaki, Michael W. Salter
Cakß/Pyk2 Kinase Is A Signaling Link For Induction Of Long-Term Potentiation In Ca1 Hippocampus, Yueqiao Huang, Wei-Yang Lu, Declan W. Ali, Kenneth A. Pelkey, Graham M. Pitcher, You Ming Lu, Hiroshi Aoto, John C. Roder, Terukatsu Sasaki, Michael W. Salter
PCOM Scholarly Papers
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an activity-dependent enhancement of synaptic efficacy, considered a model of learning and memory. The biochemical cascade producing LTP requires activation of Src, which upregulates the function of NMDA receptors (NMDARs), but how Src becomes activated is unknown. Here, we show that the focal adhesion kinase CAKß/Pyk2 upregulated NMDAR function by activating Src in CA1 hippocampal neurons. Induction of LTP was prevented by blocking CAKß/Pyk2, and administering CAKß/Pyk2 intracellularly mimicked and occluded LTP. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CAKß/Pyk2 and its association with Src was increased by stimulation that produced LTP. Finally, CAKß/Pyk2-stimulated enhancement of synaptic AMPA responses was …
Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern
Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern
Faculty Contributions to Books
No abstract provided.
Absolute Pitch And Planum Temporale, Julian P. Keenan, Van Thangaraj, Andrea R. Halpern, Gottfried Schlaug
Absolute Pitch And Planum Temporale, Julian P. Keenan, Van Thangaraj, Andrea R. Halpern, Gottfried Schlaug
Faculty Journal Articles
An increased leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) in absolute-pitch (AP) musicians has been previously reported, with speculation that early exposure to music influences the degree of PT asymmetry. To test this hypothesis and to determine whether a larger left PT or a smaller right PT actually accounts for the increased overall PT asymmetry in AP musicians, anatomical magnetic resonance images were taken from a right-handed group of 27 AP musicians, 27 nonmusicians, and 22 non-AP musicians. A significantly greater leftward PT asymmetry and a significantly smaller right absolute PT size for the AP musicians compared to the two …