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An Overview On The Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods Of Detection And Ecological Functions, K. Cusick, Gary S. Sayler
An Overview On The Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods Of Detection And Ecological Functions, K. Cusick, Gary S. Sayler
Gary S. Sayler
Marine neurotoxins are natural products produced by phytoplankton and select species of invertebrates and fish. These compounds interact with voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels and modulate the flux of these ions into various cell types. This review provides a summary of marine neurotoxins, including their structures, molecular targets and pharmacologies. Saxitoxin and its derivatives, collectively referred to as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are unique among neurotoxins in that they are found in both marine and freshwater environments by organisms inhabiting two kingdoms of life. Prokaryotic cyanobacteria are responsible for PST production in freshwater systems, while eukaryotic dinoflagellates are the …
Pseudomonas Fluorescens Hk44: Lessons Learned From A Model Whole-Cell Bioreporter With A Broad Application History, Josef Trögl, Archana Chauhan, Steven Ripp, Alice C. Layton, Gabriela Kuncová, Gary S. Sayler
Pseudomonas Fluorescens Hk44: Lessons Learned From A Model Whole-Cell Bioreporter With A Broad Application History, Josef Trögl, Archana Chauhan, Steven Ripp, Alice C. Layton, Gabriela Kuncová, Gary S. Sayler
Gary S. Sayler
Initially described in 1990, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 served as the first whole-cell bioreporter genetically endowed with a bioluminescent (luxCDABE) phenotype directly linked to a catabolic (naphthalene degradative) pathway. HK44 was the first genetically engineered microorganism to be released in the field to monitor bioremediation potential. Subsequent to that release, strain HK44 had been introduced into other solids (soils, sands), liquid (water, wastewater), and volatile environments. In these matrices, it has functioned as one of the best characterized chemically-responsive environmental bioreporters and as a model organism for understanding bacterial colonization and transport, cell immobilization strategies, and the kinetics of cellular bioluminescent …
Ameliorating Risk: Culturable And Metagenomic Monitoring Of The 14 Year Decline Of A Genetically Engineered Microorganism At A Bioremediation Field Site, A. C. Layton, A. E. Smartt, A. Chauhan, S. Ripp, D. E. Williams, W. Burton, S. Moser, J. Phillips, A. V. Palumbo, Gary S. Sayler
Ameliorating Risk: Culturable And Metagenomic Monitoring Of The 14 Year Decline Of A Genetically Engineered Microorganism At A Bioremediation Field Site, A. C. Layton, A. E. Smartt, A. Chauhan, S. Ripp, D. E. Williams, W. Burton, S. Moser, J. Phillips, A. V. Palumbo, Gary S. Sayler
Gary S. Sayler
In 1996, the first EPA sanctioned release of a recombinant microbe (Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44) into the subsurface soil environment was initiated in a replicated semi-contained array of soil lysimeters. With an aim to access the survivability/environmental fate of HK44, soil sampling was performed 14 years post release. Although after extensive sampling culturable HK44 cells were not found, qPCR and metagenomic analyses indicated that genetic signatures of HK44 cells still persisted in the soils, with genes diagnostic for the bioluminescent transposon carried by strain HK44 (luxA and tetA) being found at low concentrations (< 5000 copies/g). Additionally, metagenome analysis of lysimeter 2 using amplicon pyrosequencing showed that Burkholderia was more abundant in the sample extracted before storage at 4°C than after storage at 4°C (79% and 5.6% Burkholderia sequences, respectively). http://www.omicsonline.org/2155-6199/2155-6199-S1-009.php?aid=5830 doi:10.4172/2155-6199.S1-009