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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Calmodulin Like 38 Is Required For Autophagy Of Hypoxia-Induced Cytoplasmic Rna Granules In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Sterling Field
Calmodulin Like 38 Is Required For Autophagy Of Hypoxia-Induced Cytoplasmic Rna Granules In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Sterling Field
Doctoral Dissertations
In response to the energy crisis resulting from submergence stress and hypoxia, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana limits non-essential mRNA translation, and accumulates cytosolic stress granules. Stress granules are phase-separated mRNA-protein particles that partition transcripts for various fates: storage, degradation, or return to translation after stress alleviation. Another response by the plant cell to low oxygen stress is the induction of the turnover pathway autophagy. Stress granule regulation by autophagy occurs by a ‘granulophagy’ pathway in yeast and mammalian systems through which parts or whole stress granules are degraded. Whether this occurs in plants has not been investigated.
A connection …
Erecta Family Genes Regulate The Shoot Apical Meristem And Organ Formation, Daniel A. Degennaro
Erecta Family Genes Regulate The Shoot Apical Meristem And Organ Formation, Daniel A. Degennaro
Doctoral Dissertations
Plants are sessile and must adjust their organ growth to their environments. A reservoir of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) supplies cells for differentiation into organs. The SAM must balance organ production with stem cell maintenance. The ERECTA family (ERfs) encodes the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases ERECTA (ER), ERECTA-LIKE 1 (ERL1), and ERL2. ERf signaling regulates organ initiation and stem cell maintenance. Results presented in this work include the following:
1) WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) make up a negative feedback loop to maintain SAM size. WUS and CLV3 expression localization is critical for …
Microbial Community Dynamics Of A Microcystis Bloom, Helena Pound
Microbial Community Dynamics Of A Microcystis Bloom, Helena Pound
Doctoral Dissertations
Harmful algal bloom events are notoriously associated with massive economic and environmental consequences, causing wildlife and human health risks. As these blooms increase in occurrence, duration, and severity around the world, it is essential to understand conditions leading to bloom formation and why they persist. Abiotic factors such as nutrients are commonly considered in bloom dynamics, but biotic interactions with co-occurring microbial species and viruses must also be taken into account. Harmful algal blooms dominated by the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis occur in bodies of water around the world and provide an ideal system in which to study top-down controls on …
Modulation Of Protein Dynamics By Ligand Binding And Solvent Composition, Richard J. Lindsay
Modulation Of Protein Dynamics By Ligand Binding And Solvent Composition, Richard J. Lindsay
Doctoral Dissertations
Many proteins undergo conformational switching in order to perform their cellular functions. A multitude of factors may shift the energy landscape and alter protein dynamics with varying effects on the conformations they explore. We apply atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to a variety of biomolecular systems in order to investigate how factors such as pressure, the chemical environment, and ligand binding at distant binding pockets affect the structure and dynamics of these protein systems. Further, we examine how such changes should be characterized. We first investigate how pressure and solvent modulate ligand access to the active site of a bacterial lipase …
The Histone Variant H2av Regulates Stress Responses And Tissue Development Through Interactions With Chromatin Insulator Proteins In Drosophila Melanogaster, James Ryan Simmons
The Histone Variant H2av Regulates Stress Responses And Tissue Development Through Interactions With Chromatin Insulator Proteins In Drosophila Melanogaster, James Ryan Simmons
Doctoral Dissertations
The ability of a cell to sense and respond to various forms of stress is essential to maintain integrity of the genome. Numerous pathways have been implicated in cellular responses to environmental and genotoxic stresses, often involving proteins and complexes that bind DNA directly to orchestrate changes in transcription and genome organization. Chromatin insulators describe a class of protein complex that bind specific sequences in the genome and work through two classically described functions: to restrict communication between enhancers and promoters through physical separation into different genomic domains and to prevent the spread of heterochromatin into euchromatic regions of the …
Engineering Modularity Of Ester Biosynthesis Across Biological Scales, Hyeongmin Seo
Engineering Modularity Of Ester Biosynthesis Across Biological Scales, Hyeongmin Seo
Doctoral Dissertations
Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology enable controlled manipulation of whole-cell biocatalysts to produce valuable chemicals from renewable feedstocks in a rapid and efficient manner, helping reduce our reliance on the conventional petroleum-based chemical synthesis. However, strain engineering process is costly and time-consuming that developing economically competitive bioprocess at industrial scale is still challenging. To accelerate the strain engineering process, modular cell engineering has been proposed as an innovative approach that harnesses modularity of metabolism for designing microbial cell factories. It is important to understand biological modularity and to develop design principles for effective implementation of modular cell engineering. In this …
Regulation Of Plasmodesmata By Specialized Metabolites Glucosinolates In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jessica C. Fernandez
Regulation Of Plasmodesmata By Specialized Metabolites Glucosinolates In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Jessica C. Fernandez
Doctoral Dissertations
Communication is an essential component to all living organisms. In
plants, the additional cell wall surrounding each cell adds a layer of complexity
not observed in animals. To overcome the literal wall separating cells, plants
have evolved specialized pores to connect adjacent cells. Plasmodesmata (PD)
allow plants to have a continuous cytoplasm between cells. Although
plasmodesmata may appear simple and lack regulation, their structural
components and their regulatory machinery is complex and not well understood.
Organelle-to-nucleus-to-plasmodesmata signaling (ONPS) have been worked as
a leading model for a possible regulatory mechanism. Many of the details of
organelle-to-nucleus retrograde signaling pathways have …
The Role Of Med31 And Med12 In Directing Adipogenesis Of Human Adult-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Joseph Straub
The Role Of Med31 And Med12 In Directing Adipogenesis Of Human Adult-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Joseph Straub
Doctoral Dissertations
Selective gene expression is crucial in maintaining the self-renewing and multipotent properties of stem cells. Mediator is a large, evolutionarily conserved, multisubunit protein complex that modulates gene expression by relaying signals from cell type-specific transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. In humans, this complex consists of 30 subunits arranged in four modules: head, middle, tail, and kinase. In our introduction, we show the state of the field of Mediator study with a focus on the critical kinase module. In the following chapters, we used siRNA knockdowns to investigate the roles of the highly-conserved core subunit MED31 and the kinase module …