Life Sciences Commons^™

Identification And Characterization Of Spcu, A Chaperone Required For Efficient Secretion Of The Exou Cytotoxin, Viviane Finck-Barbançon, Timothy L. Yahr, Dara W. Frank

Dartmouth Scholarship

In recent studies, we have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are acutely cytotoxic in vitro damage the lung epithelium in vivo. Genetic analysis indicated that the factor responsible for acute cytotoxicity was controlled by ExsA and therefore was part of the exoenzyme S regulon. The specific virulence determinant responsible for epithelial damage in vivo and cytotoxicity in vitro was subsequently mapped to the exoU locus. The present studies are focused on a genetic characterization of the exoU locus. Northern blot analyses and complementation experiments indicated that a region downstream of exoU was expressed and that the expression of this …

Regeneration Of Hair Cell Epithelia In The Chick And Salamander, Kenneth Detwiler

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The acousticolateralis sensory system is characterized by a specific receptor cell type called the sensory hair cell and is found in all vertebrates. There are two types of hair cell sensory epithelia based on location: those of the inner ear, such as the organs for hearing and balance, and the lateral line system located within the epidermis. In mammals, including humans, loss or damage of the hair cells of the auditorysystem results in permanent hearing loss. However, this is not the case with birds and amphibians. Amphibians, with a lateral line system, are capable of replacing lost or damaged hair …

The Role Of Gap Junctions In Congenital Diseases Of The Heart, Scott Henry Britz-Cunningham

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. Gap junctions are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. Connexin43, the major protein of gap junctions in the heart, is targeted by several protein kinases that regulate myocardial cell-cell coupling. We hypothesized that mutations altering sites critical to this regulation would lead to functional or developmental abnormalities of the heart.

Methods. Connexin43 DNA from 25 normal subjects and 30 children with a variety of congenital heart diseases was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Mutant DNA was expressed in cell culture and examined for its effect …

The Seca Subunit Of Escherichia Coli Preprotein Translocase Is Exposed To The Periplasm, Jerry Eichler, William Wickner

Dartmouth Scholarship

SecA undergoes conformational changes during translocation, inserting domains into and across the membrane or enhancing the protease resistance of these domains. We now show that some SecA bound at SecYEG is accessible from the periplasm to a membrane-impermeant probe in cells with a permeabilized outer membrane but an intact plasma membrane.

Animal Organs In Humans: Uncalculated Risks And Unanswered Questions, Gillian R. Langley, Joyce D'Silva

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

This report, produced jointly by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and Compassion in World Farming, fills a number of significant gaps in the current debate about xenotransplantation.

In this report we also summarise the ethical and welfare issues concerning experiments on animals for xenotransplant research and their possible use as source animals for organs. Both these aspects are responsible for much pain and distress caused to many animals. We prefer the term “source animals” to “donor animals”, because animals do not choose to donate their organs for xenotransplantation.

Assessment Of Side Effects Induced By Injection Of Different Adjuvant/Antigen Combinations In Rabbits And Mice, P.P.A.M. Leenaars, M. A. Koedam, P. W. Wester, V. Baumans, E. Claassen, C. F.M. Hendriksen

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA)and alternative adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (rabbits) and intraperitoneally (mice)with different adjuvants (FA, Specol, RIBI,TiterMax, Montanide ISA50)in combination with several types of antigens (synthetic peptides, autoantigen, glycolipid, protein, mycoplasma or viruses). The effects of treatment on the animals' well-being were assessed by clinical and behavioural changes (POTand LABORASassays) and gross and histopathological changes. In rabbits, treatment did not appear to induce acute or prolonged pain and distress. Mice showed behavioural changes immediately after (predominantly secondary) immunization. Injection of several adjuvant/antigen mixtures …

Identification Of Putative Cytoskeletal Protein Homologues In The Protozoan Host Hartmannella Vermiformis As Substrates For Induced Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Upon Attachment To The Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium, Legionella Pneumophila, Chandrasekar Venkataraman, Lian-Yang Gao, Subbarao Bondada, Yousef Abu Kwaik

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

The Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free living protozoa and mammalian cells. Invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. We have recently reported the identification of a galactose/N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) lectin in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis as a receptor for attachment and invasion by L. pneumophila (Venkataraman, C., B.J. Haack, S. Bondada, and Y.A. Kwaik. 1997. J. Exp. Med. 186:537–547). In this report, we extended our studies to the …

Reaction-Diffusion Models Of Cancer Dispersion, Kim Yvette Ward

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

The phenomenological modeling of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of one-dimensional models of cancer dispersion are studied. The models discussed pertain primarily to the transition of a tumor from an initial neoplasm to the dormant avascular state, i.e. just prior to the vascular state, whenever that may occur. Initiating the study is the mathematical analysis of a reaction-diffusion model describing the interaction between cancer cells, normal cells and growth inhibitor. The model leads to several predictions, some of which are supported by experimental data and clinical observations $\lbrack25\rbrack$. We will examine the effects of additional terms on these characteristics. …

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth R. Gillard, Arshad M. Khan, Rickinder S. Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany D. Wolfsohn, B. Glenn Stanley

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Enhancement Of Atp Levels And Glucose Metabolism During An Infection By Chlamydia: Nmr Studies Of Living Cells, David M. Ojcius, H. Degani, Joel Mispelter, Alice Dautry-Varsat

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular bacteria that proliferate only within the infected cell. Since the extracellular bacteria are metabolically inert and there are no cell-free systems for characterizingChlamydia metabolism, we studied metabolic changes related to ATP synthesis and glycolysis in HeLa cells infected withChlamydia psittaci during the course of the 2-day infection cycle using noninvasive 31P and 13C NMR methods. We find that the infection stimulates ATP synthesis in the infected cell, with a peak of ATP levels occurring midway through the infection cycle, when most of the metabolically active bacteria are proliferating. The infection also stimulates synthesis of …

Polyadenylation Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Mrna Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination At The Intercistronic Gene Junctions, Leroy N. Hwang, Nathan Englund, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3' AUACU₇5' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU …

Medical Students Development Of Empathic Understanding Of Their Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

No abstract provided.

Professional And Moral Development In Medical Students: The Ethics Of Caring For Patients, William T. Branch Jr. Md, Macp

William T.Branch Jr.MD

The young physician-in-training faces arduous tasks. Knowledge must be absorbed, and skills must be mastered. But, becoming a physician is a moral as well as an intellectual task. The attitudes and values that a young physician adopts will determine the way he or she practices, and be equally as important as intellectual and technical proficiency. Physicians-in-training are young adults. They have emerged from adolescence into adulthood, hopefully with a firm image of themselves and a self-awareness of their values and inner feelings.

Title, Fergus Ryan, D Devaney, Caroline Joyce, A Nestorowicz, M Permutt, Benjamin Glaser, Paul Thornton, David E. Barton

Articles

Persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy is most commonly caused by hyperinsulinism. A case is reported of the somatic loss of the maternal 11p in an insulin secreting focal adenoma in association with a germline SUR-1mutation on the paternal allele in a baby boy with hyperinsulinism diagnosed at 49 days old. A reduction to homozygosity of an SUR-1 mutation is proposed as a critical part of the cause of focal hyperinsulinism.

Molecular Analysis Of The Factor V-Leiden Mutation In A Cardiac Transplant Patient Population, Caroline Maher

Theses

Venous thrombosis is a serious health problem affecting 1 in 1000 individuals annually. Until recently the pathogenic factors underlying thrombosis were associated with genetic defects in protein C, protein S and antithrombin III. However these were recognised in fewer than 5-10% of thrombotic patients. A breakthrough was made with the discovery of activated protein C resistance (APCr) which is associated in 90% of cases v/herein a G-->A transition in the factor V gene results in an abnormal molecule, Factor V Leiden. APCr is a major risk factor for thrombosis being present in 20-60% of thrombotic patients. Recently a G-^A …

Eating Induced By Perifornical Camp Is Behaviorally Selective And Involves Protein Kinase Activity, Elizabeth R. Gillard, Arshad M. Khan, Bara Mouradi, Omkar Nalamwar, B. Glenn Stanley

Arshad M. Khan, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Per-Mile Premiums For Auto Insurance: Nber Version, Aaron S. Edlin

Aaron Edlin

No abstract provided.