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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
An Analysis Of Gulf Of Maine Cod Metapopulation Structure And Localized Stability, With Application To Area-Based Fisheries Management, Derek Olson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The complex metapopulation structure of groundfish stocks in the Gulf of Maine, particularly Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), is largely ignored under the current system of broad-scale stock assessment and management. This mismatch of biological and administrative scales has contributed to severe overall stock decline and localized serial depletion of Gulf of Maine cod. Such chronic management failure has led to growing calls for a more area-based, finer-scale approach to managing groundfish in the Gulf of Maine. A primary difficulty hindering the development of finer-scale groundfish management has been the challenge of estimating fishing mortality upon local stock components. …
Roles Of Siphon Flows In Suspension Feeding, Kevin Du Clos
Roles Of Siphon Flows In Suspension Feeding, Kevin Du Clos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Benthic marine suspension feeders provide an important link between benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The strength of this link is determined by suspension-feeding rates. Many studies have measured suspension-feeding rates using indirect clearance-rate methods, which are based on the depletion of suspended particles. Direct methods that measure the flow of water itself are less common, but they can be more broadly applied because clearance-rate measurements are affected by properties of the cleared particles. We present pumping rates for three species of suspension feeders, the clams Mya arenaria and Mercenaria mercenaria and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, calculated using a direct method …
The Forgotten Cousin In Freshwater Community Ecology: Tidal Freshwater Wetlands, Jack R. Mclachlan
The Forgotten Cousin In Freshwater Community Ecology: Tidal Freshwater Wetlands, Jack R. Mclachlan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tidal freshwaters are unique in their placement in the landscape, forming where freshwater riverine flows are sufficient to overwhelm the saline water of the incoming tide, but not strong enough to suppress tidal water-height fluctuations. Tidal freshwaters and their wetlands have been overlooked by freshwater and marine researchers alike; neither discipline considers tidal freshwaters to fall under their purview. Invertebrate communities in tidal freshwaters are thought to be species depauperate; the consensus is that they support fewer taxa than nearby non-tidal freshwaters, but little is known about how these communities are structured. This study investigated how tidal hydrology, an atypical …
Environmental Dna Detection Of Invasive Species, Geneva York
Environmental Dna Detection Of Invasive Species, Geneva York
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Invasive species cause catastrophic changes to environments they are introduced into. Early detection offers the best chance at controlling the spread and mitigating any potential damages caused by the invaders. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a more sensitive and cost effective alternative to traditional survey approaches to detection. In this study, I designed primer-probe sets for use in quantitative PCR detection of three invasive Centrarchid species, Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus). I surveyed 21 water bodies in Maine during two seasons (winter and spring). I …
Hydroacoustic Analysis Of The Effects Of A Tidal Power Turbine On Fishes, Haley Viehman
Hydroacoustic Analysis Of The Effects Of A Tidal Power Turbine On Fishes, Haley Viehman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tidal currents help shape coastal marine environments and are essential in life cycles of many fish species. Areas with strong tidal currents are also targeted by humans for energy extraction via tidal energy turbines. The effects of these devices on fishes are difficult to predict because fish behavior within fast tidal currents is largely unstudied. Based at a tidal energy site in Cobscook Bay, Maine, this work sought to describe fish reactions to a tidal energy device, to understand the natural presence of fish at the site, and to provide guidance for future monitoring of tidal energy device effects in …
Linking Rising Pco2 And Temperature To The Larval Development, Physiology And Gene Expression Of The American Lobster (Homarus Americanus), Jesica Waller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Anthropogenic warming and ocean acidification are occurring as CO2 continues to accumulate in the atmosphere (OA). Few studies have evaluated the joint effects of elevated temperature and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2)on marine organisms. In this study we investigated the interactive effects of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted temperature and pCO2 for the end of the 21st century on key aspects of larval development of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, an otherwise well-studied, iconic, and commercially prominent species in the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. Our experiments showed …
Population Genetic Structure Of Softshell Clams (Mya Arenaria) With Regard To A Saxitoxin-Resistant Mutation And Neutral Genetic Markers In The Gulf Of Maine, Jennifer Phillips
Population Genetic Structure Of Softshell Clams (Mya Arenaria) With Regard To A Saxitoxin-Resistant Mutation And Neutral Genetic Markers In The Gulf Of Maine, Jennifer Phillips
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The softshell clam, Mya arenaria, is a commercially important bivalve species that is found in soft-bottom intertidal habitats throughout the Gulf of Maine, USA. This species is subjected to seasonal blooms of the toxic algae Alexandrium spp., and acts as a vector for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) during harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Some clams possess a naturally occurring genetic mutation of their voltage-gated sodium channels that grants them a resistance to the paralytic effects of saxitoxin (STX) produced by Alexandrium spp. The mutation allows these individuals to continue feeding during HABs, and greatly increases their tissue toxicity through …
Size As A Trait For Understanding The Role Of Zooplankton In The Biological Carbon Pump, Karen Stamieszkin
Size As A Trait For Understanding The Role Of Zooplankton In The Biological Carbon Pump, Karen Stamieszkin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Living organisms impact carbon transport between the atmosphere and the ocean through the biological carbon pump. Some plankton communities augment carbon export from the ocean’s surface, and are thought to have a major role in global climate. These export communities are often characterized by larger organisms that sink to depths where the carbon they contain is sequestered from the atmosphere. Zooplankton can enhance export by aggregating prey into larger sinking fecal pellets; however fecal pellet flux is a highly variable component of the biological carbon pump. Relating plankton trophic dynamics to changes in particulate carbon flux is an important step …
Social And Ecological Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Aquaculture, Karen Pianka
Social And Ecological Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Aquaculture, Karen Pianka
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Commercial fishermen in Maine are increasingly dependent upon the American lobster fishery, and this reliance on a single species poses a threat to working waterfronts. Aquaculture represents a potential opportunity for commercial fishermen to diversify their income. Literature on the adoption of innovation suggests that factors such as age, education level, fishing experience, diversification, and leadership are important predictors of early adoption of innovation. However, few studies have examined whether such factors affect the adoption of aquaculture by commercial fishermen. Our marine policy research studied fishermen enrolled in two pilot shellfish and seaweed aquaculture classes held in 2013 in Harpswell …
Assessment Of A Hatchery Based Rainbow Smelt Supplementation Effort, Andrew O'Malley
Assessment Of A Hatchery Based Rainbow Smelt Supplementation Effort, Andrew O'Malley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) are an important fish distributed throughout northeastern North America with both anadromous and landlocked populations. Abundance, size at age, and maximum size vary widely among populations and life histories. In order to compare anadromous and landlocked populations, we collected spawning adults in 2014 from four anadromous and three landlocked populations. Scales and otoliths from the anadromous fish were examined and compared for estimates of bias and precision in ageing. Analysis of both scales and otoliths provided age estimates that were acceptable, but estimates from scales were more precise and had less bias. Otoliths were …
Highly Seasonal Reproduction In Desmophyllum Dianthus From The Northern Patagonian Fjords, Keri Feehan
Highly Seasonal Reproduction In Desmophyllum Dianthus From The Northern Patagonian Fjords, Keri Feehan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the basic reproductive biology and seasonality of the Patagonian fjord coral Desmophyllum dianthus. Desmophyllum dianthus is a deep-sea solitary scleractinian found throughout the world’s oceans and an important benthic habitat builder. The Chilean Patagonian fjords are the only known location where this species occurs >50 m and thus are the only place to collect samples efficiently, effectively and economically. Corals were collected via SCUBA approximately every three months (when conditions permitted) from August 2012 to September 2013 from three sites within the Northern Patagonian fjords – Lilihuape (n=76) and Punta Huinay …