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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effect Of Macrophage Expressed Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Α7nachr) On Migration Of Macrophages During Inflammation, Kasey Keever
Effect Of Macrophage Expressed Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Α7nachr) On Migration Of Macrophages During Inflammation, Kasey Keever
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by overwhelming inflammation, resulting in organ system damage, leading to a high mortality rate. Care in the clinical setting is supportive, and there are no approved sepsis-specific treatments. In septic mice, activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway decreases cytokine secretion by leukocytes and improves survival. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a reflex of the parasympathetic nervous system, converging on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nAChR) at the surface of macrophages. Signaling through the receptor blocks NF-kB activation, thus cytokine secretion. Receptor activation has other effects on macrophages, including modulating their migration to …
Endothelial Interleukin-17 Receptor D (Il17rd) Promotes Western Diet-Induced Aortic Myeloid Cell Infiltration, Shivangi Pande
Endothelial Interleukin-17 Receptor D (Il17rd) Promotes Western Diet-Induced Aortic Myeloid Cell Infiltration, Shivangi Pande
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Interleukin-17 (IL17) family is a group of cytokines implicated in the etiology of several inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor), belonging to the family of IL17 receptors, has been shown to modulate IL17A-associated inflammatory phenotypes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL17RD promotes endothelial cell activation and consequent monocyte adhesion. We utilized primary human aortic endothelial cells and demonstrated that RNAi targeting of IL17RD suppressed transcript levels by 83% compared to non-targeted controls. Further, RNAi knockdown of IL17RD decreased the adhesion of THP-1 cells …
Multiphasic Molecular Mechanisms Regulate Expression Of Interleukin 1Β, As Well As Other Immediate-Early Genes, In Monocytes And Macrophages, David Macar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), an important cytokine in both health and disease, functions as a major proinflammatory mediator of pathological challenges, including involvement in the cytokine storm associated with Macrophage Activation Syndrome, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and the severe secondary effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therapeutic approaches to limiting the effects of IL-1β protein have focused either on specific protein neutralization before release from activated macrophages (by general metabolic inhibitors and inflammasome inhibition) or after release by ligand and receptor obstruction (e.g., Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Although these approaches are efficacious, they inhibit steps after gene expression. Since a single gene expresses …
Illuminating Underappreciated Mechanisms Of Receptor Regulation In Human Lymphocytes., Cassandra Woolley
Illuminating Underappreciated Mechanisms Of Receptor Regulation In Human Lymphocytes., Cassandra Woolley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A thorough understanding of receptor regulation is imperative to predict expression in varying contexts of disease or treatment. Lymphocyte surface receptors are often used as biomarkers and drug targets, making them particularly important for study. For receptors of debated functionality, such as the Fc receptor for IgM (FcMR), understanding regulation can also help to predict expression in vivo to supplement hypotheses of biological roles. Various mechanisms exist for altering receptor surface expression, including direct feedback mechanisms such as ligand-induced endocytosis and broader mechanisms such as transcriptional and translational control. In this dissertation, we explore selected underappreciated mechanisms of lymphocyte receptor …
Characterization Of The Immunoglobulin Lambda Chain Across Diverse Human Populations., William Gibson
Characterization Of The Immunoglobulin Lambda Chain Across Diverse Human Populations., William Gibson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The adaptive immune system relies on a diverse set of over one hundred immunoglobulin (IG) genes across three genomic loci that are variably combined to form antibodies (Ab). The IG Lambda locus is one of two loci which encodes the IG light chain. The complexity of the IGL locus severely limits the effective use of standard short-read sequencing, limiting our knowledge of population diversity in these loci. We leveraged single molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing in conjunction with IGL-targeted DNA capture to develop the method IG-Cap for accurate and high-throughput sequencing of the IGL locus. We benchmarked this method using …
Biophysical Factors Impacting Sea Lice Settlement And Survival, Eleanor R. Glahn
Biophysical Factors Impacting Sea Lice Settlement And Survival, Eleanor R. Glahn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture production in Maine is a valuable contributor to the economy, the expansion of which has been challenged by the parasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. As planktonic organisms, the life of the salmon louse is primarily dictated by the physical conditions of the environment: the temperature for development time, salinity for survival, and current velocity for transport. Salmon lice are obligate parasites for whom the successful infection of a suitable host is critical to completion of their life cycle. However, little is understood about the effects of current velocity on infection success. Hydrodynamic …
Comparative Characteristics Of Integrin Αdβ2 Binding To Native Fibrinogen And Fibrinogen Modified By Dha Oxidation During Inflammation, Ajibola Ilesanmi
Comparative Characteristics Of Integrin Αdβ2 Binding To Native Fibrinogen And Fibrinogen Modified By Dha Oxidation During Inflammation, Ajibola Ilesanmi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
2-ω-carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) is a product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oxidation, which forms covalent adducts with different proteins. CEP-modified proteins can interact with macrophage receptor, integrin αDβ2. This study aims to compare αDβ2 binding to its physiological ligand, fibrinogen, and CEP-modified fibrinogen, which is formed during inflammation. We hypothesize that modification of fibrinogen changes its ligand-binding properties to integrin αDβ2 which can affect macrophage migration and retention. Recombinant αD I-domain and αDβ2-transfected HEK293 cells were used for the experiments. Using biolayer interferometry, we found that the affinity of αD I-domain binding to fibrinogen-CEP was higher than fibrinogen and inhibited by the …
Dna Methylation And The Response To Infection In Introduced House Sparrows, Melanie Gibson
Dna Methylation And The Response To Infection In Introduced House Sparrows, Melanie Gibson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Epigenetics is the study of molecular modification of a genome without changing its base pairs. The most studied type of epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation, which is capable of turning a gene “on” or “off.” Epigenetic potential is the capacity to which an individual can have methylation on its genome. The more CpGs available, the greater the epigenetic potential. In invasive species, genetic variation has been observed to be paradoxical: not much of it exists on a genomic level, but epigenetically, phenotypic variation can occur. The focus on shift in gene expression in this study is on Toll-Like Receptor 4 …