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Marine Biology

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1997

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Assessment Of Shellfish Populations In The Great Bay Estuary, Richard Langan Dec 1997

Assessment Of Shellfish Populations In The Great Bay Estuary, Richard Langan

PREP Reports & Publications

No abstract provided.


Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum Dec 1997

Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum

Marine Science Faculty Publications

The objective of this model-data intercomparison is to determine the feasibility of deriving an useful index for fluctuations in the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow volume transport. Due to insufficient direct observations and the present limitations in numerical models, accurate estimation of variations in the throughflow transport on seasonal to interannual timescales is not yet possible; however, an index based on weighted, monthly mean sea level anomalies in different regions of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is presented. Numerical model results and sea level from the TQPEX/POSEIDON altimeter show that the large-scale pressure gradient forcing of the throughflow …


Draft: Plan For The Management Of The Houtman Abrolhos Islands Fish Habitat Protection Area (Schedule 1), Abrolhos Islands Management Advisory Council, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia Dec 1997

Draft: Plan For The Management Of The Houtman Abrolhos Islands Fish Habitat Protection Area (Schedule 1), Abrolhos Islands Management Advisory Council, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

This document is a separate draft plan which has been prepared to meet the requirements of Section 117 of the Fish Resources Management Act 1994. It contains a description of the area; outlines the purposes for which the area is to be set aside; and lists the recommendations contained in Fisheries Management Paper No. 104, Management of the Houtman Abrolhos System, which relate to the management of the proposed Fish Habitat Protection Area.


Management Of The Houtman Abrolhos System, Abrolhos Islands Management Advisory Council, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia Dec 1997

Management Of The Houtman Abrolhos System, Abrolhos Islands Management Advisory Council, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

In November 1995 Cabinet resolved that the Minister for Fisheries would establish the Abrolhos Islands Management Advisory Committee (AIMAC) pursuant to Section 42 of the Fish Resources Management Act 1994. The role of AIMAC is to advise the Minister for Fisheries about the management of the Abrolhos Islands and the adjoining State Territorial Waters, as detailed in Section 2.2.3.1 of this report. The AIMAC has overseen the preparation of this report on behalf of the Minister for Fisheries. This draft report contains a brief description of the Abrolhos System and its special values. It also states goals and objectives for …


Local Data Assimilation In Specification Of Open Boundary Conditions, Igor Shulman Dec 1997

Local Data Assimilation In Specification Of Open Boundary Conditions, Igor Shulman

Faculty Publications

A data assimilation approach to specify open boundary conditions is proposed. The boundary values are determined from the solution of the special optimization problem: minimization of the difference between the model and reference boundary values under the integral constraints on the open boundary. These constraints represent the energy, momentum, and mass fluxes through the open boundary. Reference values represent the a priori knowledge about the boundary values. They might be derived from observations, results of another model run, or from another approach to the specification of open boundary conditions. Optimized open boundary conditions are presented in detail for the barotropic …


Finite Difference Of Adjoint Or Adjoint Of Finite Difference?, Ziv Sirkes, Eli Tziperman Dec 1997

Finite Difference Of Adjoint Or Adjoint Of Finite Difference?, Ziv Sirkes, Eli Tziperman

Faculty Publications

Adjoint models are used for atmospheric and oceanic sensitivity studies in order to efficiently evaluate the sensitivity of a cost function (e.g., the temperature or pressure at some target time t(f), averaged over some region of interest) with respect to the three-dimensional model initial conditions. The time-dependent sensitivity, that is the sensitivity to initial conditions as function of the initial time t(i), may be obtained directly and most efficiently from the adjoint model solution. There are two approaches to formulating an adjoint of a given model. In the first (''finite difference of adjoint''), one derives the continuous adjoint equations from …


Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: Final Report, Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge Oct 1997

Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: Final Report, Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

Monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the vicinity of Port Everglades Southport began in September 1988 in anticipation of dredging of the Southport Turning Notch and concomitant mitigation of mangrove habitats at adjacent areas of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area. Twice-yearly surveys were carried out from September 1988 to January 1991 by Sheldon Dobkin (Florida Atlantic University), and subsequently, from August 1991 to January 1997, under the supervision of Charles G. Messing and Richard E. Dodge (Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center). From 1990 onward, surveyed sites consisted of 11 Ponar grab stations, 11 mangrove crab census stations, and three …


Evidence Of Widespread Destruction Of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (Sav) From Clam Dredging In Chincoteague Bay, Virginia, Kenenth A. Moore, Robert J. Orth Oct 1997

Evidence Of Widespread Destruction Of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation (Sav) From Clam Dredging In Chincoteague Bay, Virginia, Kenenth A. Moore, Robert J. Orth

Reports

Beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are important natural resources which are critical habitats for life stages of many commercially and recreationally important species of fish, crabs and shellfish in Virginia. SAV is comprised of rooted flowering plants which have historically grown throughout the Chesapeake Bay and Eastern Shore coastal lagoons in subtidal areas where water depths are less than 6 feet (Orth and Moore 1983). The presence of SAV in an area is indicative of water quality conditions which are low in nutrient enrichment and turbidity (Dennison et al. 1993). Given this relationship between water quality and growth, SAV …


Proposed Voluntary Fishery Adjustment Scheme. South Coast Purse Seine Managed Fishery., Committee Of Management Oct 1997

Proposed Voluntary Fishery Adjustment Scheme. South Coast Purse Seine Managed Fishery., Committee Of Management

Fisheries management papers

On 29 May 1997 the Minister for Fisheries established a Committee of Management in respect of the South Coast Purse Seine Managed Fishery under the Fisheries Adjustment Schemes Act 1987 (the Act). The initial function of the Committee of Management (the Committee) is to consider, in respect of the Fishery, the desirablity of the establishment of a Voluntary Fisheries Adjustment Scheme. This document constitutes the report of the desirability of a Scheme.


Small-Scale Settlement Patterns Of The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica On A Constructed Intertidal Reef, Ik Bartol, Roger L. Mann Oct 1997

Small-Scale Settlement Patterns Of The Oyster Crassostrea Virginica On A Constructed Intertidal Reef, Ik Bartol, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Articles

The construction of three-dimensional, intertidal reefs resembling those widely present during colonial times in the Chesapeake Bay, but now absent due to years of overharvesting, may provide a more ecologically advantageous environment for oyster settlement and subsequent survival than present subtidal, two-dimensional habitats. We examined settlement processes on a constructed, 210 x 30 m intertidal reef composed of oyster shell. The reef was destructively and non-destructively sampled weekly throughout the summer and fall at tidal heights ranging from 30 cm above to 90 cm below mean low water (MLW) and at two substrate levels (reef surface and 10 cm below …


Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) G-60 Site Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, November 1996 - January 1997, D. A. Hepworth, C. T. Friedrichs, L. D. Wright Oct 1997

Strata Formation On Margins (Strataform) G-60 Site Benthic Boundary Layer Tripod Data Report, November 1996 - January 1997, D. A. Hepworth, C. T. Friedrichs, L. D. Wright

Reports

No abstract provided.


Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot Oct 1997

Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Although volcanic cooling events have been detected in tree ring records, their occurrence in marine records has received much less attention, Herein we report results from a 335-year oxygen isotope record (1657-1992) from a New Caredonia coral indicating that as many as 16 interannual-scale cooling events occur within 1 year of a volcanic eruption as determined by ice core records, There are also pentadal/decadal-scale cooling events beginning in 1675, 1813, and 1903 that immediately postdate volcanic eruptions. However, the interannual correspondences are complicated by the fact that some of the cooling events also coincide with El Ninos, which cause cooling …


Draft: Optimising The Worth Of The Lobster Catch: Options And Issues, Marec Pty Ltd Sep 1997

Draft: Optimising The Worth Of The Lobster Catch: Options And Issues, Marec Pty Ltd

Fisheries management papers

The purpose of this document is to contribute to informed discussion on alternative measures which might be adopted to optimise the worth of the lobster catch. In doing so, it provides a number of possible initiatives which could be more closely examined for adoption. Details of issues are provided which should be taken into consideration when assessing the various proposals. The industry as it is today is examined and assessed, and its achievements analysed. The possible initiatives proposed stem from this research. As a consequence of this document, the rock lobster industry could undertake to proceed with a detailed examination …


Discussion Paper: Future Management Of The Aquatic Charter Industry In Western Australia, Tour Operators Fishing Working Group Sep 1997

Discussion Paper: Future Management Of The Aquatic Charter Industry In Western Australia, Tour Operators Fishing Working Group

Fisheries management papers

The Tour Operators Fishing Working Group (TOFWG) was established by the Hon Monty House MLA, Minister for Fisheries, in recognition of the growing importance of this element of the tourism industry and in recognition of the need to ensure that the development of this industry occurs in an ecologically sustainable framework across the State. This discussion paper is the result of extensive consultation with the aquatic charter operators' industry by the TOFWG. Proposals outlined here for community discussion are intended to establish a management framework within which the aquatic charter operators’ industry may continue to develop, and which will ensure …


The Postlarval Phase Of Bivalve Mollusks: A Review Of Functional Ecology And New Records Of Postlarval Drifting Of Chesapeake Bay Bivalves, P Baker, Roger L. Mann Sep 1997

The Postlarval Phase Of Bivalve Mollusks: A Review Of Functional Ecology And New Records Of Postlarval Drifting Of Chesapeake Bay Bivalves, P Baker, Roger L. Mann

VIMS Articles

Many bivalve mollusks have one or more separate post-metamorphic stages which are functionally distinct from the late juvenile or the adult. The benthic plantigrade and the planktonic postlarva are defined and reviewed here. The plantigrade is a developmentally obligatory stage in mast bivalves. Various anatomical or conchological features, depending on taxa, are intermediate between the veliger and the juvenile. The plantigrade is benthic but highly mobile, via the foot and byssus, relative to the adult, although in some highly mobile bivalves, the plantigrade is functionally similar to the adult. The plantigrade may enter the water column briefly, but not nearly …


Time Series Measurements Of Chlorophyll Fluorescence In The Oceanic Bottom Boundary Layer With A Multisensor Fiber-Optic Fluorometer, Eurico J. Dsa, Steven E. Lohrenz, Vernon L. Asper, Roy A. Walters Aug 1997

Time Series Measurements Of Chlorophyll Fluorescence In The Oceanic Bottom Boundary Layer With A Multisensor Fiber-Optic Fluorometer, Eurico J. Dsa, Steven E. Lohrenz, Vernon L. Asper, Roy A. Walters

Faculty Publications

An in situ multisensor fiber-optic fluorometer (MFF) has been developed to acquire long-term chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in the oceanic bottom boundary layer to characterize the finescale pigment structure at vertical spatial scales comparable to physical measurements. The eight fluorescence sensors of the MFF are composed of dual optical fibers of varying lengths (1.5-8 m), with the fiber ends oriented at 30 degrees to each other and enclosed by a small light baffle. Strobe excitation blue light is passed through one of each pair of optical fibers and stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence is carried back to a photomultiplier. Two sets of four …


Marine Farm Planning And Consultation Processes In Western Australia, Dave Everall Aug 1997

Marine Farm Planning And Consultation Processes In Western Australia, Dave Everall

Fisheries management papers

The development of a sustainable aquaculture industry in Western Australia is considered to be a high priority by the Government. The marine farming industry has a bright future in Western Australia, but there is a need to balance its developing needs for suitable waters with those of existing activities, and with community expectations for accountability and transparency in the resolution of equity and resource sharing decisions. The purpose of this report is to review the existing planning and consultation processes for pearling and aquaculture in WA and recommend how they may be improved and incorporated into a single process. It …


Bacterioplankton Growth Responses To Temperature And Chlorophyll Variations In Estuaries Measured By Thymidine:Leucine Incorporation Ratio, Fk Shiah, Hw Ducklow Aug 1997

Bacterioplankton Growth Responses To Temperature And Chlorophyll Variations In Estuaries Measured By Thymidine:Leucine Incorporation Ratio, Fk Shiah, Hw Ducklow

VIMS Articles

To identify the biochemical response of heterotrophic bacterioplankton to changing environmental conditions, seasonal and diel cycles of bacterial protein and DNA synthesis rates were estimated in temperate estuarine habitats from H-3-leucine (Leu) and H-3-thymidine (TdR) incorporation rates. Several short-term temperature manipulation experiments (5 to 35 degrees C) and 2 mesocosm experiments were performed to examine the effects of temperature and substrate supply on the ratio of Leu:TdR, respectively. The molar ratio of Leu to TdR varied about 5-fold (5.6 to 29.5) in the field and the values of the ratio were lower and more constant during high temperature (>25 …


Thermophilic Bacterial Activity In A Deep-Sea Sediment From The Pacific Ocean, Fred C. Dobbs, Karen A. Selph Aug 1997

Thermophilic Bacterial Activity In A Deep-Sea Sediment From The Pacific Ocean, Fred C. Dobbs, Karen A. Selph

OES Faculty Publications

Thermophilic bacterial activity was detected in a deep-sea sediment sample from the South Pacific Ocean at 12 degrees S, 135 degrees W, an area of the seafloor distant from known hydrothermal venting. Incubation of sediments amended with C-14-glutamate indicated maximal respiration (evolution of (CO2)-C-14) and assimilation (incorporation of C-14 into acid-precipitated macromolecules) of substrate at 52 degrees C, relative to 4 and 22 degrees C. A parallel experiment at another site (2 degrees S, 140 degrees W) yielded no evidence of thermophily. Thermophilic bacteria may be deposited in deep-sea sediments following their long-distance dispersal from hydrothermal vents (e.g. the East …


Vims Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (Hem-3d): Application Of The Hydrodynamic Model To The York River System, G. M. Sisson, Jian Shen, Sung-Chan Kim, John D. Boon Aug 1997

Vims Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Eutrophication Model (Hem-3d): Application Of The Hydrodynamic Model To The York River System, G. M. Sisson, Jian Shen, Sung-Chan Kim, John D. Boon

Reports

No abstract provided.


Changes In Reproductive Morphology And Physiology Observed In The Amphipod Crustacean, Melita Nitida Smith, Maintained In The Laboratory On Polluted Estuarine Sediments, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D., B. Borowsky, P. Aitken-Ander Jul 1997

Changes In Reproductive Morphology And Physiology Observed In The Amphipod Crustacean, Melita Nitida Smith, Maintained In The Laboratory On Polluted Estuarine Sediments, John T. Tanacredi Ph.D., B. Borowsky, P. Aitken-Ander

Faculty Works: CERCOM

An earlier study showed that the amphipod crustacean Melita nitida Smith maintained on sediments dosed with waste crankcase oil developed physiological and morphological abnormalities. Most notably, mature females developed abnormal setae along the edges of their brood plates. The present study was conducted to determine whether similar abnormalities might be induced in animals maintained on polluted field sediments containing petroleum by-products among other toxic substances. In the laboratory, heterosexual pairs were maintained on three sediments taken from Jamaica Bay (New York) plus one control sediment and one toxic substratum (Ulva lactuca (L.) thalli). The results mirrored the results of …


Modeling The Lower Chesapeake Bay Littoral Zone & Fringing Wetlands: Ecosystem Processes And Habitat Linkages Iii: Model Scenarios Related To Water Quality And Submersed Vegetation, Richard L. Wetzel, Christopher P. Buzzelli Jul 1997

Modeling The Lower Chesapeake Bay Littoral Zone & Fringing Wetlands: Ecosystem Processes And Habitat Linkages Iii: Model Scenarios Related To Water Quality And Submersed Vegetation, Richard L. Wetzel, Christopher P. Buzzelli

Reports

No abstract provided.


The Aquaculture Of Non-Endemic Species In Western Australia, Tina Thorne Jun 1997

The Aquaculture Of Non-Endemic Species In Western Australia, Tina Thorne

Fisheries management papers

This Management Paper has been drafted in liaison with the Department of Environmental Protection in accordance with the principles of risk assessment and taking into account translocation issues of non-endemic species such as redclaw (Cheras quadricarninatus). It is considered that the implementation of this policy will protect the natural environment and native crayfish species. It will also allow for the development of a redclaw industry, and provide the first step towards self regulation of that industry.


Sharp Frontal Interfaces In The Near-Surface Layer Of The Ocean In The Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas Jun 1997

Sharp Frontal Interfaces In The Near-Surface Layer Of The Ocean In The Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

During the TOGA COARE rich horizontal temperature and salinity variability of the near-surface layer of the ocean in the western Pacific warm pool was observed. High-resolution measurements were made by probes mounted on the bow of the vessel in an undisturbed region at ~1.7-m depth during four COARE cruises of the R/V Moana Wave. The authors observed several tens of cases of periodic sharp frontal interfaces of width 1– 100 m and separation 0.2–60 km. The sharp frontal interfaces were often found in frontal regions and on the periphery of freshwater puddles. Maneuvers of the ship were conducted to determine …


Phenotypic Plasticity In The Foot Size Of An Intertidal Snail, Gc Trussell Jun 1997

Phenotypic Plasticity In The Foot Size Of An Intertidal Snail, Gc Trussell

VIMS Articles

The risk of dislodgment due to hydrodynamic forces on rocky intertidal shores is greater on wave-exposed than an protected shores, and this:is believed to represent an important selective force in intertidal communities. For intertidal snails, the probability of dislodgment by a given flow is determined, in part, by shell size and shape, and by the attachment strength of the foot. This study addressed two questions. First, do habitat-specific differences in traits that reduce the risk of dislodgment of an intertidal snail(Littorina obtusata) parallel differences in wave energies? To address this question, I measured variation in (1) shell size (defined as …


Use Of Fluorescence Microscopy In An Assay Of Sperm Density For The Gorgonian Coral, Plexaura Kuna, Timothy D. Swain, K. Kim, H. R. Lasker Jun 1997

Use Of Fluorescence Microscopy In An Assay Of Sperm Density For The Gorgonian Coral, Plexaura Kuna, Timothy D. Swain, K. Kim, H. R. Lasker

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

The density of sperm in the water column during the broadcast spawning events of marine invertebrates is often undetermined or reported in terms of fertilization potential. The density of sperm during such events can be determined by directly counting numbers of spermatozoa using a modification of the acridine orange direct count (AODC) technique for enumerating bacteria. A number of variables in the handling and processing of samples may bias estimates. Sample collection in glass and rapid fixation and filtration are necessary for reproducible estimates. Once filtered, samples are stable for many months, and counts on filters that were poorly stained …


Observation Of Large Diurnal Warming Events In The Near-Surface Layer Of The Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas Jun 1997

Observation Of Large Diurnal Warming Events In The Near-Surface Layer Of The Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool, Alexander Soloviev, Roger Lukas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Because of the relatively calm winds which prevail over the western Pacific warm pool, the diurnal cycle of temperature in the near-surface layer of the ocean is often quite pronounced. During the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), very high resolution measurements of near-surface thermohaline and turbulence structures were made using bowmounted probes and a free-rising profiler. Experimental data demonstrate a strong dependence of near-surface thermal structure on weather conditions, In calm weather, SST was observed to exceed 33.25°C; this was associated with a diurnal warming of more than 3°C in the top I m of the ocean. A 1-D …


The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg Jun 1997

The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Current velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment from May 1990 to June 1991 are used to diagnose the upper-ocean zonal momentum balance at 08, 1408W. The flow field and associated zonal momentum flux divergence are fully three-dimensional over the upper 250 m, consistent with the earliest descriptions and theoretical ideas of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Estimates of the vertical stress divergence show dynamical flow regimes that change between the surface and the base of the EUC, being essentially linear (modified by nonlinearity) near the surface, weakly nonlinear at the EUC core, …


Phenotypic Selection In An Intertidal Snail: Effects Of A Catastrophic Storm, G. Trussell May 1997

Phenotypic Selection In An Intertidal Snail: Effects Of A Catastrophic Storm, G. Trussell

VIMS Articles

Littorina obtusata exhibits clear morphological variation (e.g. shell height, shell length, and aperture area) among shores differentially exposed to wave energies. Selection imposed by the hydrodynamic environment is often invoked to explain the correlation between morphology and wave exposure in intertidal organisms, but rarely is this hypothesis tested. I examined the effects of a catastrophic storm on the shell length and relative shell height and aperture area of L. obtusata populations on 2 protected and 1 wave-exposed share in New England (USA) to test this hypothesis. Snails sampled after the storm had relatively squatter shells than those sampled before the …


Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: August 1996 (Including A Summary Of Previous Survey Results, 1991-1996), Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge May 1997

Port Everglades Macroinvertebrate Monitoring: Monitoring Of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages At The Southport Turning Basin And Adjacent Areas Of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area: August 1996 (Including A Summary Of Previous Survey Results, 1991-1996), Charles G. Messing, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

This report documents the August 1996 monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Port Everglades Southport turning basin vicinity and adjacent areas of John U. Lloyd State Recreation Area. This is the eleventh monitoring effort of the series carried out by Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center. Samples were taken chiefly during the first two weeks of August although some sampling of crab stations was delayed until late September/early October.