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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Regulatory Mechanisms In Borrelia Burgdorferi-Induced Arthritis, Emily Siebers Hansen
Regulatory Mechanisms In Borrelia Burgdorferi-Induced Arthritis, Emily Siebers Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
Lyme arthritis is a common symptom of Lyme borreliosis that involves inflammation of the synovial joints. Elucidating the immune events involved in Lyme arthritis is complicated by the fact that not all individuals infected with B. burgdorferi develop arthritis. Additionally, Lyme arthritis manifests in different severities between affected individuals. It is known that an inflammatory response is initiated by B. burgdorferi infection and that inflammatory T cells contribute to the development of arthritis. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms that regulate the pathogenic T cells’ response are not entirely understood. Here, the hypothesis that a dysregulated immune response results in an excessive …
Point Of Use Biosand Filters Of The Rural Dominican Republic, Kurtis Quamme
Point Of Use Biosand Filters Of The Rural Dominican Republic, Kurtis Quamme
Theses and Dissertations
The point of use biosand filter (BSF) is used globally as a drinking water treatment solution. In this research, point of use BSFs were inoculated with active biosand from the Linnwood Drinking Water Treatment plant slow sand filter beds (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and with sands collected from point of use filters operating in the Dominican Republic. These filters were maintained with varying source waters (surface water, groundwater, or tap water to simulate chlorination encountered in the field). The microbial community of filters with varied influents and biosand inoculum were analyzed quantitatively by sequencing and qPCR. Filter efficacy and microbial community were …
Discovery And Characterization Of A New Group Of Is10 Insertion Sequences, Rachel Marie Kinzelman
Discovery And Characterization Of A New Group Of Is10 Insertion Sequences, Rachel Marie Kinzelman
Theses and Dissertations
Insertion sequences (ISs) are small mobile genetic elements that can have significant impact on the genotype and phenotype of a host organism. Previous work in this laboratory revealed an insertion sequence that disrupted the luxA gene in Vibrio harveyi strain BCB451, knocking out light production. Phylogenetic analysis of this insertion sequence, dubbed IS451, reveals that it is in the IS10 family, but represents a novel variant that is only 79% identical to other known IS10 sequences. Twelve copies of IS451 were isolated from a genomic library and sequenced, and were found to be essentially identical, but located in dispersed chromosomal …
Lateral Replacement Of The Lux Operon In A Vibrio Isolated From The Intestine Of A Coral Reef Fish, Melissa Lee Whyte
Lateral Replacement Of The Lux Operon In A Vibrio Isolated From The Intestine Of A Coral Reef Fish, Melissa Lee Whyte
Theses and Dissertations
In a screening of bioluminescent bacteria isolated from the intestines of coral reef fish, two strains (designated D6 and M1) were identified that have a luxA gene sequence significantly different from those of other Vibrio species. Phylogenetic analysis of several housekeeping genes, as well as toxR, shows that D6 and M1 branch within a bioluminescent clade (designated the “D1 group,” isolated at the same time and place as D6 and M1) that is a close sister group to Vibrio harveyi. However, whereas the luxA genes of the D1 group are >98% identical to V. harveyi luxA, the luxA genes of …
The Selective Survival Of Escherichia Coli In Freshwater Beach Sand, Natalie Ann Rumball
The Selective Survival Of Escherichia Coli In Freshwater Beach Sand, Natalie Ann Rumball
Theses and Dissertations
The quantification of Escherichia coli or E. coli is the most common method used to detect recent fecal pollution in recreational water, as this species is known for its high abundance in fecal matter and assumed host-associated nature. However, it has been determined that some strains are capable of long-term survival and potential propagation in non-host environments, such as the beach sand. These long-term environmental survivors are host-independent and are not associated with the same health risks as those E. coli from recent fecal pollution. However, they have been shown to impact how water quality is perceived as they are …
Role Of Protein Phosphatase Reg2-Glc7 In The Regulation Of The Yeast Stress Response Kinase, Snf1, Marcin Maziarz
Role Of Protein Phosphatase Reg2-Glc7 In The Regulation Of The Yeast Stress Response Kinase, Snf1, Marcin Maziarz
Theses and Dissertations
Kinases of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family are conserved in eukaryotes and play central roles in responses to reduced energy availability. AMPK, nicknamed the “fuel gauge” of the cell, monitors cellular energy status via the ratio of AMP to ATP nucleotides. AMPK restores energy homeostasis by reducing energy “spending” and increasing energy “income”. Correspondingly, defects in AMPK signaling have been implicated in diseases including type II diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
In yeast, the AMPK homolog is Snf1 protein kinase. Glucose is the preferred carbon/energy source of yeast, and thus limitation for glucose similarly activates Snf1. Snf1 activation requires phosphorylation …
Deciphering The Multi-Tiered Regulatory Network That Links Cyclic-Di-Gmp Signaling To Virulence And Bacterial Behaviors, Xiaochen Yuan
Deciphering The Multi-Tiered Regulatory Network That Links Cyclic-Di-Gmp Signaling To Virulence And Bacterial Behaviors, Xiaochen Yuan
Theses and Dissertations
Bis-(3’-5’)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger that regulates multiple cellular behaviors in most major bacterial phyla. C-di-GMP signaling in bacterial often includes enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP, effector proteins or molecules that bind c-di-GMP, and targets that interact with effectors. However, little is known about the specificity of c-di-GMP signaling in controlling virulence and bacterial behaviors. In this work, we have investigated the c-di-GMP signaling network using the model plant pathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937.
In Chapter 2, we characterized two PilZ domain proteins that regulate biofilm formation, swimming motility, Type …
Protective Effects Of Pigmentation In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Insights On Pyomelanin Production And Inhibition By Ntbc, Laura Marie Ketelboeter
Protective Effects Of Pigmentation In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Insights On Pyomelanin Production And Inhibition By Ntbc, Laura Marie Ketelboeter
Theses and Dissertations
Pyomelanin is an extracellular, reddish-brown pigment produced by several environmental and pathogenic bacteria and fungi. It is derived from the phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolism pathway and is produced when homogentisate (HGA) is secreted from the cell, auto-oxidized, and self-polymerized. Point mutations or chromosomal deletions in hmgA, which encodes homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, result in the accumulation of HGA and subsequent pyomelanin production. My work showed that the pyomelanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate PA1111 had a chromosomal deletion of hmgA, while a second pyomelanogenic clinical isolate, DKN343, had a loss of function mutation in HmgA. The 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (Hpd) inhibiting compound 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) has been …