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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Oxidative Stress Role Of Galectin-3, Suhail Al-Salam, Satwat Hashmi
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Apoptotic, Inflammatory And Oxidative Stress Role Of Galectin-3, Suhail Al-Salam, Satwat Hashmi
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background/aims: Myocardial reperfusion has the potential to salvage the ischemic myocardium after a period of coronary occlusion. Reperfusion, however, can cause a wide spectrum of deleterious effects. Galectin-3 (GAL-3), a beta galactoside binding lectin, is closely associated with myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial fibrosis and heart failure. In our study, we investigated its role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries (IR) as this phenomenon is extremely relevant to the early intervention after acute MI.
Methods: C57B6/J wild type (WT) mice and GAL-3 knockout (KO) mice were used for murine model of IR injury in the heart where a period of 30 minutes ischemia was …
Expression Analysis Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Patients Suffering From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Shahida Tasneem, Muhammad Tahir Sarwa, Muhammad Rizwan Bashi, Hamid Hussain, Jawad Ahmed, Shahid Pervez
Expression Analysis Of Cyclooxygenase-2 In Patients Suffering From Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Shahida Tasneem, Muhammad Tahir Sarwa, Muhammad Rizwan Bashi, Hamid Hussain, Jawad Ahmed, Shahid Pervez
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the aggressive malignancies and mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unclear. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme system plays a crucial role in many gastrointestinal malignancies and is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and transformation. More precise outcome of COX-2 in ESCC is less investigated. In this study we investigated the risk factors of ESCC and expression of COX-2 in Carcinoma in situ (CIS) and ESCC compared to normal esophageal mucosa. ESCC relationship to clinico-pathological parameters using immunohistochemistry was also part of this investigation. Current study was conducted in the Institute of …
Prospective Evaluation Of Serum Procalcitonin In Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Sepsis- Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Sibtain Ahmed, Imran Siddiqui, Lena Jafri, Madiha Hashmi, Aysha Habib, Farooq Ghani
Prospective Evaluation Of Serum Procalcitonin In Critically Ill Patients With Suspected Sepsis- Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Sibtain Ahmed, Imran Siddiqui, Lena Jafri, Madiha Hashmi, Aysha Habib, Farooq Ghani
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a promising marker for identification of bacterial sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of serum PCT concentration in patients with suspected sepsis admitted to mixed medical-surgical Intensive care unit (ICU).
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and ICU. Patients with suspected sepsis were included, serum PCT cut off ≥0.5 ng/ml was taken for diagnosing sepsis. Diagnostic accuracy was measured in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value …
Prevalence Of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Among Patients With Cranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis In The Presence And Absence Of Venous Infarcts, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Muhammad Awais, Fatima Mubarak, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
Prevalence Of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Among Patients With Cranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis In The Presence And Absence Of Venous Infarcts, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Muhammad Awais, Fatima Mubarak, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
Department of Radiology
Introduction: In patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis, the occurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage in association with haemorrhagic venous infarcts is a well described phenomenon. However, the presence of subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis in the absence of a haemorrhagic venous infarct is exceedingly rare.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts and scans of all patients who had cranial venous sinus thrombosis confirmed by magnetic resonance venography at our hospital between September 2004 and May 2015. The presence of subarachnoid haemorrhage was ascertained on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, susceptibility-weighted imaging and/or unenhanced computed tomography scans by a single experienced …
Microbiological And Clinical Profile Of Infective Endocarditis Patients: An Observational Study Experience From Tertiary Care Center Karachi Pakistan, Uzma Shahid, Hasanat Sharif, Joveria Farooqi, Bushra Jamil, E. Khan
Microbiological And Clinical Profile Of Infective Endocarditis Patients: An Observational Study Experience From Tertiary Care Center Karachi Pakistan, Uzma Shahid, Hasanat Sharif, Joveria Farooqi, Bushra Jamil, E. Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background:
The study analyzed microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of organisms isolated from patients with infective endocarditis (2015–17) and compared disease outcomes in cohorts of endocarditis patient with history of prior invasive vascular intervention (high risk group) vs those without (native valve group). We hypothesized that high risk group would be more likely to have severe disease outcomes.
Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study (2015–17). All blood and cardiac tissue samples of enrolled patients suspected of endocarditis according to modified Duke’s criteria were followed for microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The high risk group was compared with the native …
Influence Of Body Mass Index And Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome On Icsi/Ivf Treatment Outcomes: A Study Conducted In Pakistani Women, Rehana Rehman, Rozina Mustafa, Rabiya Ali, Saeeda Shaharyar, Faiza Alam
Influence Of Body Mass Index And Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome On Icsi/Ivf Treatment Outcomes: A Study Conducted In Pakistani Women, Rehana Rehman, Rozina Mustafa, Rabiya Ali, Saeeda Shaharyar, Faiza Alam
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Background: Obesity may establish a crucial barrier for effective fertility treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) females.
Objective: To compare results of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in females with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome and further appraise the effect of obesity in PCOS females.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study from June 2015 to July 2016 included non-PCOS and PCOS (recognized by Rotterdam criteria) females who underwent ICSI. The PCOS were further stratified into non-obese and Obese according to the South Asian criteria for body mass index. Results were categorized on the basis of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and transvaginal …
Low Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma Of Pouch Of Douglas Recurring As Bilateral Ovarian High Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Overgrowth After 11 Years, Sandeep Kumar, Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Usman Tariq
Low Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma Of Pouch Of Douglas Recurring As Bilateral Ovarian High Grade Mullerian Adenosarcoma With Rhabdomyosarcomatous Overgrowth After 11 Years, Sandeep Kumar, Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Usman Tariq
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Mullerian adenosarcoma (MA) of ovary with sarcomatous (rhabdomyoblastic) overgrowth is an extremely rare malignant type of female genital tract neoplasm. These tumours are highly aggressive and presence of heterologous elements is associated with worse prognosis. A 44 year old female presented with lower abdominal pain and distension. She had history of removal of tumour from pouch of Douglas in 2006 for which she did not receive any additional treatment nor did she keep continuous follow up. Current preoperative radiological examination revealed bilateral ovarian masses. She underwent abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Microscopic examination revealed biphasic tumours exhibiting sarcomatous overgrowth with …
Her2 Basolateral Versus Circumferential Ihc Expression Is Dependent On Polarity And Differentiation Of Epithelial Cells In Gastric/Ge Adenocarcinoma, Shahid Pervez, Sidra Arshad, Brooj Abro
Her2 Basolateral Versus Circumferential Ihc Expression Is Dependent On Polarity And Differentiation Of Epithelial Cells In Gastric/Ge Adenocarcinoma, Shahid Pervez, Sidra Arshad, Brooj Abro
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Aim: Antigenic expression in epithelial cells can be heterogeneous which may pose a problem in immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tumor markers, in particular, predictive markers like HER2. Studies have shown that epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains which are separated by tight junctions. The cell membrane in these two domains has a different composition of macromolecules and hence can have variable antigen expression on immunohistochemistry. In our study, we aimed to investigate this phenomenon of basolateral versus circumferential IHC staining of HER2 in gastric/GE adenocarcinoma.
Methods: We selected 45 cases of gastric/GE adenocarcinoma and evaluated equal number of …
Clinicopathologic Features Of Invasive Metaplastic And Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: Comparison With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast, Atif Ali Hashmi, Saher Aijaz, Raeesa Mahboob, Saadia Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Narisa Iftikhar, Mariam Nisar, Maham Siddiqui, Muhammad Muzzammil Edhi, Naveen Faridi, Amir Khan
Clinicopathologic Features Of Invasive Metaplastic And Micropapillary Breast Carcinoma: Comparison With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Of Breast, Atif Ali Hashmi, Saher Aijaz, Raeesa Mahboob, Saadia Mehmood Khan, Muhammad Irfan, Narisa Iftikhar, Mariam Nisar, Maham Siddiqui, Muhammad Muzzammil Edhi, Naveen Faridi, Amir Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma in our population and also to compare the clinico-pathologic features of metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive micropapillary carcinoma with invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC, NOS).
Result: 86.9% of the cases were identified as ductal carcinoma, NOS, while 2.2% were metaplastic and 0.76% cases were micropapillary carcinoma. Metaplastic carcinomas were found to be of higher grade as compared to IDC, NOS as 81% of metaplastic carcinoma were grade III compared to 35% IDC, NOS. 79% of metaplastic carcinoma were ER …
Global Distribution Of Invasive Serotype 35d Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates Following Introduction Of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Stephanie W. Lo, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Andries J. Van Tonder, Paulina A. Hawkins, Brenda Kwambana Adams, Jennifer E. Cornick, Shabir A. Madhi, Susan A. Nzenze, Mignon Du Plessis, Rama Kandasamy, Philip E. Carter, Sadia Shakoor
Global Distribution Of Invasive Serotype 35d Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates Following Introduction Of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Stephanie W. Lo, Rebecca A. Gladstone, Andries J. Van Tonder, Paulina A. Hawkins, Brenda Kwambana Adams, Jennifer E. Cornick, Shabir A. Madhi, Susan A. Nzenze, Mignon Du Plessis, Rama Kandasamy, Philip E. Carter, Sadia Shakoor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
A newly recognized pneumococcal serotype 35D, which differs from the 35B polysaccharide in structure and serology by not binding to factor serum 35a, was recently reported. The genetic basis for this distinctive serology is due to the presence of an inactivating mutation in wciG, which encodes an O-acetyltransferase responsible for O-acetylation of a galactofuranose. Here, we assessed the genomic data of a worldwide pneumococcal collection to identify serotype 35D isolates and understand their geographical distribution, genetic background and invasiveness potential. Of 21,980 pneumococcal isolates, 444 were originally typed as serotype 35B by PneumoCaT. Analysis of wciGrevealed 23 isolates …
Role Of Tnf Α, Il-6 And Cxcl10 In Dengue Disease Severity, Kiran I. Masood, Bushra Jamil, Maryam Rahim, Muniba Islam, Muhammad Farhan, Zahra Hasan
Role Of Tnf Α, Il-6 And Cxcl10 In Dengue Disease Severity, Kiran I. Masood, Bushra Jamil, Maryam Rahim, Muniba Islam, Muhammad Farhan, Zahra Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background and objective: Dengue virus infections (Dengue) have become increasingly common in Pakistan and can result in case fatalities if not managed appropriately. Patients with Dengue virus infection may be asymptomatic or present with Dengue fever (DF), Dengue with warning signs (DWS) or severe Dengue (SD). Severity in Dengue is coincident with an exacerbated production of lymphocyte-induced cytokines and chemokines which are associated with plasma leakage. We investigated the association of circulating levels of cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and CXCL-10 in Dengue patients with differing severity of disease.
Material and methods: Dengue infection was confirmed …
Genetic Sequencing For Surveillance Of Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis In Highly Endemic Countries: A Multi-Country Population-Based Surveillance Study, Matteo Zignol Md, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Anna S. Dean, Philippe Glaziou, Natavan Alikhanova, Cecilia Ama, Sönke Andres, Anna Barbova, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan
Genetic Sequencing For Surveillance Of Drug Resistance In Tuberculosis In Highly Endemic Countries: A Multi-Country Population-Based Surveillance Study, Matteo Zignol Md, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Anna S. Dean, Philippe Glaziou, Natavan Alikhanova, Cecilia Ama, Sönke Andres, Anna Barbova, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Background: In many countries, regular monitoring of the emergence of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is hampered by the limitations of phenotypic testing for drug susceptibility. We therefore evaluated the use of genetic sequencing for surveillance of drugresistance in tuberculosis.
Methods: Population-level surveys were done in hospitals and clinics in seven countries (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, and Ukraine) to evaluate the use of genetic sequencing to estimate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates to rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide, kanamycin, amikacin, and capreomycin. For each drug, we assessed the accuracy of genetic sequencing by a comparison of the adjusted …
Expression Of Androgen Receptor And Cancer Stem Cell Markers (Cd44 +/Cd24 - And Aldh1 +): Prognostic Implications In Invasive Breast Cancer, Nazia Riaz, Romana Idress, Sadia Habib, Iqbal Azam Syed, El Nasir Lalani
Expression Of Androgen Receptor And Cancer Stem Cell Markers (Cd44 +/Cd24 - And Aldh1 +): Prognostic Implications In Invasive Breast Cancer, Nazia Riaz, Romana Idress, Sadia Habib, Iqbal Azam Syed, El Nasir Lalani
Section of General Surgery
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as a significant prognostic marker in early breast cancer (BCa). Association of AR with cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in BCa is unknown. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of AR, CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 in a cohort of Pakistani patients diagnosed with invasive BCa and to correlate the expression with 5- year disease free survival.
Patients and methods: We evaluated immunohistochemical expression AR, CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded archival blocks of 166 cases of primary invasive BCa (stage I-III) and correlated the expression with …
Role Of Leptin And Dyslipidemia In Chronic Kidney Disease, Sabeela Noor, Faiza Alam, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Mahnur Khan, Rehana Rehman
Role Of Leptin And Dyslipidemia In Chronic Kidney Disease, Sabeela Noor, Faiza Alam, Syeda Sadia Fatima, Mahnur Khan, Rehana Rehman
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and plasma leptin level is elevated in cardio renal syndrome. We wanted to explore leptin levels in patients with different stages of CKD and find its association with risk of cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nephrology Department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January 2014 to September 2014. Group I comprised of controls (GFR=116±8.3, n = 44) acquired from general population, CKD patients were grouped as II, III and IV respectively with GFR; 85.77±9.9 (n = 42), 53.84±9.9 (n=42) and 20.22±8.4 (n …
Diversity Unsupported Is Diversity Derailed, Kauser Jabeen, Kulsoom Ghias
Diversity Unsupported Is Diversity Derailed, Kauser Jabeen, Kulsoom Ghias
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
In this view point challenges of a diverse student body and its impact on quality of education and student’ social interactions are discussed. Enhanced institutional responsibility and ownership of all institutional members to provide adequate support for all individuals that make up the student body has been discussed as a major strategy to overcome these challenges.
Experiences Of The Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy At A Public Hospital Peshawar Pakistan, Gulzar Habibullah, Raisa Raisa, Shanaz Hussein Cassum, Rehana Elahi
Experiences Of The Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy At A Public Hospital Peshawar Pakistan, Gulzar Habibullah, Raisa Raisa, Shanaz Hussein Cassum, Rehana Elahi
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of female breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) in a public hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive exploratory method. A purposive sample of 14 breast cancer women undergoing RT was selected for this study. Data were collected over the period of 5 months, using a semi-structured interview guide and conducting in-depth face-to-face interviews. These interviews were audio taped and transcribed by a bilingual transcriber. The translated version of the interview was coded, and the analysis was done manually.
Results: Four main categories emerged from data analysis, which were: …
Non O1, Non O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteraemia In An Infant; Case Report And Literature Review, Mirza Zain Baig, Umme Hani Abdullah, Yusra Shafquat, Khadija Nuzhat Humayun, Afia Zafar
Non O1, Non O139 Vibrio Cholerae Bacteraemia In An Infant; Case Report And Literature Review, Mirza Zain Baig, Umme Hani Abdullah, Yusra Shafquat, Khadija Nuzhat Humayun, Afia Zafar
Medical College Documents
Non 01, Non O139 Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia is a rare but potentially fatal occurrence. There have been very few incidents of this infection from around the world. The treatment regimen of antibiotics also varies in literature. We present a case of bacteraemia caused by Non O1, Non O139 Vibrio cholerae along with associated risk factors, disease manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and treatment regimen. This serves to add additional information regarding symptoms and signs of this infection along with management of patient. Knowledge regarding this topic shall be highly useful to professionals if further cases are detected. In the discussion section, a …
Effect Of Stem Cell And Vitamin E For The Reduction Of Liver Fibrosis, Sulaiman Shams, Salman Khan, Muhammad Ayaz, Haider Ali Khan, Hammad Hassan
Effect Of Stem Cell And Vitamin E For The Reduction Of Liver Fibrosis, Sulaiman Shams, Salman Khan, Muhammad Ayaz, Haider Ali Khan, Hammad Hassan
Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research
Liver disease is seventh leading cause of death worldwide. In the past, liver transplantation was thought to be the only treatment for the last stage liver disease but currently stem cells therapy is an alternative method for the treatment of liver disease. So mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is one of the best tool for treatment of liver disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of vitamin E (Vit E) and MSCs on liver fibrosis. Liver damage was induced in male albino mice intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week for six weeks. …
Serum Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha In Osteopenic And Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Females: A Cross-Sectional Study In Pakistan, Rafat Murad, Zahra Shezad, Saara Ahmed, Mussarat Ashraf, Murad Qadir, Rehana Rehman
Serum Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha In Osteopenic And Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Females: A Cross-Sectional Study In Pakistan, Rafat Murad, Zahra Shezad, Saara Ahmed, Mussarat Ashraf, Murad Qadir, Rehana Rehman
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To compare biochemical parameters serum tumour necrosis factor alpha, calcium, magnesium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D in postmenopausal women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2015 to July 2016 at Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, and comprised postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density done by dual energy X-ray absorptiometryscan categorised subjects by World Health Organisation classification into normal (T score > -1) osteopenic (T score between -1 and -2.5) and osteoporotic (T score < -2.5). Biochemical parameters like tumour necrosis alpha, calcium, magnesium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D were measured by solid phase enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay method. SPSS 16 was used to analyse the data.
Results: Of the 146 women, 34(23%) were normal, 93(67%) were osteopenic and 19(13%) were osteoporotic. There was significant difference in mean body mass …
A Gender-Based Comparison In Health Behaviors And State Of Happiness Among University Students, Rehana Rehman, Amara Zafar, Aleena Mohib, Mukhtiar Baig
A Gender-Based Comparison In Health Behaviors And State Of Happiness Among University Students, Rehana Rehman, Amara Zafar, Aleena Mohib, Mukhtiar Baig
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: The presence of good healthy behaviors among university students is imperative for their future life. This study aimed to compare positive health behaviors and state of happiness between the two genders of Bahria University (BU), Karachi, Pakistan.
Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at BU, Karachi, Pakistan. A total 813 students participated in this study. The healthquestionnaire, adapted from Health and Behavior Survey and the Subjective Happiness Scale, was used to assess self-reported happiness. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.
Results: Overall self-reported health behaviors were found to be more prevalent in females as …
Integrating Tuberculosis And Antimicrobial Resistance Control Programmes, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Johanna Hanefeld, Mishal Khan
Integrating Tuberculosis And Antimicrobial Resistance Control Programmes, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Johanna Hanefeld, Mishal Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Many low- and middle-income countries facing high levels of antimicrobial resistance, and the associated morbidity from ineffective treatment, also have a high burden of tuberculosis. Over recent decades many countries have developed effective laboratory and information systems for tuberculosis control. In this paper we describe how existing tuberculosis laboratory systems can be expanded to accommodate antimicrobial resistance functions. We show how such expansion in services may benefit tuberculosis case-finding and laboratory capacity through integration of laboratory services. We further summarize the synergies between high-level strategies on tuberculosis and antimicrobial resistance control. These provide a potential platform for the integration of …
Emergence Of An Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring A Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance To Fluoroquinolones And Third-Generation Cephalosporins, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Farah Naz Farid, Dania Khalid Saeed, Ghazala Shaheen, Shahida Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Khalid Salim, Zahra Hasan, Elizabeth J. Klemma, Andrew J. Page, Kim Judge, Vanessa K. Wong, Timothy J. Dallman, Satheesh Nair, Stephen Baker, Gordon Dougan
Emergence Of An Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clone Harboring A Promiscuous Plasmid Encoding Resistance To Fluoroquinolones And Third-Generation Cephalosporins, Rumina Hasan, Sadia Shakoor, Farah Naz Farid, Dania Khalid Saeed, Ghazala Shaheen, Shahida Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Muhammad Khalid Salim, Zahra Hasan, Elizabeth J. Klemma, Andrew J. Page, Kim Judge, Vanessa K. Wong, Timothy J. Dallman, Satheesh Nair, Stephen Baker, Gordon Dougan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates are prevalent in parts of Asia and Africa and are often associated with the dominant H58 haplotype. Reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is also widespread, and sporadic cases of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins or azithromycin have also been reported. Here, we report the first large-scale emergence and spread of a novel S. Typhi clone harboring resistance to three first-line drugs (chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) as well as fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in Sindh, Pakistan, which we classify as extensively drug resistant …
Lack Of Association Of Statin Use With Vitamin D Levels In A Hospital Based Population Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Khalida Iqbal, Najmul Islam, Iqbal Azam Syed, Naseema Mehboobali, Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal
Lack Of Association Of Statin Use With Vitamin D Levels In A Hospital Based Population Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Khalida Iqbal, Najmul Islam, Iqbal Azam Syed, Naseema Mehboobali, Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To investigate the relationship of statins (drug given to reduce serum levels of LDL-cholesterol) on vitamin D levels of Pakistani type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in a hospital in Karachi.
Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 312 consecutive patients with type 2 DM (219 males and 93 females, age 22-70 years) were recruited with informed consent. A questionnaire was administered to find out whether they were statin users or non-users. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D] and other related biomarkers such as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, phosphate and calcium using kit methods. Multiple Linear …
Mra-Based Evaluation Of Anatomical Variation Of Circle Of Willis In Adult Pakistanis, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail
Mra-Based Evaluation Of Anatomical Variation Of Circle Of Willis In Adult Pakistanis, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail
Department of Radiology
Objective: To determine the frequency and patterns of normal anatomical variation of Circle of Willis on magnetic resonance angiogram in adults without cerebrovascular disease.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Dow University of Health Sciences / Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2016, and comprised patients referred for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and magnetic resonance angiogram without any clinical or radiological manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, primarily including those with suspected demyelination, infection, epilepsy or metastases. Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography was performed. The Circle of Willis was assessed for its completeness …
Infection Of A Ventricular Septal Defect Patch With Acremonium Species, Nosheen Nasir, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Binish Arif Sultan, Afia Zafar, Aamir Hameed Khan, Muneer Amanullah, Farheen Ali
Infection Of A Ventricular Septal Defect Patch With Acremonium Species, Nosheen Nasir, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Binish Arif Sultan, Afia Zafar, Aamir Hameed Khan, Muneer Amanullah, Farheen Ali
Section of Internal Medicine
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) patch infection with Acremonium species isolated from vegetation and blood culture is described. Antifungal treatment was discontinued after 3 months and patient developed relapse. Surgery with prolonged oral voriconazole was instituted with recovery. We emphasize importance of surgery and prolonged therapy to treat such infections.
Direct Detection Of Shigella In Stool Specimens By Use Of A Metagenomic Approach, Jie Liu, Mathieu Almeida, Furqan Kabir, Sadia Shakoor, Shahida Qureshi, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Shan Li, Boubou Tamboura, Samba O. Sow, Inacio Mandomando
Direct Detection Of Shigella In Stool Specimens By Use Of A Metagenomic Approach, Jie Liu, Mathieu Almeida, Furqan Kabir, Sadia Shakoor, Shahida Qureshi, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Shan Li, Boubou Tamboura, Samba O. Sow, Inacio Mandomando
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
The underestimation of Shigella species as a cause of childhood diarrhea disease has become increasingly apparent with quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based diagnostic methods versus culture. We sought to confirm qPCR-based detection of Shigella via a metagenomics approach. Three groups of samples were selected from diarrheal cases from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study: nine Shigella culture-positive and qPCR-positive (culture+ qPCR+) samples, nine culture-negative but qPCR-positive (culture- qPCR+) samples, and nine culture-negative and qPCR-negative (culture- qPCR-) samples. Fecal DNA was sequenced using paired-end Illumina HiSeq, whereby 3.26 × 108 ± 5.6 × 10 …
Frequency And Factors Associated With Adult Immunization In Patients Visiting Family Medicine Clinics At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Samar Zaki, Asma Usman, Swaleha Tariq, Sameena Shah, Iqbal Azam Syed, Waris Qidwai, Kashmira Nanji
Frequency And Factors Associated With Adult Immunization In Patients Visiting Family Medicine Clinics At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi, Samar Zaki, Asma Usman, Swaleha Tariq, Sameena Shah, Iqbal Azam Syed, Waris Qidwai, Kashmira Nanji
Department of Family Medicine
Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with adult immunization in patients visiting family medicine clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to March 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants more than 18 years were invited to participate in the study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp).
Results: A total of 340 patients were surveyed. The majority of patients …
Lipoblastoma: A Clinicopathologic Review Of 23 Cases From A Major Tertiary Care Center Plus Detailed Review Of Literature, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Zubair Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Naila Kayani Naila Kayani, Nasir Ud Din
Lipoblastoma: A Clinicopathologic Review Of 23 Cases From A Major Tertiary Care Center Plus Detailed Review Of Literature, Jamshid Abdul Ghafar, Zubair Ahmad, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Naila Kayani Naila Kayani, Nasir Ud Din
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: Lipoblastoma is a rare neoplasm that occurs mostly in infants and children. Although benign, it has a tendency for local recurrence.
Results: Clinical and pathological features of 23 cases of lipoblastoma described. Patients’ age ranged from 8 months to 18 years with mean and median age 4.1 and 2.5 years, respectively. Male:female ratio was 2.8:1. Most common sites were lower extremities (9 cases), followed by abdominal cavity and retroperitoneum (4 cases), and scrotum/groin (3 cases). Grossly, 22 tumors were well circumscribed and multi nodular. All cases showed lobules composed of adi‑ pocytes and lipoblasts with intervening fbrous septa and …
Methylation In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Is Lineage Specific With Associated Mutations Present Globally, Jody Phelan, Paola Florez De Sessions, Leopold Tientcheu, Joao Perdigao, Diana Machado, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan, Indra L. Bergval, Richard Anthony, Ruth Mcnerney
Methylation In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Is Lineage Specific With Associated Mutations Present Globally, Jody Phelan, Paola Florez De Sessions, Leopold Tientcheu, Joao Perdigao, Diana Machado, Rumina Hasan, Zahra Hasan, Indra L. Bergval, Richard Anthony, Ruth Mcnerney
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of the genome involved in regulating crucial cellular processes, including transcription and chromosome stability. Advances in PacBio sequencing technologies can be used to robustly reveal methylation sites. The methylome of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is poorly understood but may be involved in virulence, hypoxic survival and the emergence of drug resistance. In the most extensive study to date, we characterise the methylome across the 4 major lineages of M. tuberculosis and 2 lineages of M. africanum, the leading causes of tuberculosis disease in humans. We reveal lineage-specific methylated motifs and strain-specific mutations that are …
A Comparison Of Three Diagnostic Platforms For The Detection Of Influenza A And B In Children, Furqan Kabir, Marvi Tariq, Fatima Aziz, Syed Imran Rizvi, Shahida Qureshi, Syed Asad Ali, Najeeha Talat Iqbal
A Comparison Of Three Diagnostic Platforms For The Detection Of Influenza A And B In Children, Furqan Kabir, Marvi Tariq, Fatima Aziz, Syed Imran Rizvi, Shahida Qureshi, Syed Asad Ali, Najeeha Talat Iqbal
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Viral flu is the predominant cause of hospitalization in young children, which invariably leads to enhanced morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Initial treatment of viral flu is based on presumptive diagnosis. Bedside testing is not common in clinical settings because of variable sensitivity and specificity of rapid tests in different settings.
Methods: To address this issue, we evaluated the performance of Binax influenza A/B rapid testing kit against two robust molecular platforms (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [qRT-PCR] and TaqMan array card [TAC]) in 24 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, collected from children under 5 years of age. …