Life Sciences Commons^™

Remote Concussion History Does Not Affect Visually-Guided Reaching In Young Adult Females, Christopher James Fueger, Lauren E. Sergio, Sabine Heuer, Labina Petrovska, Wendy E. Huddleston

Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Aim: We examined the long-term effects of concussions in young adult females on visuomotor behavior during a visually-guided reaching task of various complexities. Materials & methods: 20 females with a history of longer than 6 months since a concussion and 20 healthy females quickly and accurately performed a delayed reach to a previously cued target. Results: As both cognitive and motor load increased, task performance decreased for both groups (p < 0.05). However, contrary to our primary hypothesis, no differences in task performance were found between the two experimental groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The young adult females with a remote history of concussion demonstrated no deficits in visuomotor behavior on an attention-mediated reaching task as compared with control participants.

Lay abstract: …

Tunnel-Tube And Fourier Methods For Measuring Three-Dimensional Medium Reaction Force In Burrowing Animals, Alexis Moore Crisp, Clinton J. Barnes, David V. Lee

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Subterranean digging behaviors provide opportunities for protection, access to prey, and predator avoidance for a diverse array of vertebrates, yet studies of the biomechanics of burrowing have been limited by the technical challenges of measuring kinetics and kinematics of animals moving within a medium. We describe a new system for measuring 3D reaction forces during burrowing, called a ‘tunnel-tube’, which is composed of two, separately instrumented plastic tubes: an ‘entry tube’ with no medium, in series with a ‘digging tube’ filled with medium. Mean reaction forces are measured for a digging bout and Fourier analysis is used to quantify the …

Exercise Recommendations For Cardiac Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain, Peter Ronai

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Musculoskeletal comorbidities (MSKCs) are the most frequent cause of activity limitations in persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and affect as many as 70% of this population. It has been observed that over 50% of new outpatient cardiac rehabilitation participants experience some musculoskeletal pain, with back pain reported by up to 38% of cardiac rehabilitation patients. Back pain can limit performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and reduce exercise tolerance and compliance during outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This article will describe ways to facilitate CR exercise participation in patients who have comorbid, chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) and have …

Maternal Digital Media Use During Infant Feeding And The Quality Of Feeding Interactions, Alison K. Ventura, Jordyn Levy, Sierra Sheeper

Kinesiology and Public Health

Experimental research with parents of older children suggests parents’ engagement with technological devices (e.g., television, mobile devices) in the presence of their children decreases the quality of parent-child interactions. Many mothers report frequent use of technological devices during infant feeding but, to date, few studies have explored the potential association between maternal technological device use during feeding and the quality of infant feeding interactions. To this end, mothers (n = 25) and their infants (mean age = 19.3 ± 6.4 weeks) participated in a within-subject, experimental study to explore associations between maternal digital media use and feeding interaction quality …

Effects Of The French Contrast Method On Maximum Strength And Vertical Jumping Performance, Mathew L. Welch, Eric T. Lopatofsky, Jared R. Morris, Christopher B. Taber

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: French Contrast Method (FCM) was first created by French track and field coach Gilles Cometti. Anecdotally, FCM is widely utilized by strength and conditioning coaches in their programming for athletes. However, research on the effectiveness of this method is limited. Methods: A pre-post design was used to examine the effects of FCM on maximum strength and vertical jumping performance. A total of 10 weight-trained males volunteered to participate in this study (Age: 21.84±2.38, Height: 175.37±4.94, Body Mass: 80.6±11.11 Training Age: 4.7±2.3, one repetition maximum (1RM) Back Squat: 136.9±37.14, 1RM Trap Bar Deadlift: 189±42.85).

Kinematic Differences Between The Front And Back Squat And Conventional And Sumo Deadlift, Jovana Kasovic, Benjamin Martin, Christopher A. Fahs

Student Scholarship

Differences between the front and back squat and conventional and sumo deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3213–3219, 2019—The average concentric velocity (ACV) of a resistance exercise movement is inversely related to the load lifted. Previous work suggests that different resistance exercises differ in ACV at the same relative load. Currently, there is limited evidence to determine whether the style of exercise (e.g., front or back squat [BS]; sumo-style or conventional-style deadlift) also affects the load-velocity profile or other kinematic variables such as the peak concentric velocity (PCV) and linear displacement (LD). The purpose of this study was to compare …

Changes In Human Walking Dynamics Induced By Uneven Terrain Are Reduced With Ongoing Exposure, But A Higher Variability Persists, Jenny A. Kent, Joel H. Sommerfeld, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

During walking, uneven terrain alters the action of the ground reaction force from stride to stride. The extent to which such environmental inconsistencies are withstood may be revealed by the regulation of whole-body angular momentum (L) during walking. L quantifies the balance of momenta of the body segments (thigh, trunk, etc.) about their combined center of mass, and remains close to zero during level walking. A failure to constrain L has been linked to falls. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of young adults to orchestrate their movement on uneven terrain, illustrated by the …

Finding Latent Groups In Observed Data: A Primer On Latent Profile Analysis In Mplus For Applied Researchers, Sarah L. Ferguson, E. Whitney G. Moore, Darrell M. Hull

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The present guide provides a practical guide to conducting latent profile analysis (LPA) in the Mplus software system. This guide is intended for researchers familiar with some latent variable modeling but not LPA specifically. A general procedure for conducting LPA is provided in six steps: (a) data inspection, (b) iterative evaluation of models, (c) model fit and interpretability, (d) investigation of patterns of profiles in a retained model, (e) covariate analysis, and (f) presentation of results. A worked example is provided with syntax and results to exemplify the steps.

Relation Between Relative Handgrip Strength, Chronological Age And Physiological Age With Lower Functional Capacity In Older Women, Wylker Souza Saraiva, Jonato Prestes, Silvana Schwerz Funghetto, James Wilfred Navalta, Ramires Alsamir Tibana, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Purpose: Relative handgrip strength (RHGS), Aged Based on Exercise Stress Testing (A-BEST), and chronological age were evaluated as predictors of impaired mobility in older women. Methods: Participants included 88 older women (mean age 68.13±6.02 years) referred for exercise stress testing. Estimated physiological age was computed based on exercise capacity, chronotropic reserve index, heart rate recovery, and medication that could affect heart rate. RHGS was measured using a validated handgrip hydraulic dynamometer and mobility was evaluated by timed up and go test (TUG-test). A hierarchical multiple regression predicted TUG-test performance from A-BEST, chronological age and RHGS. Results: After adjustment for diabetes, …

Salt Restriction Lowers Blood Pressure At Rest And During Exercise Without Altering Peripheral Hemodynamics In Hypertensive Individuals, Stephen M. Ratchford, Ryan M. Broxterman, Taylor La Salle, Oh-Sung Kwon, Song-Young Park, Paul N. Hopkins, Russell S. Richardson, Joel D. Trinity

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Dietary salt restriction is a well-established approach to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular disease risk in hypertensive individuals. However, little is currently known regarding the effects of salt restriction on central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to exercise in those with hypertension. Therefore, this study sought to determine the impact of salt restriction on the central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to static-intermittent handgrip (HG) and dynamic single-leg knee extension (KE) exercise in individuals with hypertension. Twenty-two subjects (14 men and 8 women, 51 ± 10 yr, 173 ± 11 cm, 99 ± 23 kg) forewent their antihypertensive medication use for …

Abstract 482: Differences In Ground Reaction Forces And Chest Compression Release Velocity In Professional And Lay Rescuers With And Without The Use Of Real-Time Cpr Feedback, Lyra Clark, Ben Senderling, Jeff R. Gould, Chris Kaufman, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Purpose: Chest compression release velocity (CCRV) has been associated with survival and favorable neurological outcome after cardiac resuscitation. Both complete chest release and high CCRV contribute to improved venous return during CPR. Differences in compression forces delivered by professional and lay rescuers are reported, which may contribute to differences in CCRV. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate differences in ground reaction force (GRF) and CCRV between professional and lay rescuers during CPR performed on a manikin with and without real-time feedback.

Methods: Professional (n = 5) and lay rescuers (n = 11) performed two minutes of continuous …

Effect Of Sampling Frequency On Fractal Fluctuations During Treadmill Walking, Vivien Marmelat, Austin Duncan, Shane Meltz

Journal Articles

The temporal dynamics of stride-to-stride fluctuations in steady-state walking reveal important information about locomotor control and can be quantified using so-called fractal analyses, notably the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Gait dynamics are often collected during treadmill walking using 3-D motion capture to identify gait events from kinematic data. The sampling frequency of motion capture systems may impact the precision of event detection and consequently impact the quantification of stride-to-stride variability. This study aimed i) to determine if collecting multiple walking trials with different sampling frequency affects DFA values of spatiotemporal parameters during treadmill walking, and ii) to determine the reliability …

Flc: Acue, Angel Castro

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

Continual education for faculty members working at such a prestigious educational institution, like California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB), must come as second nature. The Association of College and University Educators (ACUE) offered a 25-module online course in Effective Teaching Practices to various cohorts within CSUSB compiling various well-known teaching methodologies that expanded the knowledge of pedagogy for those faculty members who had an opportunity to be in each cohort. The modules covered topics like designing an effective syllabus for a course, allow instructors to have a productive learning environment within the classroom, promote deeper levels of learning and thinking, …

Test-Retest Reliability And Minimum Detectable Change For Various Frontal Plane Projection Angles During Dynamic Tasks, David M. Werner, Stephanie Di Stasi, Cara L. Lewis, Joaquin Alberto Barrios

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objective: Establish between-day test-retest reliability metrics for 2-dimensional frontal plane projection angles (FPPAs) during the lateral step-down (LSD), single-limb squat (SLS), single-limb landing (SLL), and drop vertical jump (DVJ).

Design: Test-retest reliability study

Setting: University laboratory

Participants: 20 healthy adults (12 female, age = 23.60±1.93 years old, body mass index = 24.26±2.54 kg/m²) were tested on 2 separate occasions 7-14 days apart.

Main Outcome Measures: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard errors of the measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) values across the LSD, SLS, SLL, and DVJ for the following body region variables: trunk, trunk on pelvis, …

Creating An Interprofessional Collaborative Research Opportunity For Physical And Occupational Therapy Students, Anne Fleischer, Mary Insana Fisher, Shirley P. O'Brien

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) professional associations assert the importance that entry-level therapists learn and apply the knowledge and skills necessary for interprofessional collaborative practice; however, the majority of PT and OT programs do not have the other discipline at their university. A challenge exists for the creation of a transparent active learning opportunity promoting interprofessional student engagement when the two professions do not reside in the same university. This case study provides a model for how to feasibly create an interprofessional experience for students in universities that do not include a complementary or collaborative allied health professional …

A Pilot Study To Examine The Impact Of Beta-Alanine Supplementation On Anaerobic Exercise Performance In Collegiate Rugby Athletes, Charles R. Smith, Patrick S. Harty, Richard A. Stecker, Chad M. Kerksick

Faculty Scholarship

Beta-alanine (BA) is a precursor to carnosine which functions as a buffer assisting in the maintenance of intracellular pH during high-intensity efforts. Rugby is a sport characterized by multiple intermittent periods of maximal or near maximal efforts with short periods of rest/active recovery. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of six weeks of beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic performance measures in collegiate rugby players. Twenty-one male, collegiate rugby players were recruited, while fifteen completed post-testing (Mean ± SD; Age: 21.0 ± 1.8 years, Height: 179 ± 6.3 cm, Body Mass: 91.8 ± 13.3 kg, % Body …

Impact Of Hydration Status On Electromyography And Ratings Of Perceived Exertion During The Vertical Jump, Paul T. Donahue, Samuel J. Wilson, Charles C. Williams, Melinda Valliant, John C. Garner

Faculty Publications

Background: The vertical jumping task is commonly used to assess lower-body power output in athletic populations, in addition to being commonly used to during investigations of hydration and anaerobic performance. Changes in neuromuscular function during a hypohydrated state have been proposed as a potential mechanism to decreases in anaerobic performance.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of hydration state on electromyography during the vertical jumping task.

Methods: Twenty recreationally trained males were tested in three hydration conditions (hypohydrated, euhydrated, and control). Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of the vastus lateralis, vastus …

Running Economy - A Comprehensive Review For Passive Force Generation, Christos Ziliaskoudis, Song-Young Park, Sang-Ho Lee

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Running economy is considered a major determinant of distance running performance. Enhancing the body’s ability for passive force generation could have a positive effect on running economy by minimizing the energy cost required for the propulsion of the body. Thus, the purpose of this comprehensive review was to provide a list of modifiable factors that promote this ability. The interest was focused on lower-limb stiffness, as it is a factor of great influence and at the same time can be modified with training and specific biomechanical adjustments. Although it appears that no clear instructions can be provided to athletes and …

Heart Rate Variability, Neuromuscular And Perceptual Recovery Following Resistance Training, Andrew A. Flatt, Liam Globensky, Evan Bass, Brooke L. Sapp, Bryan Riemann

Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

We quantified associations between changes in heart rate variability (HRV), neuromuscular and perceptual recovery following intense resistance training (RT). Adult males (n = 10) with >1 year RT experience performed six sets to failure with 90% of 10 repetition maximum in the squat, bench press, and pull-down. Changes (∆) from pre- to immediately (IP), 24 and 48 h post-RT were calculated for neuromuscular performance markers (counter-movement jump peak power and mean concentric bench press and squat velocity with load corresponding to 1.0 m∙s⁻¹) and perceived recovery and soreness scales. Post-waking natural logarithm of the root-mean square of successive …

Lack Of Generalization Between Explicit And Implicit Visuomotor Learning, Jinsung Wang, Shancheng Bao, Grant Tays

Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Visuomotor adaptation has been thought to occur implicitly, although recent findings suggest that it involves both explicit and implicit processes. Here, we investigated generalization between an explicit condition, in which subjects reached toward imaginary targets under a veridical visuomotor condition, and an implicit condition, in which subjects reached toward visual targets under a 30-degree counterclockwise rotation condition. In experiment 1, two groups of healthy young adults first experienced either the explicit or the implicit condition, then the other condition. The third group experienced the explicit, then the implicit condition with an instruction that the same cognitive strategy could be used …

Association Between The Seated Single-Arm Shot-Put Test With Isokinetic Pushing Force, Bryan L. Riemann, George J. Davies

Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Context: Previous investigations have examined the reliability, normalization, and underlying projection mechanics of the seated single-arm shot-put (SSASP) test. Although the test is believed to reflect test limb strength, there have been no assessments determining whether test performance is directly associated with upper-extremity strength. Objective: To determine the relationship between isokinetic pushing force and SSASP performance and conduct a method comparison analysis of limb symmetry indices between the 2 tests. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Twenty-four healthy and physically active men (n = 12) and women (n = 12). Intervention(s): Participants completed the SSASP …

Impacts Of Aquatic Walking On Arterial Stiffness, Exercise Tolerance, And Physical Function In Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Song-Young Park, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Yi-Sub Kwak

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is associated with attenuated vascular function, cardiorespiratory capacity, physical function, and muscular strength. It is essential to combat these negative effects on health by incorporating lifestyle interventions to slow disease progression, such as exercise. We sought to examine the effects of aquatic walking exercise on cardiovascular function, cardiorespiratory capacity [maximal volume of oxygen consumption (V̇o2max)], exercise tolerance [6-min walking distance (6MWD)], physical function, muscular strength, and body composition in patients with PAD. Patients with PAD (n = 72) were recruited and randomly assigned to a 12-wk aquatic walking training group …

The Value And Effectiveness Of The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (Sfma): A Literature Review, Melanie Hux

Honors Projects

The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is an evaluation tool used by healthcare providers in the physically active patient population that is designed to aid clinicians in diagnosing and treating movement-based pathologies. The purpose of this literature review is not only to evaluate the value and effectiveness of the SFMA, but also to raise awareness in the rehabilitative community. This literature review is specifically geared towards athletic trainers but can also be useful for other healthcare providers. This review revealed a total of 16 articles based on the eligibility criteria in three key databases. Three primary themes found in the …

Scaling Of Swimming Performance In Baleen Whales, William T. Gough, Paolo S. Segre, K. C. Bierlich, David E. Cade, Jean Potvin, Frank E. Fish, Julian Dale, Jacopo Di Clemente, Ari S. Friedlaender, David W. Johnston, Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport, John Kennedy, John H. Long, Machiel Oudejans, Gwenith Penry, Matthew S. Savoca, Malene Simon, Simone K. A. Videsen, Fleur Visser, David N. Wiley, Jeremy O. Goldbogen

Biology Faculty Publications

The scale dependence of locomotor factors has long been studied in comparative biomechanics, but remains poorly understood for animals at the upper extremes of body size. Rorqual baleen whales include the largest animals, but we lack basic kinematic data about their movements and behavior below the ocean surface. Here, we combined morphometrics from aerial drone photogrammetry, whale-borne inertial sensing tag data and hydrodynamic modeling to study the locomotion of five rorqual species. We quantified changes in tail oscillatory frequency and cruising speed for individual whales spanning a threefold variation in body length, corresponding to an order of magnitude variation in …

The Effect Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids On Recovery From Traumatic Brain Injury, Sarah Wampler

Honors Projects

Past research has been conducted on rats and mice to determine behavioral and physiological effects of omega-3 fatty acids on recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). These studies found that omega-3s can be helpful for recovery from TBI, however, the results did not carry over to human clinical trials. This paper aimed to compare and analyze the results of these studies through meta-analysis to help explain why omega-3 fatty acids were not as effective for human recovery from head injury. A systematic literature search was completed to obtain all studies that looked at this effect. Some of the articles acquired …

Using Immersive Virtual Reality To Assess Context-Dependency Of Locomotor Skill Learning In People With Parkinson's Disease, Aram Kim

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a loss of multisystem degenerations and neurotransmitter deficiencies such as dopaminergic and cholinergic degenerations [1]–[4]. The degenerations lead to typical clinical manifestation in people with PD is primarily motor functions such as postural instability, impairments in gait, rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia [2], [4]–[9], but also a wide range of cognitive dysfunctions such as deficits in executive functions and visuospatial processing [10]–[13]. These symptoms exacerbate as the disease progresses and lead to declines in locomotion and high risk of falls [3], [7], [14]–[17]. Among individuals with PD, 5068% of them experience …

Ketogenic Diets And Exercise Performance, Kristin L. Harvey, Lola Holcomb, Stephen C. Kolwicz Jr.

Health and Exercise Physiology Faculty Publications

The ketogenic diet (KD) has gained a resurgence in popularity due to its purported reputation for fighting obesity. The KD has also acquired attention as an alternative and/or supplemental method for producing energy in the form of ketone bodies. Recent scientific evidence highlights the KD as a promising strategy to treat obesity, diabetes, and cardiac dysfunction. In addition, studies support ketone body supplements as a potential method to induce ketosis and supply sustainable fuel sources to promote exercise performance. Despite the acceptance in the mainstream media, the KD remains controversial in the medical and scientific communities. Research suggests that the …

Metformin Blunts Muscle Hypertrophy In Response To Progressive Resistance Exercise Training In Older Adults: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Multicenter Trial: The Masters Trial, R. Grace Walton, Cory M. Dungan, Douglas E. Long, S. Craig Tuggle, Kate Kosmac, Bailey D. Peck, Heather M. Bush, Alejandro G. Villasante Tezanos, Gerald Mcgwin, Samuel T. Windham, Fernando Ovalle, Marcas M. Bamman, Philip A. Kern, Charlotte A. Peterson

Center for Muscle Biology Faculty Publications

Progressive resistance exercise training (PRT) is the most effective known intervention for combating aging skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the hypertrophic response to PRT is variable, and this may be due to muscle inflammation susceptibility. Metformin reduces inflammation, so we hypothesized that metformin would augment the muscle response to PRT in healthy women and men aged 65 and older. In a randomized, double-blind trial, participants received 1,700 mg/day metformin (N = 46) or placebo (N = 48) throughout the study, and all subjects performed 14 weeks of supervised PRT. Although responses to PRT varied, placebo gained more lean body …

Ankle And Midtarsal Joint Quasi-Stiffness During Walking With Added Mass, Andrew M. Kern, Nikolaos Papachatzis, Jeffrey M. Patterson, Dustin A. Bruening, Kota Z. Takahashi

Journal Articles

Examination of how the ankle and midtarsal joints modulate stiffness in response to increased force demand will aid understanding of overall limb function and inform the development of bio-inspired assistive and robotic devices. The purpose of this study is to identify how ankle and midtarsal joint quasi-stiffness are affected by added body mass during over-ground walking. Healthy participants walked barefoot over-ground at 1.25 m/s wearing a weighted vest with 0%, 15% and 30% additional body mass. The effect of added mass was investigated on ankle and midtarsal joint range of motion (ROM), peak moment and quasi-stiffness. Joint quasi-stiffness was broken …

Digital Divide Among Caregivers Of Chronic Disease Patients, Ayokunle Olagoke, Harveen Kaur, Ashley M. Hughes

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Expansive and rapid growth of technology creates unprecedented patient access to health information, including timely communication with care providers via patient portals and the ability to access information regarding specific disease(s) (e.g., cancer). However, several forms of digital engagement with health providers require access and use of reliable internet access. A “digital divide” is used to describe demographic differences which contribute to a patient’s use or disuse of patient portals; prior research have noted disparities in lack of reliable internet access. Despite the prevalence of informal caregivers in patient care, little is known about internet access and use among informal …