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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Regulation Of Mhc Ii Trafficking And Expression By Host And Viral Factors, Alex Lac
Regulation Of Mhc Ii Trafficking And Expression By Host And Viral Factors, Alex Lac
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) to the adaptive immune system is crucial for mounting sterilizing immune responses. This central role has made antigen presentation a target for antagonism by many pathogens. Notably, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) decrease MHC II expression in several immune cells. The mechanisms responsible for this suppression are unknown but involves either redirecting MHC II molecules away from the cell surface or inhibiting MHC II expression. To understand how pathogens manipulate intracellular MHC II trafficking, we first investigated the role of the Golgi trafficking regulator, ERC1, in …
Effects Of Surface Topography On Macrophages And Bacterial Cells, Joseph Carnicelli
Effects Of Surface Topography On Macrophages And Bacterial Cells, Joseph Carnicelli
Theses - ALL
An association has been found between the texture of breast implants and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, which led to some textured implants to be withdrawn from the market in 2019. There is evidence that these cancers are associated with the harboring of bacteria on the surfaces of the textured implants. It is possible that specific topographic features hinder the removal of attached bacteria by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis or promoting biofilm formation. Here we examine how bacteria and macrophages interact with recessive surface topographies as analogs to the surfaces seen on textured breast implants. Changes in bacteria morphology were observed among …
An Investigation Of Hhv6'S Impact On The Cognitive Progression And Microglial Changes In An Alzheimer's Disease Cohort, Charles E. Seaks
An Investigation Of Hhv6'S Impact On The Cognitive Progression And Microglial Changes In An Alzheimer's Disease Cohort, Charles E. Seaks
Theses and Dissertations--Physiology
The role of herpesviruses and, more specifically, HHV6 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated cognitive decline is still being investigated. High ubiquity and prevalence in the population have led to a high degree of skepticism about HHV6 as a potential contributor to cognitive decline and dementias. However, recent evidence related to another herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus 1, suggests that reactivation, not carriage, of the virus may be the key factor to explain the dissonance between the virus’ ubiquity and contributions to dementias. With that in mind, we set out to assess cases from the Sanders-Brown Center on …
The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali
The Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Tahirah M. Madkhali
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages are essential phagocytic cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune systems and play vital roles in the host defense and inflammation. Macrophages have a remarkably high capacity to clear unnecessary cellular materials in interstitial environment through a process called “phagocytosis”, which is affected by many factors including suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS). SOCSs are a group of intracellular proteins that downregulate the cytokine signals involved in various JAK/STAT pathways through a negative feedback loop. This study focuses on investigating the effects of SOCS1 and SOCS3 on the phagocytic ability of RAW 264.7 macrophages polarized into M2a with IL-4/IL-13 …
Antibody Dependent Enhancement Of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Alan K. Mcnolty
Antibody Dependent Enhancement Of Visceral Leishmaniasis, Alan K. Mcnolty
All Master's Theses
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. This vector-born disease, transmitted by biting phlebotomine sandflies, typically manifests in one of three ways. The cutaneous form of the disease is characterized by localized lesions of the skin and is by far the most common manifestation. The visceral form of the disease is caused by parasitic infiltration of internal organs, particularly the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The mucocutaneous form is caused by parasitic infection of the mucosa in the nose or mouth. While cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is often self-healing, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is fatal if …
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages play a key role in both the innate and adaptive immune system responses to foreign materials. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are known as regulators of the immune response through various JAK/STAT pathways. This study examined the roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 peptide mimetics on the phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled malignant target cell by RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The malignant cells used were Neuro-2a cells, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. A prominent “eat me” signal found in neuroblastoma cells is calreticulin (CRT), which permits macrophages to recognize and then phagocytize the malignant cells. When M1 (pro-inflammatory) polarized macrophages were …
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages play a key role in both the innate and adaptive immune system responses to foreign materials. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are known as regulators of the immune response through various JAK/STAT pathways. This study examined the roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 peptide mimetics on the phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled malignant target cell by RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The malignant cells used were Neuro-2a cells, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. A prominent "eat me" signal found in neuroblastoma cells is calreticulin (CRT), which permits macrophages to recognize and then phagocytize the malignant cells. When M1 (pro-inflammatory) polarized macrophages were …
The Pmrhfijklm Operon In Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Enhances Resistance To Ccl28 And Promotes Phagocytic Engulfment By Neutrophils, Lauren Elizabeth Johnson
The Pmrhfijklm Operon In Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Enhances Resistance To Ccl28 And Promotes Phagocytic Engulfment By Neutrophils, Lauren Elizabeth Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogen that is the ancestral strain to Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of Plague. Y. pseudotuberculosis invades a host through the intestinal epithelium. The bacteria resist mucosal innate immune defenses including antimicrobial chemokines and phagocytic cells, and replicate in local lymph nodes. They cause Tuberculosis-like symptoms, including necrosis of local tissue and granuloma formation. Like all bacteria, Y. pseudotuberculosis has a net negative charge, which contributes to its susceptibility to some cationic antimicrobial peptides. Y. pseudotuberculosis is able to reduce this negative charge by adding 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) to the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide. The …
Pharmacologic Immunomodulation Of Macrophage Activation By Caffeine, Ryan Perry Steck
Pharmacologic Immunomodulation Of Macrophage Activation By Caffeine, Ryan Perry Steck
Theses and Dissertations
Caffeine is one of the most widely used neurostimulants in the world and there is considerable debate on its effect in immune cells. One of its main targets is proposed to be adenosine receptors which mediate an anti-inflammatory switch in activated immune cells while another target is phosphodiesterase where it acts as an inhibitor. In macrophages, caffeine has been shown to cause both pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. If the primary effect of caffeine on macrophages were to antagonize adenosine receptors we would expect cells exposed to caffeine to have a prolonged M1 response. However, we show that caffeine …
Regulation Of The Candida Albicans Arginine Biosynthetic Pathway, Claudia Jimenez Lopez
Regulation Of The Candida Albicans Arginine Biosynthetic Pathway, Claudia Jimenez Lopez
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Candida albicans is the most importan thuman-associatedfungus.It is a commensal microorganism but also an opportunistic pathogen able to cause superficial infections aswellaslife-threateninginfectionswhich are associated with a highmortalityrateof 50%. The interactions between C. albicans and the cells of the mammalian innate immune system, which confer the most important protecting mechanisms against disseminated infections, are very dynamic and determine the success of C. albicans as a pathogen. Transcriptional profiling has shown that phagocytosis of C. albicans by macrophages results primarily in the activation of alternative carbon metabolism pathways suggesting that the pathogen is exposed to a glucose poor environment. Changes in …
Effects Of Chemical Stimulation And Tumor Co-Incubation On Macrophage Activation And Aggressiveness, Measured Through Phagocytosis And Respiratory Burst, Bo Marcus Gustafsson
Effects Of Chemical Stimulation And Tumor Co-Incubation On Macrophage Activation And Aggressiveness, Measured Through Phagocytosis And Respiratory Burst, Bo Marcus Gustafsson
Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages are a cornerstone in innate immunity, especially important in detecting and killing invading microorganisms. In tumor biology, the macrophages can contribute both to anti-tumor activity and tumor promotion depending on individual tumor microenvironment and therefore have a large impact on both tumor progression and prognosis. Two of the most important functions of macrophages are the ability to phagocytose microorganisms and then kill them through the respiratory burst. Phagocytosis activates the respiratory burst, but the more subtle interactions between these processes are less known. Since phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species production are two attributes that change between the classically and …