Life Sciences Commons^™

Spatial Crowding And Confinement Effects On Bursty Gene Expression, Charles Wei-Shing Chin

Doctoral Dissertations

Synthetic biology and genetic engineering are valuable tools in the development of new, sustainable energy generation technologies. The characterization of stochastic gene expression is vital to the efficient application of genetic engineering techniques. Transcriptional bursting, in which periods of high expression are punctuated by periods of no expression, is extensively observed in gene expression. While various molecular mechanisms have been hypothesized to be responsible for transcriptional bursting, spatial considerations have largely been neglected. This work uses computational modeling to examine in detail the influence of spatial factors such as macromolecular crowding and confinement on gene expression.

In the first part …

Rapid Molecular Detection And Population Genetics Of Pityophthorus Juglandis, A Vector Of Thousand Cankers Disease In Juglans Spp., Emel Oren

Masters Theses

Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) is a disease complex involving the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida, an insect vector Pityophthorus juglandis, and the hosts, Juglans spp. and Pterocarya spp. Signs and symptoms of TCD include crown thinning due to branch dieback, yellowing and wilting of the leaves, appearance of epicormic shoots, numerous entrance/exit holes, gallery formation by P. juglandis, and the development of small, dark brown cankers underneath the bark. TCD originally described from western U.S., has now expanded to eastern U.S. and northwestern Italy. The disease complex is often difficult to diagnose due to the absence of symptoms …

Characterization Of Fusarium Species And Alternaria Alternata, And Their Effects On Switchgrass Health And Chemical Components, Sara Beth Collins

Masters Theses

Panicum virgatum L., readily referred to as Switchgrass, is a perennial warm-season bunch grass, used as an alternative energy source for biofuel production. There is insufficient research on switchgrass pathogens, and is expected that an increase in disease pressure will result as more land is reserved for this perennial crop. The purpose of this research was to identify and characterize pathogenic Alternaria alternata and Fusarium species on Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and to evaluate their impact on stand establishment and plant health. Molecular identifications of fungal isolates obtained from infected commercial switchgrass seed yielded eight species (A. alternata, …

Electron Transport To Photosystem I By Soluble Carriers: Evolution Of The Interacting Pair, Khoa Dang Nguyen

Doctoral Dissertations

Oxygenic photosynthesis is driven via sequential action of Photosystem II (PSII) and (PSI) reaction centers via the Z-­‐scheme. Both of these pigment– membrane protein complexes are found in cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. PSI, unlike PSII, is remarkably stable and does not undergo limiting photo-­‐damage. This stability, as well as other fundamental structural differences, makes PSI the most attractive reaction centers for applied photosynthetic applications. These applied applications exploit the efficient light harvesting and high quantum yield of PSI where the isolated PSI particles are redeployed providing electrons directly as a photocurrent or, via a coupled catalyst to yield H2. Here, …

Modification Of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes In Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) To Improve Saccharification And Biomass Yields For Biofuels, Jonathan Duran Willis

Doctoral Dissertations

The natural recalcitrance of plant cell walls is a major commercial hurdle for plant biomass to be converted into a viable energy source as alternative to fossil fuels. To circumvent this hurdle manipulation of carbohydrate enzymes active in the cellulose and hemicellulose portions of the plant cell wall can be utilized to improve feedstocks. Production of cellulolytic enzymes by plants have been evaluated for reducing the cost associated with lignocellulosic biofuels. Plants have successfully served as bioreactors producing bacterial and fungal glycosyl hydrolases, which have altered plant growth to improve saccharification. A bioprospecting opportunity lies with the utilization of insect …

Characterization Of An Ethylene Receptor In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803, Randy Francis Lacey

Doctoral Dissertations

In plants, ethylene functions as a hormone regulating many growth and developmental processes. Ethylene receptors in plants resemble bacterial two-component signaling systems. Because of this it, ethylene receptors are thought to have been acquired by gene transfer from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont that lead to the development of the chloroplast. However, prior to this work, functional ethylene receptors were thought to only be found in green plants. Here, we show that the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) contains a functional ethylene receptor, SynEtr1. SynEtr1 contains a predicted ethylene binding domain, a photosensory cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) domain, and a histidine …

Nanocomposite Adhesive Of English Ivy (Hedera Helix): Bioproduction, Nanoparticle Isolation, And Molecular Analysis, Jason Neil Burris

Doctoral Dissertations

English ivy naturally produces organic nanoparticles from its adventitious root hairs, and possesses characteristics that may allow them to replace metal-based nanoparticles in common applications, such as sunscreen. At the onset of the research, it was hypothesized that a physical mechanism of attachment, similar to the gecko footpad, was used to generate the adhesive force for attachment; however, through the results obtained from recent work, it is clear that a biochemical mechanism is involved in the generation of the strength of adhesion. Therefore, the goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of nanoparticle …

In Silico Driven Metabolic Engineering Towards Enhancing Biofuel And Biochemical Production, Richard Adam Thompson

Doctoral Dissertations

The development of a secure and sustainable energy economy is likely to require the production of fuels and commodity chemicals in a renewable manner. There has been renewed interest in biological commodity chemical production recently, in particular focusing on non-edible feedstocks. The fields of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have arisen in the past 20 years to address the challenge of chemical production from biological feedstocks. Metabolic modeling is a powerful tool for studying the metabolism of an organism and predicting the effects of metabolic engineering strategies. Various techniques have been developed for modeling cellular metabolism, with the underlying principle …

Insulators: A “Safety Guard” For Genome Stability In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ran An

Doctoral Dissertations

Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that assist in the formation of chromatin loop structures by mediating long-range contacts between distant sites, which regulate proper organization of the chromatin fiber within the tridimensional space of the nucleus. It is considered that this function of insulators is required for the regulation of gene expression during development and in differentiated cells. This thesis focuses specifically in the Suppressor of Hairy wing [Su(Hw)] insulator of Drosophila and its associated proteins, and explores the possibility that chromatin insulators are not only significant for regulation of gene expression, but are also essential for DNA replication and …

Modulating Neuronal Activity: Copper, Isoproterenol, And Beta-Blockers On The Brain, Veronica Go

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Chloroplastic Protein Iojap Is Important For Cold-Acclimation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Amanda Louise Carey

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Low Temperature Phenotype In Arabidopsis Thaliana Mutant Ijt1 Is Affected By Splicing, Connie Liu

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.