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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Sensitivity Of The Carbon Cycle In The Arctic To Climate Change, A. David Mcguire, Leif G. Anderson, Torben R. Christensen, Scott Dallimore, Laodong Guo, Daniel J. Hayes, Martin Heimann, Robie W. Macdonald, Nigel Roulet
Sensitivity Of The Carbon Cycle In The Arctic To Climate Change, A. David Mcguire, Leif G. Anderson, Torben R. Christensen, Scott Dallimore, Laodong Guo, Daniel J. Hayes, Martin Heimann, Robie W. Macdonald, Nigel Roulet
Faculty Publications
The recent warming in the Arctic is affecting a broad spectrum of physical, ecological, and human/cultural systems that may be irreversible on century time scales and have the potential to cause rapid changes in the earth system. The response of the carbon cycle of the Arctic to changes in climate is a major issue of global concern, yet there has not been a comprehensive review of the status of the contemporary carbon cycle of the Arctic and its response to climate change. This review is designed to clarify key uncertainties and vulnerabilities in the response of the carbon cycle of …
A Method Of Successive Corrections Of The Control Subspace In The Reduced-Order Variational Data Assimilation, Max Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Gleb Panteleev
A Method Of Successive Corrections Of The Control Subspace In The Reduced-Order Variational Data Assimilation, Max Yaremchuk, Dmitri A. Nechaev, Gleb Panteleev
Faculty Publications
A version of the reduced control space four-dimensional variational method (R4DVAR) of data assimilation into numerical models is proposed. In contrast to the conventional 4DVAR schemes, the method does not require development of the tangent linear and adjoint codes for implementation. The proposed R4DVAR technique is based on minimization of the cost function in a sequence of low-dimensional subspaces of the control space. Performance of the method is demonstrated in a series of twin-data assimilation experiments into a nonlinear quasigeostrophic model utilized as a strong constraint. When the adjoint code is stable, R4DVAR's convergence rate is comparable to that of …
Remote Sensing And Mapping Of Tamarisk Along The Colorado River, Usa: A Comparative Use Of Summer-Acquired Hyperion, Thematic Mapper And Quickbird Data, Gregory A. Carter, Kelly L. Lucas, Gabriel A. Blossom, Cheryl L. Lassitter, Dan M. Holiday, David S. Mooneyhan, Danielle R. Fastring, Tracy R. Holcombe, Jerry A. Griffith
Remote Sensing And Mapping Of Tamarisk Along The Colorado River, Usa: A Comparative Use Of Summer-Acquired Hyperion, Thematic Mapper And Quickbird Data, Gregory A. Carter, Kelly L. Lucas, Gabriel A. Blossom, Cheryl L. Lassitter, Dan M. Holiday, David S. Mooneyhan, Danielle R. Fastring, Tracy R. Holcombe, Jerry A. Griffith
Faculty Publications
Tamarisk (Tamarix spp., saltcedar) is a well-known invasive phreatophyte introduced from Asia to North America in the 1800s. This report compares the efficacy of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM5), QuickBird (QB) and EO-1 Hyperion data in discriminating tamarisk populations near De Beque, Colorado, USA. As a result of highly correlated reflectance among the spectral bands provided by each sensor, relatively standard image analysis methods were employed. Multispectral data at high spatial resolution (QB, 2.5 m Ground Spatial Distance or GSD) proved more effective in tamarisk delineation than either multispectral (TM5) or hyperspectral (Hyperion) data at moderate spatial resolution (30 m …
Detecting Proteins In Highly Autofluorescent Cells Using Quantum Dot Antibody Conjugates, Karen M. Orcutt, Shanshan Ren, Kjell Gundersen
Detecting Proteins In Highly Autofluorescent Cells Using Quantum Dot Antibody Conjugates, Karen M. Orcutt, Shanshan Ren, Kjell Gundersen
Faculty Publications
We have applied quantum dot (Qdot) antibody conjugates as a biomolecular probe for cellular proteins important in biogeochemical cycling in the sea. Conventional immunological methods have been hampered by the strong autofluorescence found in cyanobacteria cells. Qdot conjugates provide an ideal alternative for studies that require long-term imaging of cells such as detection of low abundance cellular antigens by fluorescence microscopy. The advantage of Qdot labeled probes over conventional immunological methods is the photostability of the probe. Phycoerythrin bleaches in cyanobacterial cells under prolonged UV or blue light excitation, which means that the semiconducting nanocrystal probe, the Qdot, can yield …
Morphological Deformities As Biomarkers In Fish From Contaminated Rivers In Taiwan, Peter Lin Sun, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson
Morphological Deformities As Biomarkers In Fish From Contaminated Rivers In Taiwan, Peter Lin Sun, William E. Hawkins, Robin M. Overstreet, Nancy J. Brown-Peterson
Faculty Publications
Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) were collected seasonally from four contaminated rivers in southwestern Taiwan for studies of morphological deformities that could be used as biomarkers of contamination. Morphological deformities found in tilapia were separated into 15 categories. Overall, the prevalence of deformities such as split fins, lower lip extension and gill deformities were significantly related to various water quality parameters, including low DO and high ammonium, lead and zinc concentrations. The persistence of tilapia in polluted waters and the development of a suite of morphological deformities suggest that tilapia can be used as sentinels of non-point source pollution in rivers.
Chemical And Isotopic Characterization Of Size-Fractionated Organic Matter From Cryoturbated Tundra Soils, Northern Alaska, Chunhao Xu, Laodong Guo, Chien-Lu Ping, Daniel M. White, Thomas D. Lorenson
Chemical And Isotopic Characterization Of Size-Fractionated Organic Matter From Cryoturbated Tundra Soils, Northern Alaska, Chunhao Xu, Laodong Guo, Chien-Lu Ping, Daniel M. White, Thomas D. Lorenson
Faculty Publications
Recent studies indicate a second layer of organic matter often accumulates in the lower active layer and upper permafrost in arctic tundra soils as a result of cryoturbation. In this study, cryoturbated organic matter was characterized using a combination of physical size fractionation and modern analytical techniques for elemental composition (C and N), stable isotopes (delta(13) C and delta(15)N), radiocarbon content (Delta(14)C), and molecular fingerprinting (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Py-GC/MS). The results indicated that cryoturbated organic matter could be highly bioavailable. Soil organic matter (SOM) associated with fine sand particles was considered to be the organic carbon pool most sensitive to …
On The Mechanisms Of Episodic Salinity Outflow Events In The Strait Of Hormuz, Prasad G. Thoppil, Patrick J. Hogan
On The Mechanisms Of Episodic Salinity Outflow Events In The Strait Of Hormuz, Prasad G. Thoppil, Patrick J. Hogan
Faculty Publications
Observations in the Strait of Hormuz (26.26 degrees N, 56.08 degrees E) during 1997-98 showed substantial velocity fluctuations, accompanied by episodic changes in the salinity outflow events with amplitude varying between 1 and 2 psu on time scales of several days to a few weeks. These events are characterized by a rapid increase in salinity followed by an abrupt decline. The mechanisms behind these strong pulses of salinity events are investigated with a whigh-resolution (similar to 1 km) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) with particular reference to the year 2005. In accordance with the observations, the simulated salinity events are …
Historical Account Of The Two Family-Group Names In Use For The Single Accepted Family Comprising The "Fish Blood Flukes", Stephen A. Bullard, Kirsten Jensen, Robin M. Overstreet
Historical Account Of The Two Family-Group Names In Use For The Single Accepted Family Comprising The "Fish Blood Flukes", Stephen A. Bullard, Kirsten Jensen, Robin M. Overstreet
Faculty Publications
The family-group name for the "fish blood flukes" is unstable, with both "Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912" and "Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907 "in use for the single family. Although "Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907" (or "Graff, 1907") has been a widely-accepted family-group name for the fish blood flukes subsequent to Yamaguti's 1954 and 1958 synoptical publications ("Systema Helminthum"), a critical examination of the relevant literature, much of it published in German during 1900 through 1926, reveals that "Aporocotylidae Odhner, 1912" is the earliest available family-group name for these flukes. The name Aporocotylidae, moreover, was in wide usage by alpha taxonomists before 1954 and …
Satellite-Detected Fluorescence Reveals Global Physiology Of Ocean Phytoplankton, Michael J. Behrenfeld, T.K. Westberry, Emmanuel Boss, R.T. O'Malley, D.A. Siegel, Jerry D. Wiggert, B.A. Franz, G.C. Feldman, S.C. Doney, J.K. Moore, G. Dall'olmo, A.J. Milligan, I. Lima, N. Mahowald
Satellite-Detected Fluorescence Reveals Global Physiology Of Ocean Phytoplankton, Michael J. Behrenfeld, T.K. Westberry, Emmanuel Boss, R.T. O'Malley, D.A. Siegel, Jerry D. Wiggert, B.A. Franz, G.C. Feldman, S.C. Doney, J.K. Moore, G. Dall'olmo, A.J. Milligan, I. Lima, N. Mahowald
Faculty Publications
Phytoplankton photosynthesis links global ocean biology and climate-driven fluctuations in the physical environment. These interactions are largely expressed through changes in phytoplankton physiology, but physiological status has proven extremely challenging to characterize globally. Phytoplankton fluorescence does provide a rich source of physiological information long exploited in laboratory and field studies, and is now observed from space. Here we evaluate the physiological underpinnings of global variations in satellite-based phytoplankton chlorophyll fluorescence. The three dominant factors influencing fluorescence distributions are chlorophyll concentration, pigment packaging effects on light absorption, and light-dependent energy-quenching processes. After accounting for these three factors, resultant global distributions of …
Genetic Variation For Carcass Quality Traits In Cultured Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax), Eric A. Saillant, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Marie Sabourault, Pierrick Haffray, Stanislas Laureau, Marie-Odile Vidal, Béatrice Chatain
Genetic Variation For Carcass Quality Traits In Cultured Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax), Eric A. Saillant, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Marie Sabourault, Pierrick Haffray, Stanislas Laureau, Marie-Odile Vidal, Béatrice Chatain
Faculty Publications
Genetic parameters for carcass quality traits were estimated in 27 families of sea bass (3 dams x 9 sires factorial mating design), raised mixed in the same tanks starting before hatching. O. spring parentage was determined a posteriori using 6 microsatellite loci. Carcass quality traits were recorded at 818 days post fertilization (mean standard length: 32.6 +/- 3.1 cm). Genetic parameters were estimated from the sire half sib variance and covariance components. Heritability of body weight (BW) and carcass processing traits (standardized to body weight) percent head weight (Head%), percent viscera weight (Viscera%) and percent visceral fat weight (VisceFat%) were …
Seal Bounties In Maine And Massachusetts, 1888 To 1962, Barbarai Lelli, David Harris Ph.D, Aboueissa Abouel-Makarim
Seal Bounties In Maine And Massachusetts, 1888 To 1962, Barbarai Lelli, David Harris Ph.D, Aboueissa Abouel-Makarim
Faculty Publications
Maine and Massachusetts paid bounties on seals during the 19th and 20th centuries. To determine the number of seals killed for bounty, we examined historical records of bounty claims, and used geographic information systems and multiple linear regression to find predictors of places where large numbers of bounties were paid. We found records of 24,831 bounties paid in Maine (1891-1945) and 15,690 in Massachusetts (1888-1962), Considering possible fraud, missing data, and seals struck and lost, this suggests that 72,284 to 135,498 seals were killed in the bounty hunt, probably enough to account for regional declines in seal populations. Larger numbers …
Impacts Of Marine Docks On Eelgrass In New England: A Spreadsheet-Based Model For Managers And Planners, David M. Burdick, Frederick T. Short, Gregg Moore
Impacts Of Marine Docks On Eelgrass In New England: A Spreadsheet-Based Model For Managers And Planners, David M. Burdick, Frederick T. Short, Gregg Moore
Faculty Publications
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