Life Sciences Commons^™

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Opisthadena (Digenea: Hemiuridae), Virginia León-Règagnon, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Systematic study of the closely related hemiurid genera Mitrostoma, Neopisthadena and Opisthadena revealed that Opisthadena cortesi is a junior synonym of Opisthadena dimidia and Opisthadena fujianensis and Opisthadena marina are species inquirendae. Phylogenetic analysis of the 7 recognized species, based on 21 transformation series derived from comparative morphologic characters, produced a single tree with a consistency index of 0.735. The five species of the genus Opisthadena constitute a monophyletic clade and Neopisthadena habei is their sister group. Mitrostoma nototheniae is the sister group of the other 6 members of the clade. Geographic distribution suggests an ancient circum-Pacific distribution of …

Hemorrhagic Gastritis In Free-Living Rodents In Idaho, Patricia G. Wilber, Donald W. Duszynski, B. Van Horne

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Between February 1992 and March 1994, four species of rodent from the Snake River Birds of Prey Area near Boise, Idaho (USA) were necropsied. Hemorrhagic gastritis was observed in 16 of 131 Townsend’s ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii), one of 11 Ord’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) and the one Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus) evaluated. No lesions were observed in 14 white-footed deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Tissue from one Townsend’s ground squirrel was negative for Helicobacter sp.-like bacteria.

In Memoriam: John Teague Self (1906-1995), John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

Obituary of John Teague Self, parasitologist, 1906-1995.

A Survey Of The Coccidian Parasites Of Reptiles From Islands Of The Galápagos Archipelago: 1990-1994, Lee Couch, Paul A. Stone, Donald W. Duszynski, Howard L. Snell, Heidi M. Snell

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

From 1990 through 1994, fecal samples were collected and examined for coccidian parasites from 26 giant land tortoises Geochelone nigra, from 715 lava lizards Tropidurus spp., from 139 land iguanas Conolophus subcristatus, and from 128 marine iguanas Amblyrhynchus cristatus, all of which inhabit various islands in the Galápagos Archipelago. None of the samples from A. cristatus or from C. subcristatus was infected with coccidia. Only 1 of 26 (4%) G. nigra was infected with a single Eimeria species that we describe here as new. A total of 262 of 715 (37%) individuals representing 3 species of Tropidurus …

A New Species Of Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Dasyatis Longus Garman (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatididae) From Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, Scott Monks, Daniel R. Brooks, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A new species of Acanthobothrium in Dasyatis longus from Chamela Bay, Jalisco, Mexico, is a member of a presumed clade of species diagnosed by being anapolytic or nearly so, having more than 100 testes per proglottis, with immature and mature proglottides wider than long to square, aspinose scolex, muscular bothridia fused to the scolex at their posterior ends, H- to V-shaped ovaries, relatively short symmetrical to asymmetrical ovarian arms that extend anteriorly to, or nearly to, the cirrus sac, and vitellaria arranged in fields rather than a single row of follicles. The new species most closely resembles Acanthobothrium terezae from …

Two New Species Of Tetraphyllidean Cestodes In Himantura Pacifica (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatididae) From The Northwest Coast Of Costa Rica, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, Helena Molina Ureña

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Two new species of tetraphyllidean cestodes inhabiting Himantura pacifica from the northwest coast of Costa Rica are apparently most closely related to species inhabiting Himantura schmardae from the Atlantic coast of Colombia. Acanthobothroides pacificus n. sp. differs from Acanthobothroides horsoni, the only other species in the genus, primarily by having smaller lateral (98-123 μm rather than 168-198 μm long) and medial (handles 92-116 μm rather than 162-168 μm long) hooks, and more testes (up to 125 rather than up to 97) per proglottis. The generic diagnosis of Acanthobothroides is modified to include the presence of a small inner prong …

Burhinotaenia Colombiana N. Sp. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea) From The Double-Striped Stone Curlew Burhinus Bistriatus (Aves, Charadriiformes) In Colombia, Boyko B. Georgiev, Éva Murai, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Burhinotaenia colombiana n. sp. (Dilepididae) is described from the small intestine of the double-striped stone curlew Burhinus bistriatus (Burhinidae) captured at Carimagua, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from the most similar Burhinotaenia delachauxi (Baer, 1925), a parasite of the Old World Burhinus spp., by the longer cirrus-sac (375-590, average 514 μm vs. 322-393, average 354 μm) and longer rostellar hooks (412-451, average 440 μm vs. 358-367, average 364 μm). The validity of the genus Burhinotaenia Spasskii and Spasskaya, 1965 and its generic diagnosis as proposed by Bona (1994) are confirmed. This is the first record of a species of …

Behavioral Basis Of Second Intermediate Host Specificity Among Four Species Of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

John Janovy Publications

Cercarial behavior patterns were examined in four species of frog lung flukes (Haematoloechus spp.). Cercariae of Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus medioplexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, and Haematoloechus varioplexus were exposed to three species of experimental arthropods and an inanimate control. The number of cercariae attached to an experimental host at 5 min postexposure was recorded. Haematoloechus longiplexus and H. complexus cercariae attached to experimental hosts at higher rates than cercariae of H. medioplexus and H. varioplexus. Cercariae of H. longiplexus attached to experimental hosts in approximately the same numbers as H. complexus, but H. longiplexus penetrated only damselfly naiads, …

Bovine Cell Line Resistant To In Vtro Infection By Bovine Viral Darrheavirus And All Other Known Pestiviruses, Ruben O. Donis, Eduardo F. Flores

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Bovine cell line resistant to infection by the pestiviruses Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) and Border Disease Virus (BDV) and all progeny and mutants thereof. A bovine cell line (CRIB) that is resistant to infection by cytopathic and non-cytopathic BVDV and by other Pestiviruses due to a stable, recessive genetic defect which blocks infection at the level of viral entry.

Nematode Diversity Of Native Species Of Vitis In California, Luma Al-Banna, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

From 1990 through 1992, nematodes were extracted from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere of native species of grapes from four areas of northern California and two areas of southern California. For comparison, samples from domestic grapes as well as a putative hybrid of Vitis californicaand V. vinifera were also taken. Rhizosoil from California native grapevine contained many more species of nematodes than did soil obtained from cultivated forms of V. vinifera. Taxonomic and trophic diversity was much higher in nematodes from sampling sites from native grapes than in those from grapes maintained in vineyard situations. Ordination methods …

Identification Of Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) From California With A New Species Isolated From The Larvae Of The Ghost Moth Hepialis Californicus (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) From The Bodega Bay Natural Reserve, S. Patricia Stock, Donald R. Strong, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Classical taxonomy together with cross-breeding tests and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD's) were used to detect morphological and genetic variation between populations of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1975 from California. A new species, Heterarhabditis hepialius sp. n., recovered from ghost moth caterpillars (Hepialis califamicus) in Bodega Bay, California, USA is herein described and illustrated. This is the eighth species in the genus Heterarhabditis and is characterized by the morphology of the spicules, gubernaculum, the female's tail, and ratios E and F of the infective juveniles. Information on its bionomics is provided.

French title: Identification d'Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) de Californie …

Relationship Between Bp (Baculovirus Penaei) Energy Reserves In Larval And Postlarval Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus Vannamei, Kenneth C. Stuck, Lidia M. Stuck, Robin M. Overstreet, Shiao Y. Wang

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The relationship between energy reserves of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamei and Baculovirus penaei, or BP, were investigated in a series of experiments using mysis stage or early postlarval shrimp. Pre-exposure and post-exposure levels of protein and triacylgycerol (TAG) were determined. The effect of pre-exposure protein and TAG levels on susceptibility to BP infections was also investigated by starving a group of shrimp immediately prior to BP exposure. There was no consistent relationship between either pre-exposure or post-exposure protein levels and the percent of shrimp developing patent BP infections. There was, however, a significant positive correlation between TAG levels …

The Synlophe And Other Structural Characteristics Of Sarwaria Bubalis (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From Cattle In Guyana, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Eric P. Hoberg, Patricia A. Pilitt, T. M. Craig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The synlophe (longitudinal, surface cuticular ridges) of Sarwaria bubalis is described for the first time. It is a tapering lateral synlophe of about 40 ridges. The synlophe of S. bubalis is similar to that of Ostertagia ostertagi but markedly different from that of species of Spiculopteragia and Mazamastrongylus. New information is provided also on the structure of the esophagus and perivulval pores. The esophageal valve is more than twice as long as wide. The bilateral perivulval pores were located 192-267 μm posterior to the vulva and dorsal to the lateral lines. The new information will be useful in a …

Re-Evaluation Of Mazamastrongylus Dagestanica (Trichostrongylidae) With Descriptions Of The Synlophe, Genital Cone, And Other Structural Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, A. V. Khrustalev

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The synlophe of specimens of Mazamastrongylus dagestanica was characterized laterally and ventrally by a strongly tapering system of ridges in the cervical zone. This pattern, including the prominent system of "hood" ridges adjacent to the excretory pore and the absence of continuous subdorsal and subventral ridges is considered typical for the genus Mazamastrongylus. The synlophe of males and females was largely identical, with 37-41 ridges at the midbody. The lateral synlophe, where 2 pairs of ridges converge and terminate on the lateralmost ridge anterior to the cervical papillae appears unique for M. dagestanica and indicates that species-specific patterns may be …

Body Size Evolution Of Oxyurid (Nematoda) Parasites: The Role Of Hosts, Serge Morand, Pierre Legendre, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Studying the diversification of body size in a taxon of parasites allows comparison of patterns of variation observed in the parasites with patterns found in free-living organisms. The distributions of body size of oxyurid nematodes (obligate parasites of vertebrates and invertebrates) are lognormally right-skewed, except for male oxyurids in invertebrates which show left-skewed distributions. In these parasitic forms, speciose genera do not have the smallest body sizes. Parasite body size is positively correlated with host body size, the largest hosts possessing the largest parasites. This trend is shown to occur within one monophyletic group of oxyurids, those of Old World …

Analytical Perspectives On A Protohistoric Cache Of Ceramic Jars From The Lower Colorado Desert, James M. Bayman, Richard H. Hevly, Boma Johnson, Karl J. Reinhard, Richard Ryan

Karl Reinhard Publications

A cache of hermetically sealed ceramic jars found in the Lower Colorado Desert was examined using chronometric dating, pollen and macrofossil extraction, design analysis, and water retention experimentation. The cache apparently dates to the protohistoricfifteenth through seventeenth centuries. Findings from these studies contribute to knowledge in four problem areas: (1) ceramic jar function and use-history; (2) storage technology and caching behavior; (3) ceramic dating and chronology; and (4) symbolic iconography. Biotic remains from inside the jars document their use for transporting a variety of riverine and desert plants, before they were finally filled with flowers and seeds, and placed in …

Gonadal Maturation In The Cobia Rachycentron Canadum From The Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Jeffrey M. Lotz, Robin M. Overstreet, James S, Franks

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Gonadal maturation of cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was evaluated by examining 508 specimens from its recreational fishery. Specimens were collected off southeast Louisiana to northwest Florida by hook-and-line during February through October 1987-1991. Fork lengths (FL) of these fish ranged from 580-1,530 mm, with corresponding weights of 2.0-43.5 kg. The female:male ratio was 1:0.37. Using a combination of oocyte size frequency and histological assessment of many of the fish, we determined that females were ripe from May through September, with atretic oocytes occurring in some fish from July through October. Degenerating hydrated oocytes in July and October and the presence …

Review Of: Species Diagnostics Protocols: Pcr And Other Nucleic Acid Methods, Edited By J. P. Clapp, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

A wide variety of approaches employing nucleic acids are included in this volume, and most of the protocols take advantage of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify sufficient quantities of DNA for comparison. One chapter (N. Springer et al.) that parasitologists should take special note of concerns the use of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes for the identification of protozoan endosymbionts. Selective hybridization of specifically designed oligonucleotide probes is a method that holds great promise for identification of microscopic organisms. In general, the experimental protocols are sufficiently detailed and organized to be used right at the laboratory bench. Most chapters …

Carmine-Propionic Acid Stain For Elucidation Of Fine Cellular Structure In Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Carmine-propionic acid staining was found to enhance the elucidation of cellular membranes in the esophagus and genital tract and the structure of sperm in strongylate nematodes. This regressive staining technique may also have general utility for differentiation of cellular membranes and nuclear structure in other taxa of parasitic helminths.

Emended Description Of Mazamastrongylus Peruvianus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) With Comments On The Relationships Of The Genera Mazamastrongylus And Spiculopteragia, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Resurrection of Mazamastrongylus as proposed by Jansen (1986) was validated and placement of Mazamastrongylus peruvianus in this genus was confirmed, based on characters of the synlophe, copulatory bursa, and spicules. The cervical synlophe consists of a strongly tapering pattern and prominent "hood ridges" at the level of the excretory pore; there are 40 ridges at the midbody of males. The bursa is of the 2-2-1 type, with rays 2 and 3 parallel and rays 4 and 5 of near equal length and only slightly divergent at the tips. The spoon-shaped dorsal process of the spicules, typical of M. peruvianus and …

Field Parasitology Techniques For Use With Mammals, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Obtaining parasites from mammals that are collected during surveys or bioinventories is time-consuming, and in the past such collections have rarely been made. Parasites and other symbionts are important components of the biology of the host, however, and must be sampled for a complete picture of its ecology and other aspects of its life history. For example, work on parasite diversity and biogeography of mammals in Bolivia (Gardner and Duszynski 1990; Gardner 1991: Gardner et al. 1991; Gardner and Campbell 1992a, 1992b) could not have been accomplished without proper collections of the parasite and symbiont fauna of the hosts.

Many …

Técnicas De Parasitología De Practicas De Campo Para El Uso Durante La Investigación De Mamíferos, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

First paragraph of the introduction:

La obtención de parásitos de mamíferos que son colectados durante las investigaciones o bio-inventarios toma mucho tiempo; y en el pasado, estas colectas ráramente se realizaban. De cualquier forma, los parásitos y otros simbiotas forman un componente importante de las características biologicas y ecologicas de los hospederos y deben ser muestreados. Por ejemplo, trabajos recientes en la diversidad parasitaria y la biogeografía en mamíferos de Bolivia por Gardner y Duszynski (1990), Gardner (1991), y Gardner y Campbell (1992 a,b) no hubiera popdido realizarse sin el trabajo de colección apropiado de la fauna parasitaria/simbiótica de los …

Faunal Diversity Among Avian Parasite Assemblages: The Interaction Of History, Ecology, And Biogeography In Marine Systems, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Systematics and parasite biodiversity provide power and predictability in broad studies of history, ecology and biogeography in marine systems. Parasitic helminths are elegant markers of contemporary and historical ecological relationships, geographic distribution and host-phylogeny. Complex life cycles of helminths are strongly correlated with intricate food-webs. Dependence on a series of intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts indicates that each parasite species represents an array of organisms within a community and tracks broadly and predictably across many trophic levels. Host and geographic ranges of parasites are historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations, and these determinents interact resulting in characteristic parasite community …

Microevolutionary Patterns And Molecular Markers: The Genetics Of Geographic Variation In Ascaris Suum, Steven A. Nadler

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Molecular markers have been used only rarely to characterize the population genetic structure of nematodes. Published studies have suggested that different taxa may show distinct genetic architectures. Isoenzyme and RAPD markers have been used to investigate geographic variation of Ascaris suum at the level of infrapopulations (nematodes within individual hosts), within localities, and among geographic regions. Independent estimates of genetic differentiation among population samples based on isoenzyme and RAPD data showed similar patterns and substantial correlation. Heterozygote deficiencies within infrapopulations and large values for inbreeding coefficients among infrapopulations suggested that the composition of these populations was not consistent with a …