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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Muscle Weakness In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Linda Haiwon Chung
Muscle Weakness In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Linda Haiwon Chung
Open Access Dissertations
Skeletal muscle weakness is a problem for people living with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Alterations in the central nervous system may be the primary source of muscle weakness because of the pathophysiology of MS. However, changes in peripheral mediators of force production may also contribute to muscle weakness in persons with MS. The main objective of the dissertation was to systematically identify key neural (motor unit discharge rates, spasticity) and muscular (muscle size, contractile function) mechanisms of force production that may explain lower isometric strength and dynamic power in persons with MS compared with age-matched controls. The knee extensor muscles of …
Plantar Fasciitis: Biomechanics, Atrophy And Muscle Energetics, Ryan Chang
Plantar Fasciitis: Biomechanics, Atrophy And Muscle Energetics, Ryan Chang
Open Access Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the effects of chronic plantar fasciitis on intrinsic foot structures with respect to biomechanics, muscle atrophy and muscle energetics. This was accomplished in three parts. Methods: In Part I, a three-dimensional motion capture system with a synchronized force platform quantified multi-segment foot model kinematics and ground reaction forces associated with walking. Healthy individuals were compared to individuals with chronic plantar fasciitis feet. Typical kinematic variables, measures of coupling, phase and variability were examined in rearfoot, forefoot and hallux segments. In Part II, foot and leg magnetic resonance images were taken in …
A Comparison Of The Actigraph 7164 And The Actigraph Gt1m During Self-Paced Locomotion, Sarah Kozey, John Staudenmayer, Richard Troiano, Patty Freedson
A Comparison Of The Actigraph 7164 And The Actigraph Gt1m During Self-Paced Locomotion, Sarah Kozey, John Staudenmayer, Richard Troiano, Patty Freedson
Patty S. Freedson
Purpose—This study compared the ActiGraph accelerometer model 7164 (AM1) to the ActiGraph GT1M (AM2) during self-paced locomotion. Methods—Participants n = 116, 18–73y, mean BMI = 26.1) walked at self-selected slow, medium, and fast speeds around an indoor circular hallway (0.47km). Both activity monitors were attached to a belt secured to the hip and simultaneously collected data in 60 second epochs. To compare differences between monitors, the average difference (bias) in count output and steps output were computed at each speed. Time spent in different activity intensities (light, moderate, vigorous) based on the Freedson et al. cut-points was compared for each …
Dog Ownership And Adolescent Physical Activity, John R. Sirard, Carrie D. Patnode, Mary O. Hearst, Melissa N. Laska
Dog Ownership And Adolescent Physical Activity, John R. Sirard, Carrie D. Patnode, Mary O. Hearst, Melissa N. Laska
John Sirard
Background—Positive associations between dog ownership and adult health outcomes have been observed, but research involving youth is lacking. Purpose—The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of family dog ownership to adolescent and parent physical activity, weight status, and metabolic risk factors. Methods—Data were collected on dog ownership in 618 adolescent/parent pairs between 9/2006 and 6/2008 and analyzed in 2010. Adolescent physical activity was assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers. Trained staff measured blood pressure, height and weight, and percentage body fat was calculated by impedance. A subsample of adolescents (n=318) opted for a fasting blood draw used to derive …
"A"-Kids: Activity Kcal Intervention Daily Study. Effects Of 100-Kcal Daily Energy Expenditure On Total Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity In 3rd Grade Children, Cheryl A. Howe
Open Access Dissertations
A selection of common children’s games were measured in a laboratory-based study to be enjoyable and to elicit sufficient physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in 3rd grade children to combat the purported chronic energy surplus of childhood obesity (~100 kcal.day-1). PAEE during the games was similar for boys and girls, yet overweight children expended greater PAEE relative to body weight than healthy weight children. During a subsequent simulated recess program, the enjoyment declined over the 10-session program with no significant decline in PAEE. Using the enjoyable games of known energy cost in a structured recess program for 9 weeks successfully …