Life Sciences Commons^™

Development Of A Standard Push-Up Scale For College-Aged Females, Melanie M. Adams, Sophie A. Hatch, Elizabeth G. Winsor, Caitlyn Parmelee

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 820-833, 2022. The ACSM/CESP push-up test exemplifies the limiting nature of the gender binary in fitness. Males perform the standard push-up (from toes) while females perform the modified push-up (from knees), even if capable of multiple standard push-ups. Differences in upper body strength are used to justify the test protocol. Though the load difference between modified and standard positions is substantially less than the gender strength gap. Additionally, current fitness ratings are over 30 years old. The purpose of this study was to develop a new standard push-up rating scale for college-age females. Cis-female …

Anthropometric And Leg Power Factors Affect Offensive Kinetic Patterns In Fencing, Anastasia Ntai, Charilaos Tsolakis, Athanasia Smirniotou, Giorgos Paradisis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 919-931, 2021. This study aimed to identify potential factors that may influence specific fencing offensive kinetic patterns in a large group of well-trained fencers having different ages, gender level, and training specialization. One-hundred-thirty fencers (males: n = 72) and (females: n = 58), participating in three different fencing weapons (epee, foil, and sabre), having considerable experience of national and international competitions. All members of seven national fencing teams were measured for basic anthropometric parameters, leg power performance and velocity values for three specific kinetic offensive patterns during an International Fencing camp. A multivariate analysis …

The Impacts Of Shoulder Position Sense, Vision, Racket Weight, And Gender On Racket Positioning Accuracy In Tennis Players, Kaitlyn Collins, Sydney Young, You-Jou Hung

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 1086-1097, 2020. Repetitive loading to the shoulder joint can compromise shoulder position sense, which may further contribute to injuries and performance deficits. The first goal of the study was to examine the correlation between shoulder position sense and racket positioning accuracy. The second goal of the study was to examine the impact of visual feedback, racket weight, and gender on racket positioning accuracy in tennis players. Fifty-eight tennis players participated in the study. Active shoulder position sense was examined in 3 abduction (45°, 90°, 135°) and 2 external rotation (45°, 90°) angles. For racket …

Cultural Values And Gender Equity On National Olympic Committee Boards, Na Young Ahn, George B. Cunningham

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(6): 857-874, 2017. Women are under-represented in leadership positions throughout sport, and researchers have largely explored organizational, group, and individual antecedents of this phenomenon. The purpose of the current study was to expand on this understanding by investigating the influence of a country’s cultural values on the representation of women on National Olympic Committees. Drawing from Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the authors included five cultural values: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and long-term orientation. Results indicate that women constituted only 19.7 percent of the positions on the boards. Regression analysis, controlling for size of …

Sex Differences In Change In Skin Temperature When Exercising In A Hot, Humid Environment, Adam S. Venable, Eric A. Prado, Andrea L. Henning, David W. Hill, Jakob L. Vingren, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The risk for heat-related illness is increased when exercising in a hot, humid environment. In an effort to protect the athlete, body temperature is measured continuously while exercising in extreme environments. Currently, researchers and laboratory personnel employ the use of mean skin temperature to monitor athlete safety; however, this measurement fails to consider localized changes in temperature that may arise as a function of sex and exercise time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the change in skin temperature at 17 different upper body locations while exercising in a hot, humid environment. Young …

Visceral Fat Prediction Models According To Age And Gender, Serena Chang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is the leading risk factor for metabolic syndrome and puts individuals at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Past studies have shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT), rather than subcutaneous fat (SF), is a major predictor of these disorders.VAT is the fatty tissue surrounding the vital organs, while SF is the fat found directly beneath the skin. SF’s primary function is to provide energy storage while VAT cells are metabolically active and have been linked to increased insulin resistance, production of triglycerides and low density lipolipids, which contribute to a higher risk of health diseases.Due to lack of …

Gender Differences In Health Related Fitness Outcomes Among College Age Kinesiology Students, Bryan P. Garcia

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

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Attitudes Toward And Preferences For Male And Female Personal Trainers, James P. Fisher, Catherine Platts, Marie Stopforth

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(4) : 256-268, 2013. Previous research has considered the perceptions of athletes towards gender of coach and strength and conditioning coach. However, to date there appears little research considering the perceptions of clients towards gender of personal trainer. The purpose of this study was to investigate male and females perceptions of same- or opposite-gender personal trainers. Four hundred and two (male = 201, female = 201) undergraduate University student participants completed an adapted version of the Attitudes of Athletes toward Male versus Female Coaches Questionnaire (AAMFC-Q; 23). A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance …

Gender Differences In Skin And Core Body Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment., Adam S. Venable, Randall R. Williams, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background. It is universally accepted that men and women regulate heat differently during exercise in hot, humid environments. Despite this common knowledge, little empirical data is available to explain how gender differences effect core/skin temperature changes. Further, the data that is available includes only limited measurement sites and/or time points. Methods. The purpose of this study was to measure the heat regulatory patterns for both men and women during 60-min of exercise in a hot, humid environment. Twenty aerobically fit subjects (10 men; 10 women) completed an acclimation session followed by a 60-min exercise protocol in an environmental chamber set …

Investigation Of Injuries Occurring Within Competitive Waterskiing In The Uk, Sarah L. Loughlin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(1) : 29-42, 2013. To date, most waterskiing research has been on recreational waterskiers from the USA. Our aim was to determine if the tournament waterskiing population in the UK had the same injury patterns as these previously studied populations. We hypothesised that the number of injuries, body parts injured and type of injury would vary by gender, event and competitive level. An online questionnaire was distributed to all British Water Ski Federation (BWSF) tournament licence holders. There were 90 participants: 24 female and 66 male (mean age 37 ± 15). Chi- squared and Fishers …

Gender Difference In Obesity And Preventive Health Behaviors In A Us-Mexico Border Hispanic Cohort, Jing Wang, Belinda M. Reininger, Stanley Cron, Deidra Carroll, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Overweight and obesity is a prevalent chronic disorder in Mexican Americans, however, obesity-related behaviors and the role of gender remain unclear. This study examined gender difference in obesity-related health behaviors among Mexican Americans. Methods: A sample (n=1439) was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a prospective cohort sample of Mexican American adults aged 18 years and older living in a large and poor city along the Texas / Mexico border. The participants’ baseline demographic, behavioral, and clinical measures were used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The sample had …

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement And Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance In Females: Athletes Vs. Non-Athletes, Dyana L. Bullinger, Christopher M. Hearon, Stacey A. Gaines, Michael L. Daniel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 239-244, 2012. To examine the effect of concurrent verbal encouragement on the performance of the WAnT in female athletes vs. female non-athletes. College-age female subjects were recruited where ten of the subjects were intercollegiate athletes (ATH, n₁=10) and the nine were non-athletes (NON, n₂=9). The WAnT was novel to all subjects and the subjects were blinded to the study’s purpose. Prior to the experimental trials, subjects were measured for body composition and performed a familiarity WAnT trial without verbal encouragement. Subjects then performed the WAnT twice, once with concurrent …

Development And Comparison Of Two Field-Based Body Fat Prediction Equations: Nhanes 1999-2004, Michael Zanovec, Jing Wang, Carol E. O'Neil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 223-231, 2012. Clinical guidelines define obesity in terms of excess body weight adjusted for height (i.e., bodymass index [BMI] categories) and/or gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point values. Since body composition, particularly fat mass, is the most variable among individuals due to differences by gender, age, and race, and total percent body fat (%BF) can be estimated accurately using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the purpose of this study was to develop and compare two field-based body fat prediction equations suitable for a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. Data were analyzed from …

Gender And Stress Related Effects On Cardiovascular Health Outcomes, Michael A. Cedeno, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title[j1] : Gender and stress related effects on cardiovascular health outcomes

Authors: Michael Cedeño – Master’s, (Tarleton State University), Jennifer Blevins-McNaughton (Tarleton State University)

Background and Purpose: To date, only a few investigators have compared the effect that stress may have on health and metabolic outcomes in college age adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender may play a role in self-reported stress and cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in college age students.

Methods: Thirty-eight (N = 38) adults ages 18 to 28 participated in …

Are Men Cheaper Than Women? Insights From Walking Economy, Nicole S. Schultz, Peter G. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ARE MEN CHEAPER THAN WOMEN? INSIGHTS FROM WALKING ECONOMY

Nicole S. Schultz and Peter G. Weyand

Southern Methodist University, Locomotor Performance Laboratory, Department of Applied Physiology and Wellness, Dallas, TX 75205

Introduction: The metabolic energy cost of human walking has been extensively studied. However, whether men and women require the same amount of energy (per kg of body mass) to walk at the same speed or cover the same distance remains unresolved. While most predictive algorithms incorporate only body mass and walking speed, we have recently found that mass-specific walking metabolic rates are inversely related to stature. Objective: We tested …

Differences In Heart Disease Risk Perception And Actual Cardiac Risk In Men Vs. Women, Amanda K. Dietz, Steve Martin, Becky Braden, Thomas Meade, Kathy L. Hill, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Differences in Heart Disease Risk Perception and Actual Cardiac Risk in Male vs. Female Cardiac Patients Amanda Dietz, Julie Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, and John S. Green, FACSM Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor: John S. Green, FACSM)

PURPOSE: To describe gender differences in both risk perception and actual coronary risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: 33 females and 67 males with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the …

Gender Related Differences In Stress And Health Outcomes In College Age Students, Michael Cedeno, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: Rates of obesity and metabolic disorders in young adults are becoming more prevalent in today’s society. To date, only a few investigators have compared the effect that stress may have on health and metabolic outcomes in college age adults. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between stress and cholesterol levels in male versus female college age students.

Methods: Thirty-six adults ages 20 to 27 participated in this study. Total blood cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, TC/HDL ratio, and glucose were measured one time using the Cholestech LDX® after either an overnight, or 4-hour fast. …