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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Phosphorylation And The N-Terminal Extension Of The Regulatory Light Chain Help Orient And Align The Myosin Heads In Drosophila Flight Muscle, Gerrie Farman, Mark Miller, Mary Reedy, Felipe Soto-Adames, Jim Vigoreaux, David Maughan, Thomas Irving
Phosphorylation And The N-Terminal Extension Of The Regulatory Light Chain Help Orient And Align The Myosin Heads In Drosophila Flight Muscle, Gerrie Farman, Mark Miller, Mary Reedy, Felipe Soto-Adames, Jim Vigoreaux, David Maughan, Thomas Irving
Mark S. Miller
X-ray diffraction of the indirect flight muscle (IFM) in living Drosophila at rest and electron microscopy of intact and glycerinated IFM was used to compare the effects of mutations in the regulatory light chain (RLC) on sarcomeric structure. Truncation of the RLC N-terminal extension (Dmlc2Δ2-46) or disruption of the phosphorylation sites by substituting alanines (Dmlc2S66A, S67A) decreased the equatorial intensity ratio (I20/I10), indicating decreased myosin mass associated with the thin filaments. Phosphorylation site disruption (Dmlc2S66A, S67A), but not N-terminal extension truncation (Dmlc2Δ2-46), decreased the 14.5 nm reflection intensity, indicating a spread of the axial distribution of the myosin heads. The …
Mechanisms Underlying Skeletal Muscle Weakness In Human Heart Failure: Alterations In Single Fiber Myosin Protein Content And Function, Mark S. Miller, Peter Vanburen, Martin M. Lewinter, Stewart H. Lecker, Donald E. Selby, Bradley M. Palmer, David W. Maughan, Philip A. Ades, Michael J. Toth
Mechanisms Underlying Skeletal Muscle Weakness In Human Heart Failure: Alterations In Single Fiber Myosin Protein Content And Function, Mark S. Miller, Peter Vanburen, Martin M. Lewinter, Stewart H. Lecker, Donald E. Selby, Bradley M. Palmer, David W. Maughan, Philip A. Ades, Michael J. Toth
Mark S. Miller
Background—Patients suffering from chronic heart failure frequently experience skeletal muscle weakness, which limits physical function. The mechanisms underlying muscle weakness, however, have not been clearly defined. Methods and Results—The present study examined the hypothesis that heart failure promotes a loss of myosin protein from single skeletal muscle fibers, which in turn reduces contractile performance. Ten patients with chronic heart failure and 10 controls were studied. Muscle atrophy was not evident in patients, and groups displayed similar physical activity levels, suggesting that observed differences reflect the effects of heart failure, not muscle atrophy or disuse. In single muscle fibers, heart failure …
An Artificial Neural Network To Estimate Physical Activity Energy Expenditure And Identify Physical Activity Type From An Accelerometer, John Staudenmayer, David Pober, Scott Crouter, David Bassett, Patty S. Freedson
An Artificial Neural Network To Estimate Physical Activity Energy Expenditure And Identify Physical Activity Type From An Accelerometer, John Staudenmayer, David Pober, Scott Crouter, David Bassett, Patty S. Freedson
Patty S. Freedson
The aim of this investigation was to develop and test two artificial neural networks (ANN) to apply to physical activity data collected with a commonly used uniaxial accelerometer. The first ANN model estimated physical activity metabolic equivalents (METs), and the second ANN identified activity type. Subjects (n = 24 men and 24 women, mean age = 35 yr) completed a menu of activities that included sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensities, and each activity was performed for 10 min. There were three different activity menus, and 20 participants completed each menu. Oxygen consumption (in ml•kg •min ) was measured continuously, …
Human Actin Mutations Associated With Hypertrophic And Dilated Cardiomyopathies Demonstrate Distinct Thin Filament Regulatory Properties In Vitro, Edward P. Debold, Walid Saber, Yaser Cheema, Carol S. Bookwalter, Kathleen M. Trybus, David M. Warshaw, Peter Vanburen
Human Actin Mutations Associated With Hypertrophic And Dilated Cardiomyopathies Demonstrate Distinct Thin Filament Regulatory Properties In Vitro, Edward P. Debold, Walid Saber, Yaser Cheema, Carol S. Bookwalter, Kathleen M. Trybus, David M. Warshaw, Peter Vanburen
Edward P. Debold
Two cardiomyopathic mutations were expressed in human cardiac actin, using a Baculovirus/insect cell system; E99K is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy whereas R312H is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. The hypothesis that the divergent phenotypes of these two cardiomyopathies is associated with fundamental differences in the molecular mechanics and thin filament regulation of the underlying actin mutation was tested using the in vitro motility and laser trap assays. In the presence of troponin (Tn) and tropomyosin (Tm), β-cardiac myosin moved both E99K and R312H thin filaments at significantly (p<0.05) slower velocities than wild type (WT) at maximal Ca++. At submaximal Ca++, …
Development Of A Multi-Disciplinary Ecological Model For Childhood Obesity, David W. Hey
Development Of A Multi-Disciplinary Ecological Model For Childhood Obesity, David W. Hey
David W. Hey
During the past two decades the prevalence of childhood obesity has steadily increased in the United States. An ecological model of health behavior change has been recommended to address the rise in childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to build a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary, ecological childhood obesity model by examining past theory and research in 25 journals covering five disciplines over a decade (1993-2002). To identify environmental antecedents, this study collapsed 10 existing ecological models of obesity prevention and divided resultant antecedents (n=94) into five ecological categories (social norms/national policies, community factors, school factors, family/peer or interpersonal factors, and …
The Current Status Of Title Ix, Shelley Lucas
‘You Can Fly!’: Reimagining Peter Pan And Snowboarding’S Olympic Neverland, M. Popovic, Don Morrow
‘You Can Fly!’: Reimagining Peter Pan And Snowboarding’S Olympic Neverland, M. Popovic, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
Narratives With Perspectives: Stories And Re-Membrances Of The Miracle Mile, Don Morrow
Narratives With Perspectives: Stories And Re-Membrances Of The Miracle Mile, Don Morrow
Donald Morrow
No abstract provided.
Alternative S2 Hinge Regions Of The Myosin Rod Affect Myofibrillar Structure And Myosin Kinetics, Mark S. Miller, Corey M. Dambacher, Aileen F. Knowles, Joan M. Braddock, Gerrie P. Farman, Thomas C. Irving, Douglas M. Swank, Sanford I. Bernstein, David W. Maughan
Alternative S2 Hinge Regions Of The Myosin Rod Affect Myofibrillar Structure And Myosin Kinetics, Mark S. Miller, Corey M. Dambacher, Aileen F. Knowles, Joan M. Braddock, Gerrie P. Farman, Thomas C. Irving, Douglas M. Swank, Sanford I. Bernstein, David W. Maughan
Mark S. Miller
The subfragment 2/light meromyosin ‘‘hinge’’ region has been proposed to significantly contribute to muscle contraction force and/or speed. Transgenic replacement of the endogenous fast muscle isovariant hinge A (exon 15a) in Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscle with the slow muscle hinge B (exon 15b) allows examination of the structural and functional changes when only this region of the myosin molecule is different. Hinge B was previously shown to increase myosin rod length, increase A-band and sarcomere length, and decrease flight performance compared to hinge A. We applied additional measures to these transgenic lines to further evaluate the consequences of modifying …
30-Month Post-Breast Cancer Treatment Lymphoedema, Jane M. Armer, Bob R. Stewart, Robin Shook
30-Month Post-Breast Cancer Treatment Lymphoedema, Jane M. Armer, Bob R. Stewart, Robin Shook
Robin Shook
Background—Quantification of lymphoedema (LE) has been problematic, and the reported incidence of LE varies greatly among women treated with surgery and radiation for breast cancer. Aims—This study aims to describe LE occurrence over time among breast cancer survivors using four diagnostic criteria based on three measurement techniques. Methods—Limb volume and symptom assessment data were followed after surgery every three months for 12 months, then every six months for 30 months. Limb volume changes (LVC) were measured by circumferences and by perometry, and by symptom experience via interview. Standard survival analysis methods identified when the criteria indicating LE were met. Results—Trends …
Adjustment To Change In Familiar And Unfamiliar Task Constraints, Ross Sanders, Shuping Li, Joseph Hamill
Adjustment To Change In Familiar And Unfamiliar Task Constraints, Ross Sanders, Shuping Li, Joseph Hamill
Joseph Hamill
The aim of this study was to assess the rate of adjustment to changes in task constraints that are familiar and unfamiliar when a change in the pattern of sequencing of segmental movements is not required. The selected task was underwater flutter kicking with flippers (familiar) and without flippers (unfamiliar). Nine male competitive age-group swimmers were assigned either to an unfamiliar ‘‘leg flipper’’ task, a familiar ‘‘foot flipper’’ task or a ‘‘control’’ group to perform five trials without flippers (all groups), 60 trials with flippers, and a post-test comprising 10 trials without flippers (all groups). Kinematic variables were calculated from …
Movement Coordination Patterns In Triple Jump Training Drills, Cassie Wilson, Scott Simpson, Joseph Hamill
Movement Coordination Patterns In Triple Jump Training Drills, Cassie Wilson, Scott Simpson, Joseph Hamill
Joseph Hamill
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training drills in replicating the lower extremity coordination patterns used during the triple jump. Three-dimensional kinematic data and synchronized ground reaction force data were collected during the hop–step transition of a triple jump and four related training drills. Relative motion plots and a modified version of the vector coding technique were used to quantify the coordination patterns of the lower extremities. Differences were observed in the coordination patterns between the triple jump and static drills, but not between the triple jump and dynamic drills, and these differences were mainly …
Not Scaring Yourself Silly: Effectively Managing Your Stage Fright, Jennifer Cumming
Not Scaring Yourself Silly: Effectively Managing Your Stage Fright, Jennifer Cumming
Jennifer Cumming
It is the moment you have been looking forward to for weeks with equal amounts of dread and excitement. Your preparation has gone well, but you wonder if you have done everything you can to be ready and are concerned you will make a mistake. As you wait backstage, you hear the audience taking their seats and the eager buzz of anticipation. Your fellow dancers are going through their last minute preparations and the nervous tension is building around you. Standing in your costume, you worry that your body is responding in the usual ways: your heart is beating faster …
Alfp: Identifying Issues In Lymphoedema In Hte Us, Jane Armer, Joseph Feldman, Mei Fu, Nicole Stout, Bonnie Lasinski, Catherine Tuppo, Marcia Beck, Julie Rodrick, Robin Shook, Pierre Gonon, Constance Brooks, Christine Moffatt, Bob Stewart, Janice Cormier
Alfp: Identifying Issues In Lymphoedema In Hte Us, Jane Armer, Joseph Feldman, Mei Fu, Nicole Stout, Bonnie Lasinski, Catherine Tuppo, Marcia Beck, Julie Rodrick, Robin Shook, Pierre Gonon, Constance Brooks, Christine Moffatt, Bob Stewart, Janice Cormier
Robin Shook
The American Lymphedema Framework Project (ALFP) is a national initiative introduced in 2008 to improve the management of lymphoedema (LE) and related disorders in the United States. A National Stakeholders Conference was held in March 2009 to share perspectives on the current state of LE, establish priority issues, and recommend actions to move the field forward.
Contributors To Fatigue Resistance Of The Hamstrings And Quadriceps In Cerebral Palsy, Noelle G. Moreau, Li Li, James P. Geaghan, Diane L. Damiano
Contributors To Fatigue Resistance Of The Hamstrings And Quadriceps In Cerebral Palsy, Noelle G. Moreau, Li Li, James P. Geaghan, Diane L. Damiano
Li Li
Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate relationships between quadriceps and hamstrings voluntary muscle fatigue and upper motor lesion impairments in cerebral palsy in order to gain a better understanding of their contribution to the observed fatigue resistance.
Methods: Seventeen ambulatory subjects with cerebral palsy (mean age: 17.0, SD = 4.8 years) were recruited. Quantitative measures of strength, spasticity, cocontraction, and stiffness for both muscle groups were collected on an isokinetic dynamometer and entered in a factor analysis. The resulting factors were used as independent variables in a multiple regression analysis with quadriceps and hamstrings fatigue as dependent …
Effect Of Rest Interval Length On The Volume Completed During Upper Body Resistance Exercise, Humberto Miranda, Roberto Simão, Leonardo Marmo Moreira, Renato Aparecido De Souza, João Antônio Alves De Souza, Belmiro Freitas De Salles, Jeffrey Willardson
Effect Of Rest Interval Length On The Volume Completed During Upper Body Resistance Exercise, Humberto Miranda, Roberto Simão, Leonardo Marmo Moreira, Renato Aparecido De Souza, João Antônio Alves De Souza, Belmiro Freitas De Salles, Jeffrey Willardson
Jeffrey Willardson
The purpose of the current study was to compare the workout volume (sets x resistance x repetitions per set) completed during two upper body resistance exercise sessions that incorporated 1 minute versus 3 minute rest intervals between sets and exercises. Twelve trained men completed two experimental sessions that consisted of 5 upper body exercises (i.e. barbell bench press, incline barbell bench press, pec deck flye, barbell lying triceps extension, triceps pushdown) performed for three sets with an 8- RM load. The two experimental sessions differed only in the length of the rest interval between sets and exercises; one session with …
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Effect Of Surface Stability On Core Muscle Activity For Dynamic Resistance Exercises, Jeffrey Willardson, Fabio E. Fontana, Eadric Bressel
Jeffrey Willardson
To compare core muscle activity during resistance exercises performed on stable ground vs. the BOSU Balance Trainer. Methods: Twelve trained men performed the back squat, dead lift, overhead press, and curl lifts. The activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, transversus abdominis/internal oblique abdominis, and erector spinae muscles was assessed. Subjects performed each lift under three separate conditions including standing on stable ground with 50% of a 1-RM, standing on a BOSU Balance Trainer with 50% of a 1-RM, and standing on stable ground with 75% of a 1-RM. Results: Significant differences were noted between the stable 75% of …
Diabetic Rates And Mice Are Resistent To Porcine And Human Insulin: Flawed Experimental Models For Testing Islet Xenograft, A. Pepper, C. Gall, D. Mazzuca, C.W.J. Melling, D. White
Diabetic Rates And Mice Are Resistent To Porcine And Human Insulin: Flawed Experimental Models For Testing Islet Xenograft, A. Pepper, C. Gall, D. Mazzuca, C.W.J. Melling, D. White
Jamie Melling
BACKGROUND: Islet transplantation is potentially a promising therapy for the restoration of carbohydrate control to diabetic patients. However, the global application of islet transplantation requires a ubiquitous source of beta cells. The xenotransplantation of porcine islets would provide such a source. Success in porcine islet xenografting has been achieved in diabetic primates. However, there are few reports of reversal of diabetes with porcine islet xenografts in rodent models of diabetes, relative to the number of successful rodent experiments performed as allografts. Here we report for the first time the inability of porcine (and human) insulin to control blood glucose levels …
Myocardial Hsp70 Phosphorylation And Pkc-Mediated Cardioprotection Following Exercise, C.W. Melling, David Thorp, Kevin Milne, Earl Noble
Myocardial Hsp70 Phosphorylation And Pkc-Mediated Cardioprotection Following Exercise, C.W. Melling, David Thorp, Kevin Milne, Earl Noble
Jamie Melling
Both protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Hsp70 expression have been shown to be key components for exercise-mediated myocardial protection during ischemia–reperfusion injury. Given that Hsp70 has been shown to undergo inducible phosphorylation in striated muscle and liver, we hypothesized that PKC may regulate myocardial Hsp70 function and subsequent exercise-conferred cardioprotection through this phosphorylation. Hence, acute exercise of male Sprague–Dawley rats (30 m/min for 60 min at 2% grade) was employed to assess the role of PKC and its selected isoforms in phosphorylation of Hsp70 and protection of the myocardium during ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was observed that administration of the …
Compliance With Wearing Physical Activity Accelerometers In High School Students, John R. Sirard, Megan E. Slater
Compliance With Wearing Physical Activity Accelerometers In High School Students, John R. Sirard, Megan E. Slater
John Sirard
Background—Accelerometer use in physical activity research has become increasingly popular but is prone to problems with missing data, which complicate the data reduction and analysis process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypothesized compliance strategies on improving compliance with wearing a physical activity accelerometer in high school students. Methods—Each of four local high schools was assigned to one of four compliance strategies: (1) receiving three phone calls, (2) completing a daily journal, (3) compensation contingent on number of complete (≥ 10 hours) days of data, and (4) control condition. Participants wore ActiGraph accelerometers for seven …
Sustainability And Changing University Culture And Curriculum: A Grand Valley State University Case Study, Stephen C. Glass, Elena Lioubimtseva, Norman Christopher, Wendy Wenner
Sustainability And Changing University Culture And Curriculum: A Grand Valley State University Case Study, Stephen C. Glass, Elena Lioubimtseva, Norman Christopher, Wendy Wenner
Stephen C Glass
The past two decades have shown significant changes in the understanding of the role of sustainability in the higher education culture of many countries. While many American universities and colleges have embraced this concept as the major driver of environmental, social, economic, and technological progress, only a few programs in the United States offer today undergraduate or graduate degrees in sustainability studies or sustainable development. Interdisciplinary scholarship on the role of sustainability in the higher education has been boosted recently by research and public debate on global climate change, globalization, and free-trade. Yet, not many US universities consider sustainability as …